Primary Health Care Essay Examples

Primary Health Care Essay examples
Part A Primary health care evolves from the economic, cultural, social, and political conditions of a country, and it is described as an essential part of
health care that is universally provided to individuals in a community at the country's and community's expense (World Health Organisation [WHO],
1978). The goal of primary health care is to address the main local health problems, but it involves community education about these problems in
addition to providing disease treatments (WHO, 1978). Furthermore, primary health care is concerned with nutrition promotion, sanitation standards,
family planning, immunisation, disease control and prevention, and it promotes and relies on community and individual participation in primary health
...show more content...
For example, community education about current health issues is one of the functions of primary health care, so a registered nurse can assume the role
of an educator and educate the community about the current threat. Community education is one of the most important aspects of nursing because
their code of ethics requires them to keep the community accurately informed on health related issues (Australian Nursing & Midwifery Council
[ANMC], 2006). Furthermore, the education informs community about prevention methods because primary health care supports the active
participation of patients for both individual and public health. In population health, registered nurses can assist in epidemic preventions through
screening and surveillance. Surveillance is a continuous process which involves data collection and data analysis. Surveillance is constantly practised
because it is used as a prevention method to identify possible outbreaks (Oleske, 2009). Once an outbreak is identified, screening is a process of
looking for early signs of disease manifestation in individuals, so nurses can identify the health issue early and ensure better chances of successful
treatments and slow down the outbreak development (Oleske, 2009). Although nurses are required to safeguard personal information and support
confidentiality (ANMC, 2008b), their duty is to notify the
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Health Care Professionals Essay
Professional Development Assignment 4 Michelle Turner Aspen University Healthcare Systems N–502 Dawn Deem October 14, 2014 Professional
Development Assignment 4 The various kinds of health professionals are educated in separate schools but with considerable overlap in curricula and
training requirements. They are, however, expected to integrate their training and work together after graduation. Identify the advantages and
disadvantages of this approach to professional education in terms of costs, educational efficiency, and patient care quality. List one advantage and one
disadvantage for each. The structure of the U.S heath care system is certainly a topic greatly debated. Whether it is discussing the cost of health care,
poor...show more content...
There are two main measures of medical underservice in the U.S., health professional shortage areas and medically underserved areas and some special
need populations. Both measures require communities to apply for designation. These designations allow the government to target resources to those
determined to be most in need (Colwill and Cultice, 2003). There are two principal conditions leading to physician shortages in rural communities
according to Wright and colleagues. They are "demand–deficient", meaning they have insufficient populations and resources to support a physician
practice, they are "ambiance–challenged," meaning they are isolated, lack quality services and amenities, and/or are in geographically unattractive
settings, or a combination of the two sets of conditions. Inner–city physician shortages are a more recently recognized issue. They are affected by the
same conditions, though the specifics are different (Wright, Andrilla, and Hart 2001). Living in rural Iowa this is an issue and a problem I have
seen and experienced far too many times. One example I can think of would be my grandmother was in her seventies and was as spry as she had
been in her fifties. She was in charge of anything and everything she could be in charge of. She spent her life working as an administrator in a popular
company and was very prominent in her small community. She was popular with her peers

Managed Care Essay
Managed care dominates health care in the United States. It is any health care delivery system that combines the functions of health insurance and the
actual delivery of care, where costs and utilization of services are controlled by methods such as gatekeeping, case management, and utilization review.
Different types of managed care plans came into development by three major factors. These factors include choice of providers, different ways of
arranging the delivery of services, and payment and risk sharing. Types of managed care organizations include Health Maintenance Organizations
(HMOs) which consist of five common models that differ according to how the HMO is related to the participating physicians, Preferred Provider
Organizations...show more content...
Case managers also provide support and information to patients and their families. Next, is utilization review. `Its main objective is to review each
case and determine the most appropriate level of services, the most appropriate settings in which the services be delivered, the most cost efficient
methods for care delivery and the need for planning of subsequent care. Other methods used for utilization and control are choice restriction and
practice profiling' (Douglas, 2003, p.328).
The types of managed care are differentiated by definition, operation, structure, and information needs. `HMOs were the most common type of MCO
until commercial insurance companies developed PPOs to compete with HMOs' (Douglas, 2003, p.331). `HMOs are business entities that either
arrange for or provide health services to an enrolled population after prepayment of a fixed sum of money, called a premium' (Peden, 1998, p.78).
There are three characteristics that an HMO must have. The first is a health care financing and delivery system that provides services for members in a
particular geographic area. Second, is ensured access to a complete range of health care services, health maintenance, treatment, and routine checkups.
Last, health care must be obtained from voluntary personnel that participate in the HMO. The five HMO models related to the participating physicians
are the Staff

