2. HEALTH
“a state of complete
physical, mental and social
well-being
and
not merely absence of the
disease or infirmity”
WHO, 1947
3. HEALTH FOR ALL
Attainment by all people of the
world of a level of health that can
permit them to lead a socially and
economically productive life.
“30th World health assembly, Alma Ata,
1977
4. Primary health care (PHC)
became a core policy for
the World Health
Organization with the
Alma-Ata Declaration in
1978 and the ‘Health-for-All
by the Year 2000’ Program
6. PRIMARY HEALTH
“Essential health care based on practical,
scientifically sound and socially acceptable
methods and technology made universally
accessible to individuals and families in the
community through their full participation
and at a cost that the community and the
country can afford to maintain at every
stage of their development in the spirit of
self-determination. ”
“WHO, 1978
7. What is primary health
care
Primary health care is
essential health care made
universally accessible to
individuals and acceptable
to them, through full
participation and at a cost
the community and
country can afford
8. Primary HealthCare is different in
each community depending upon
Needs of the residents
Availability of health care
providers
The communities
geographic location
Proximity to other health
care services in the area.
9. Goal:
The global goal as stated in the
Alma Ata Declaration is Health
for All by the year 2000 through
self-reliance.
Health begins at home, in schools
and in the workplace because it
is there where people live and
work that health is made or
broken.
10. It also means that people will
use better approaches than
they do now for preventing
diseases and alleviating
unavoidable disease and
disability and have better
ways of growing up, growing
old and dying gracefully.
.
11. It also means that here will be
even distribution among the
population of whatever resources
for health are available.
It means that essential health
services will be accessible to all
individuals and families in an
acceptable and affordable way
13. Characteristics of Primary Health Care
1.Stresses prevention rather
than cure.
2.Relies on home self-help,
community participation and
technology that the people
find acceptable, appropriate
and affordable.
14. 3.Combines modern, scientific
knowledge and feasible health
technology with acceptable,
effective traditional healing
practices.
4.Should be shaped around the
life patterns of the population.
15. 5.Should both meet the needs of
the local community and be an
integral part of the national
health care system.
6.Should be formulated and
implemented with involvement of
the local population
16. The Basic Requirements for Sound
PHC (the 8 A’s and the 3 C’s)
1. Appropriateness
2. Availability
3. Adequacy
4. Accessibility
5. Acceptability
18. The Four Pillars of Primary Health
Care (Principles)
Community Participation:
Appropriate Technology
Inter-Sectoral Coordination:
Equitable Distribution
21. E – Education for Health
L – Locally endemic disease
control
E – Expanded program for
immunization
M – Maternal and Child Health
including responsible parenthood
22. E – Essential drugs
N – Nutrition
Promotion of proper nutrition
T – Treatment of
communicable and non-
communicable diseases
S – Safe water and sanitation
23. Extended elements of PHC
Expanded options of
immunization
Reproductive health needs
Provision of essential
technologies for health
Prevention and control of non
communicable diseases
24. Reasons for slow progress:
Insufficient political commitment
Failure to achieve equity in access
to all PHC components
Slow socio- economic development
Difficulty in achieving inter sectoral
action for Health
Unbalanced distribution of resources
