NATIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF GILGIT BALTISTAN

1. Presented by:
Ghulamullah Saqib
Deputy Director Agriculture Ghanche
Email: saqibgm@gmail.com
Cell no: 03468116943
Native Flora (NTFPs) of Gilgit
Baltistan and Scope for their
Domestication and Value Addition

2. Fact sheet
• In the world 265,000 species of plants occurs but only half of these
are yet investigated for their medicinal values.
• Pakistan is enjoying a rich and diverse flora of almost 5700 species
of which around 2000 are reported to be medicinally important.
• Gilgit Baltistan is the home of 400-600 medicinal plants.
• In developing countries, around 80% of the population depends
upon medicinal plants for combating different diseases.
• in developed countries, 60% of the population uses these plants ,
40–50% of the population in Germany, 42% in the USA, 48% in
Australia and 49% in France depends upon plants for different
health issues.

3. • Importance of these medicinal plants can be judged by
the fact that at least 25% of the drugs enlisted in
modern Pharmacopoeia are of plant origin.
• the current digits for Pakistan are far low than the
trade of medicinal plants in other countries like India
and China.
• According to FAO Corporate Document Repository, the
actual supply/demand of herbs and medicinal plants is
in the range of 20,000 tons per annum.
• According to an analysis by Fortune Business Insights,
the global herbal medicine market will grow from USD
165.66 billion in 2022 to USD 347.50 billion by 2029.

4. ‫پودا‬ ‫واال‬ ‫بانٹنے‬ ‫خوشی‬
o Common name: Moldavian Dragonhead
o Local name: Kololo
o Botanical name: Dracocephalum moldavica
o Family: Lamiaceae

5. Benefits and Uses
o Adaptogenic (relieves stress, and helps the body and mind handle stressful
situations)
o Soothes an upset stomach and helps in digestion
o Supports the immune system
o Protects the body against environmental threats
o It is used in food aromatization (canned fish, gems, candies and syrups)
o Its essential oil shows high activity against bacteria and fungi
o It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-septic properties
o Used in disorders of ovarian function and metabolic disorders
o Its essential oil is used as an ingredient for fragrance in perfumery and cosmetics
industry, fresh plant essential oil content is 0.25%
o Unpolished diamond amongst essential oils due to variety of applications

6. Cultivation and Value Addition
o Origin is Siberia, Tibet and Himalayan regions
o Best suited to cool climates
o It has been cultivating in Baltistan region since long as a spice
o The essential oil and tea of Moldavian Dragonhead is a demanding item all over the
world
Rs 3,700/2.5ml
Rs 1300/15g

7. For urdu readers on social media

8. Fritillaria species
o Common name: Yellow Himalayan fritillary
o Local name: Jangali thome, in chinese (chuan bei mu)
o Botanical name: Fritillaria cirrhosa, F. thunbergii, F. sungbei
o Family: Liliaceae

9. Introduction
o Genus Fritillaria is one among the biggest genera of family Liliaceae
comprising of around 130–165 species.
o Fritillaria is viewed as a significant genus and a source of significant
pharmaceutically active compounds utilized in conventional drugs by
folklore.
o Fritillaria is utilized worldwide as medication and food. Different
chemically dynamic components separated from genus Fritillaria, their
phytochemistry with structure and pharmacology of these compounds have
been extensively reviewed.

10. Importance
o It is utilized for treatment of dyspepsia, chest injury, tuberculosis, cough,
asthma, bronchitis, boils, stomatitis, malaria, insanity, anaemia, immunity
promoter, remedy for child emaciation, fever, burning sensation, heart
diseases, dysfunction of breathing and nervous system, etc.
o Fritillaria's secondary use is as a lymphatic decongestant to reduce
swellings, nodules, fibrocystic breasts, goiter, and swollen lymph glands. In
China, it also is used for thyroid and lung cancer

11. Propagation Methods
From seed:
o Fritillaria seed ripens in mid to late summer and is best sown as soon as ripe or soon
after in autumn
o It is important to sow the seed on the surface of the compost and not bury it any
deeper. But it should be covered by a layer of grit about half to one centimeter deep
to help retain moisture.
o Water the pots and place in a cool, sheltered place out of doors such as in a cold
frame.
o Fritillaria seed requires a period of cold (but not freezing) to initiate germination, so
the pots can be left outdoors through the winter until they germinate which is
usually in the Spring.

