Prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella in St. Kitts Retail Chicken and Pork Products
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This study examined the prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella contamination in imported and domestic retail chicken and pork in St. Kitts. Samples of meat were tested for the presence of these foodborne pathogens. The results showed that [NUMBER] of chicken samples and [NUMBER] of pork samples tested positive for E. coli, while [NUMBER] of chicken samples and [NUMBER] of pork samples tested positive for Salmonella. This indicates that both imported and domestic meat sold in St. Kitts carries some risk of contamination with these harmful bacteria.
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A century ago, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and cholera were common foodborne
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The document discusses several topics related to kidney health and disease:
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3. Various factors can damage the nephrons of the kidney, like high blood sugar from diabetes. When nephrons become plugged or die, kidney function declines potentially leading to failure.
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Calit2 Director Larry Smarr lecture to the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute as part of the Winter 2014 Qualcomm Institute lecture series for Osher.
ACG-123-Pawpaw vs. cancer-in vivo-in vitro-MOA McLaughlin-US-2008
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compounds called annonaceous acetogenins from the paw paw plant. the related cytoplasmic ATP production. Their cytotoxicity, in vivo
The author isolated over 50 unique acetogenins from paw paw and antitumor activity, and a myriad of other potentially useful effects
150 additional ones from related plants. These compounds were indicated applications for pest control, medicine, and more. Some
found to have potent anticancer, pesticidal and other biological
Current "Health Care" System
The document discusses issues with the current US healthcare system and reasons for poor health. It notes that over half of Americans are overweight or obese, and chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease and diabetes are widespread. It argues the main causes of disease are toxicity from environmental chemicals and nutritional deficiencies due to poor soil quality and standard American diet lacking minerals and vitamins. The document advocates for improving diet by increasing intake of high-quality whole foods and liquid supplements for better nutrient absorption.
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Prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella in St. Kitts Retail Chicken and Pork Products
- 2. Think about the last piece of meat that you ate…
- 3. Raised
- 4. Butchering
- 5. Processing
- 6. Where did it come from? How long was the trip?
- 7. So- what did you eat?
- 8. Effects of U.S. foodborne pathogens each year: • Illnesses: 48 million (1 out of 6 Americans) • Hospitalizations: 128,000 • Deaths: 3,000 Source: CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/)
- 9. Foodborne pathogens Source: CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html)
- 10. Why E. coli and Salmonella?
- 11. Salmonella Source: Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens Elaine Scallan,1 Robert M. Hoekstra, Frederick J. Angulo, RobertV.Tauxe, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Sharon L. Roy, Jeffery L. Jones, and Patricia M. Griffin • The leading bacterial cause of foodborne illness* • Leading cause of hospitalizations from foodborne illness • Leading cause of deaths from foodborne illness
- 13. Recent Salmonella Outbreaks CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks-active.html) Other 2016 outbreaks: Poultry Pistachios Alfalfa sprouts Organic meal replacement shake mix 2015 outbreaks: Cucumbers Pork Frozen chicken (twice from same company) Tuna
- 14. What about E. coli? Not a major cause of foodborne illness when compared with Salmonella… Source: CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/pdfs/pathogens-complete-list-04-12.pdf)
- 15. E. coli Used as an indicator of fecal contamination Source: NARMS Integrated Report, 2012-2013
- 18. Source: NARMS Integrated Report, 2012-2013
- 19. Source: NARMS Integrated Report, 2012-2013, p. 4
- 20. Source: NARMS Integrated Report, 2012-2013
- 21. Source: NARMS Integrated Report, 2012-2013
- 22. E. coli
- 23. Salmonella
- 24. (29) (18)
Editor's Notes
- Out of the 48 million, only approx. 9 million have a known cause. Because of the process of reporting, but also the complexity of dishes we eat 31 major pathogens followed are known to cause 9.4 million of the 48 million estimated illnesses. Of the 31 major pathogens you have bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
- Why these 2 organisms? Out of everything that can cause an illness, why are these important?
- *Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness overall *This includes ALL serotypes of Salmonella
- Norovirus causes ~ 5.5 million
- So far from current outbreak: 324 Cases, 35 States, 66 Hospitalizations, 1 Death.
- It can cause bad food poisoning (ETEC, EPEC, EHEC), but just going by numbers, E. coli causes a lot fewer illnesses.
- It is a good INDICATOR of fecal contamination
- Collaboration of CDC, FDA, and USDA “NARMS monitors antimicrobial resistance in enteric (intestinal) bacteria isolated from humans, retail meats, and food animals.” Samples are taken once a month from stores in 14 different states in the U.S.
- Cecal samples taken from animals that are slaughtered
- 29 samples of chicken, 18 samples of pork