Essay on Quality Health Care
*
Qual Health Care 2001;10:40–48 doi:10.1136/qhc.10.1.40 * Viewpoint
Management matters: the link between hospital organisation and quality of patient care 1. Elizabeth West, senior research fellow
+ Author Affiliations 1. Royal College of Nursing, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX1 6HE, UK 1. Dr E West
elizabeth.west@rcn.org.uk * Accepted 21 December 2000 Next Section
Abstract
Some hospital trusts and health authorities consistently outperform others on different dimensions of performance. Why? There is some evidence that "
management matters", as well as the combined efforts of individual clinicians and teams. However, studies that have been conducted on the link
between the organisation...show more content...
However, these reports are similarly concerned with issues of motivating, engaging, and rewarding staff which may be linked to patient outcomes as
well as to business success. Greater attention to the work that has been done on organisational performance, broadly defined, could illuminate our
attempts to link the characteristics of hospitals and units to the kind of care they are able to provide to patients.
Of course, the disciplines of organisational sociology and human resource management are vast and the aims of this paper are modest. It is impossible
to treat the literature on these subjects in great depth here. The main aim of this paper is to identify a number of "landmark studies", defined as
frequently cited review articles, that try to make sense of the burgeoning literature on organisational performance. These studies could contribute to the
development of theory in this area. A second aim is to identify variables at different levels of analysis–individual, organisational, and
environmental–that could be used in future models of hospital organisation and quality of patient care.
Previous SectionNext Section
Health policies motivating organisational research
The message from the current UK

Health Care Provider Essay
Benchmark Assignment Grand Canyon University Spirituality in Health Care HLT–310V Benchmark Assignment Healthcare is forever changing
testing professionals to provide excellent care to the communities it serves. Seeing hospitals as healing environments and not as the customary place of
curing an illness is an example of a present paradigm shift in health care now. By seeing hospitals as a healing environment instead of the current curing
environment can change the way most moral issues and current work conditions are approached, perceived, and managed. Each member in a healing
environment has a chance to heal and the responsibility to promote healing through their words, actions, and attitudes. This paper will discuss the three
As a reminder to health care professionals of why they chose this profession is this strong culture of compassionate care serves. This holist
methodology stimulates physical healing and creates a manifesto in which spiritual needs are also met. Challenges of Creating a Healing Environment
Mixing spirituality with health care is not acknowledged completely without confrontation. The understanding exists about the need of providing a
healing environment, however, the challenge of having an empirical approach that is focused on healing the disease, as a standard practice rather than
focus on the patient's individual needs, which increases moral distress to the healthcare provider, in addition to the patient and families. Spirituality
plays an important role with the coping process in stress, trauma and illnesses, nonetheless, it is a topic commonly avoided due to fear of
discrimination (Ashcraft, Anthony, & Mancuso, 2010). In order for nurses to serve as an instrument to healing they have to be able to meet the patients
spiritual needs as well as physical. This can be a challenge to most healthcare providers because they may experience burn out from their work
environment causing them to alienate patients. Another barrier for nurses is the lack of knowledge about spirituality in relation to the patients' needs.
Biblical Aspects In James 5:14–15 (King James Version), Jesus asks if there are any sick among the crowd and if so to

The Problem Of Health Care Essay
Health care in our country is currently undergoing radical change. Reform is steering progress towards a more patient–centered approach. As a result,
there is an intense focus in health care on meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs). While the health care arena looks to the future by
aiming for automation, there is a chance that our elderly population, the largest users of medical products and services, may be left behind. Some
experts believe that there is a "digital divide" occurring among the elderly (Hall, 2014). Others are of the opinion that the software still has a long way
to catch up to be a truly useful tool in geriatric medicine. There is no doubt that as health care in our country continues to advance and improve, EHRs
will remain a major part of the medical care. However, we should ensure that all members of our society can benefit from the use health care
automation.
The major shift in health care trends towards electronic capturing, storing, and analyzing of data has prompted massive government intervention in
terms of incentives, mandates, and standardizations. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) encourage eligible professionals, hospitals, and
critical access hospitals, to "adopt, implement, upgrade or demonstrate meaningful use" of EHR technology to "improve patient care" through their
EHR incentive programs. (CMS, 2014). As a result, most health care professionals and facilities are updating their technology and have implemented at

