This document summarizes a study on the effect of stress on women's health and the responsible factors. The study was conducted by Aruna Singh with guidance from Dr. Sangeeta Gupta. It explores the external and internal causes of stress in women, and examines how stress affects women's physical and mental health. The study also analyzes the symptoms of stress in women and suggests approaches for preventing and managing stress. The methodology section indicates the study used research approaches to achieve its objectives of exploring the causes of stress in women and its health impacts.

1. Effect of stress on women`s health:
A study of responsible factors
Candidate- Aruna Singh
Guide- Dr. Sangeeta Gupta

2. Introduction
• Women have taken on multiple roles to adapt to changes in today’s
society.
• They continue to meet household and family responsibilities, while
at the same time working outside the home and trying to pursue
personal interests.
• Women can view these roles as challenges, or they can perceive
them as threats.
• As the demands increase to fulfill these roles, women often feel a
sense of helplessness and loss of control, making them prone to
stress and burnout.
• For most women, stress ranks at the top of the list of daily
problems. Women are more likely candidates for stress than are
men.
• They strive to be perfect in all areas of their lives, but they do not
spend enough time taking care of themselves.

4. • Sociologists describe women as struggling to achieve the "male
standard" at work, while trying to maintain the perfect wife and
mother standards at home
• Women are also less likely to be in as powerful positions as men to
change their environment.
• Women find it harder to say no to others' requests and often feel
guilty if they can't please everyone.
• Women often spend less time nurturing their own emotional and
physical needs, as that might be perceived as selfish
• As women progress through life's stages, hormonal balance
associated with premenstrual, post-partum and menopausal
changes can affect chemical vulnerability to stress and depression.

5. Objective
• To explore the external causes of stress in women
• To examine the stress in women due to their own perception
and attitude.
• To discuss the effect of stress on women`s physical and mental
health.
• To study the comparison of stress between Indian women and
women abroad.
• To analyze the symptoms of stress.
• To suggest the prevention and management stress

6. Historical Background
• In 1936 Selye Hans first introduced the term Stress ,derived from the word
stringere means physical hardship ,starvation , torture and pain.
• In 1956 selye Hans define stress as any external event or internal drive
which threatens to upset the organismic equilibrium.
• Labor research ,London (1999) stated that Women faces dual burden of
household and productive work.
• A study in the USA found that the percentage of working women holding
two or more paid jobs increased from 2.2% in 1970 to 5.9% in 1998, while
that of men holding two jobs decreased by 0.6%.
• In 1982 Belle D stated that depression tend to equally effect the poor and
the rich.
• Paul J Rosch in 1984 presented his findings that the stress which an
indiviual exper

7. External causes of stress
• (1) Biological Changes-
– (a) Puberty-vulnerable to internal & external conflicts which
contribute to depression.
– (b) Pregnancy
– © Postparatum
– (d) Menopause
(2) Role of Society-
Lower self worth
- Male dominating society
• - Lower pay
• - Discrimination in hiring
• - House Work

8. • - Child rearing
• - multiple stress
• Relationship-
Attitude of relatives
Arguments with spouse
Arguments with children
Illness of a family member
Moving in or out of elder children
Conflicts in relationships
Volatile relationship
• Poverty-
» Leads a pathway to depression
» Frequent negative events
» Uncertainty
» low income
» Low morale
» Lack in social support

9. Effect of stress on women`s physical
and Mental health
• TOO MUCH SLEEP (HYPERSOMNIA) OR TOO LITTLE SLEEP
(INSOMNIA)
• NIGHTMARES
• NERVOUS HABITS LIKE NAIL-BITING OR FOOT-TAPPING
• DECREASED SEX DRIVE
• TEETH GRINDING
• IRRITABILITY OR IMPATIENCE
• CRYING OVER MINOR INCIDENTS
• DREADING GOING TO WORK OR OTHER ACTIVITIES
• MIGRAINE OR TENSION HEADACHES
• DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS LIKE HEARTBURN OR DIARRHEA
• SHALLOW BREATHING OR SIGHING
• COLD OR SWEATY PALMS
• JAW PAIN, NECK PAIN,SHOULDER PAIN

10. • Twitching
• Stuttering and other speech difficulties
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Sleep disturbances
• Fatigue
• Shallow breathing
• Dryness of the mouth or throat
• Susceptibility to minor illness
• Cold hands

11. Physical signs and symptoms of
stress
• Increased heart rate
• Pounding heart
• Elevated blood pressure
• Sweaty palms
• Tightness of the chest, neck, jaw, and back muscles
• Headache
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Urinary hesitancy
• Trembling
• Being easily startled
• Chronic pain and
• Dysponea

12. Research methodology

13. Expected result

14. • Thank You