Essay On Health Care
Healthcare is a major political subject for individuals in power especially in the Unites States of America and because of this ongoing issue, health has
a constant wave of changes that has resulted in a long history of health reform in both Canada and the United States of America. In this analysis, it
shows somewhere down the fountain of healthcare history, the development of health insurance in both Canada and the United States started to
separate or –"Parting at the Crossroads" as Maioni stated between Canada and the United States. As I read this article, it came to my attention how
much Canadian and American health reform has been an abstract of each societal foundation in both systems. Maioni gave the audience a brief political
As for Canada, we took the leap that is now considered the difference in health reform and health insurance development between Canada and the
United States. Universal access and public administration was now an essential part for federal involvement in provincial health insurance programs.
Maioni gave us strong historical evidence which supported her claim of the influential roles that played in health reform and policy . What she is
portraying to the audience is the mere constant political leaps that had a domino effect against the development of health insurance and health reform.
Due to the political agendas of both countries, each created their own roads to health reform and even if by experimentation. Now we can see the
growth of health reform in its own entirety from each country. The United States still allows itself to be bullied by propaganda and division of political
parties which is the result of the health reform setbacks the United States wounds themselves with. The reoccurrence of country wide health insurance
on political "to–do list," rest assured that the demand is persistently growing within society. Antonia Maioni is convincing because she pulls us in as
readers into the evidence based facts that create strong conclusions for this case. She lays a foundation with historical background then pulls our
attention with the separation aspect for both countries. With her compelling argument she ties in the reality of each of the countries

Health Care Essay
The U.S. has one of the worst health care systems in the world. With the lowest life expectancy, highest infant mortality rate, and most money spent per
person on healthcare there is obviously a change that needs to be made. Another thing the U.S. is lagging with is the number of physicians. We only
have 2.6 physicians for every 1,000 people, while Sweden has 4.0 and Germany has 4.1. The shortage of doctors in our country is a huge problem that
needs attention. Another problem deserving attention is the infant mortality rate in our country. The U.S. has a 6.0 mortality rate of children under
1–year–old for every 1,000 live births, when Finland has a 1.8 and Italy has a 2.1. We could really take some notes from these other countries on...show
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There is not only one way to answer the problem of the doctor shortage, it will take many things working together to fix the problem. The infant
mortality rate in the U.S. is another topic that needs to be addressed. There are many ways to decrease the mortality rate, but when only a few
people try these solutions it doesn't make a difference. To really make a change, every mother would need to participate and even though there are
those cases that are inevitable, there are also other cases that can be eliminated. First, preventing birth defects would be a huge way to decrease the
mortality rate. Birth defects are the number one cause of infant death in the U.S. There are several ways pregnant women can help reduce the chance
of birth defects. For example, making sure they get enough folic acid in their diet or from supplements. Without it, babies can suffer defects of their
brain and spine. Women should also see a healthcare professional regularly to make sure everything is going well. This means healthcare needs to be
readily available for pregnant women. Some mothers are unable to afford healthcare so making checkups for pregnant mother's low cost would benefit
them. Next, avoiding harmful substances such as alcohol and cigarettes would be another huge factor in decreasing infant mortality. Drinking alcohol
during a pregnancy can cause miscarriages or stillbirths. Keeping their lifestyle healthy for pregnant mothers is the most important thing they can do to

The Cost Of Health Care Essay
The Cost of Healthcare Introduction "The biggest problem with health care is not with insurance or politics. It is that we are measuring the wrong
things the wrong way" (Kaplan & Porter, 2011, p. 46). Total healthcare expenditures and expenditures as a percentage of GDP have been
considerably higher in the U.S. Hospital care, physician and clinical services, and drug prescription expenditures have been the principal
components contributing to growth in healthcare expenditures in the U.S. compared to other countries. The study also analyses and compares the
growth of healthcare costs. Three different perspectives on the health care "cost crisis" are understanding the value of health care, most health care
costs are fixed and healthcare cost covered by health insurance program. In this paper share ideas to help solve the cost crisis in healthcare.
Understanding the Value of Health Care "Health maintenance organization (HMO) quality on several primary care indicators and more rapid
quality improvement, despite its substantially lower level of expenditure" (Rosen, et al., 2011, p. 15). In the medicinal services organization, the
proper goal of any human services system is to grow the cost dispersed to patients. The cost of the human services measured as far as the patient
results achieved per dollar expended. It does not matter the kind of various service supplier or volume of service delivered that matters, however, the
cost. More care and expensive care is not really better

Healthcare in the United States Essay
Healthcare in the United States is rooted in the private sector. The private sector directly funds 56% of the expenditures through private health
insurance, household expenditures and copays, and other private expenditures. (CMS, 2014) The US healthcare system can thank the private sector for
providing much strength such as new diagnostic technologies, innovative treatments and procedures, and dynamism. American hospitals and
physicians are regarded internationally as being of high quality. Americans can also be proud that the physician– patient relationship is among the most
trusted and valued relationships in the country. By allowing the private sector to take a lead role in the healthcare system, the United States values
(Elhauge, 2010). Fragmentation leads to duplication of tests and effort. Often, physicians do not have test results and notes from prior treatments. This
results in wasteful duplication of efforts. Fragmentation leads to unplanned hospitalizations. Approximately 20% of discharged Medicare patients are
re–hospitalized within thirty days. (Jencks, Williams, Coleman, 2009) It is estimated that only 10% of those readmissions are planned. (Jencks,
Williams, Coleman, 2009) Patients can receive better continuation of care if their doctors coordinated better, if there was better discharge planning and
incentives for providers to control costs after the patient has been discharged. A patient centered medical home (PCMH) could integrate patient care. A
patient centered medial home is a team of healthcare providers coming together to improve the health of a specific population. A PCMH is designed to
integrate primary care and specialists into improve care coordination, safety and quality.(Stange, et al 2010) A PCMH would also improve physician
training and development to provide a commitment to treat the whole patient, rather than just one part.(Stange, et al 2010) Healthcare fragmentation
can also be limited through improved communication between providers using e–mail and social media tools such as facebook and twitter. Physicians
and hospitals are also paid with a fragmented and confusing mix of public and private payments. In the private sector

Is Health Care a Right or a Privilege? Essay
A sensitive topic in the United States today revolves around the issue of healthcare. Is health care a basic human right or is it just a privilege to those
who are able to afford it? Health care in the United States is in desperate need of reform. The Affordable Care Act takes that stance that health care is in
fact a basic human right and that everyone should have health insurance. When the term "basic human rights" is used, most people think of the right to
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This doesn't necessarily mean that people should be forced to sustain others' lives, or that they have the
responsibility to make others happy because they have a "right" to pursue happiness. You are born with these basics rights that no...show more content...
After years of schooling and hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt, doctors aren't even able to work on their own terms. "Consumers allegedly
have a "right" to what health care providers provide, a "right" to say what will be provided, when, and at what price" (Salsman 2012). Consumers
shouldn't have a "right" to what is provided to them or how much it costs. The government controls pricing and controls who can receive care and what
kind. It's not right that those who are actually working in the medical profession that they have lost control of their businesses.
Sanjay Sanghoee wrote an article for The Huffington Post stating, "The reason that Americans are so divided on this issue is that the right to good
health (which can only be ensured through guaranteed health care) is not mentioned in any of our founding documents" (Sanghoee 2013). The fact that
the "right to good health" is not mentioned in any founding documents is because healthcare wasn't an issue in 1776 when America first became a free
country. Even if there were a developed healthcare system back then, it would be so different to the healthcare we have today. Amendments and rights
have been added to the constitution, including the right to due process, and prohibiting search and seizure (Sanghoee 2013). If the right to health care
was so important, it could have been added to the constitution as a right. Sanghoee also states that just because something isn't directly mentioned in

Us vs Canada Health Essay
The comparison between health care in the United States and health care in Canada has been a continuing debate. America does not have a universal
health coverage plan for it's population, while Canadians are privileged to have universal health coverage. Normally a patient will pay twice as much
for health coverage in the United States compared to treatment in Canada. This puts the US in first position of having the most expensive health care
system on earth. (http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/health–care–for–all/has–canada–got–the–cure) Most of the population in the United States have
no health coverage at all. Compared to Canada, the wait time for elective procedures in the United States is somewhat longer. Many Americans feel the
In America confidence in the health care system diminishes with aging. Americans believe that as they grow older, health care will be unaffordable to
them. Seniors especially believe that once they depend on fixed budgets, that the American government will selectively rid them of attaining affordable
health care. Just being able to afford their prescription drugs will be a situation where seniors will have to choose between food or medicine because of
their decrease in household incomes. The one feature that is most effective in providing comprehensive health care in Canada is the participation of
the government where citizens are completely covered for their health insurance. The best feature of health insurance in America is group health
insurance. Group coverage normally offers the best benefits at a lower rate. The least effective feature of American health care is the cost of medical
prescriptions and extended times of waiting to see the physicians. The least effective feature of Canada's medical health care system is also the
lengthy time of waiting to see the physicians. Since most private health insurance companies in the US tell you which doctors to visit, specify which
hospitals you may enter, this could be a deterrent to your treatment. In Canada this is not the case, if you are ill you may go to any hospital regardless
of financial means or insurance coverage and get treated. Canadians and Americans found that increasing health care

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