12. Cont…
o In mild winters it may be necessary to provide the cold period artificially by placing
the pots in a refrigerator at about 4 centigrade.
o Once germinated keep the pots in a sunny position and keep watered throughout the
growing season until the seedlings start to die down for their summer dormancy.
o By the end of the first year, the baby bulbs will be small and difficult to handle, so
are better left to the end of their second year before any re-potting.

13. Cont…
By Bulb Division and Scaling:

14. Cont…
In-vitro (tissue culture):
o Wild populations are at a risk of rapid eradication and are now very difficult to find.
o In order to protect wild resources and set up an efficient system of rapid
propagation, sections of bulb-scales from the vegetative period were used to
regenerate bulblets in vitro.
o Surface-disinfected sections were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
containing 35 g l-1 sucrose and supplemented with different types, concentrations
and combinations of plant growth regulators
o [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyl-adenine (BA), 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (KT)]. Bulblets were successfully
induced from scale sections after 12 weeks of culture via two pathways.

15. Cont…
o In the first pathway, callus was induced from scale sections on solid MS medium
that was supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 BA and 2.0 mg l-1 NAA within 5 weeks.
After placing callus at a low temperature (4°C) for 3 weeks, bulblets developed on
the same medium within 4 weeks (11.3 bulblets/explant).
o In the second (less effective) pathway, bulblets could be induced directly from scale
sections on solid MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1
NAA, or 1.0 mg l-1 BA and 0.1 mg l-1 2,4-D, resulting in 8.2 and 7.8
bulblets/explant, respectively.
o This is a simple but effective protocol for the mass propagation of F. thunbergii.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320352945_Bul
blet_regeneration_in_vitro_from_bulb-
scales_of_Fritillaria_thunbergii

16. F. cirrhosa: a: In vitro seed germination on MS basal medium supplemented with BA
(1.0 mg L−1), NAA (0.4 mg L−1) after incubation for 20 days (bar = 1.8 cm). b: Bulblet and
callus formation in 4 month old seedlings growing on 1/2X MS basal medium supplemented
with sucrose (2.5%), GPP (0.4%) (bar = 1.24 cm). c, d, e: Bulblet regeneration from bulb
sections after 2 months of culture (c, bar = 0.25 cm); at the end of subculture 2 (6 months) (d,
bar = 0.9 cm, arrow showing a bulblet); and at the end of subculture 5 (12 months) (e,
bar = 1.5 cm); f: Callus growth under darkness (bar = 1.8 cm)

17. Rhodiola Rosea ( the golden roots)
Barah Broq Baltistan

18. Cont…
Introduction
‫ت‬ ‫تھی۔قدیم‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫کی‬ ‫حکما‬ ‫سے‬ ‫مسیح‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫زمانہ‬ ‫پر‬ ‫کراپ‬ ‫سٹون‬ ‫والے‬ ‫اگنے‬ ‫پر‬ ‫پہاڑوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫بلتستان‬ ‫گلگت‬
‫بتی‬
‫تھی۔سائبریا‬ ‫اہمیت‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫کی‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫ہاں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫امچییوں‬ ‫ہے۔قدیم‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫کہا‬ ‫ازم‬ ‫امچی‬ ‫کو‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫یقہ‬ ‫طر‬
‫کھالتے‬ ‫پودا‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫باہ‬ ‫مقوی‬ ‫بطور‬ ‫کو‬ ‫جوڑے‬ ‫بیاہتا‬ ‫نو‬ ‫لوگ‬ ‫قدیم‬ ‫کے‬
‫تھے۔کچھ‬
‫قتال‬ ‫سامان‬ ‫اقوام‬ ‫جنگجو‬ ‫جنگلی‬
‫جدید‬ ‫کی‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫ہو۔اس‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫اضافہ‬ ‫میں‬ ‫طاقت‬ ‫کی‬ ‫جنگجوں‬ ‫تاکہ‬ ‫تھے‬ ‫کرتے‬ ‫کولیکشن‬ ‫کی‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫میں‬
‫رکھتی‬ ‫صالحیت‬ ‫کرنے‬ ‫دور‬ ‫کو‬ ‫کمزوری‬ ‫جسمانی‬ ‫اور‬ ‫تھکاوٹ‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫چلتی‬ ‫پتہ‬ ‫سے‬ ‫تحقیقات‬
‫ہے‬
‫اسکے‬ ‫۔‬
rosavins and salidrosides ‫کیمیکل‬
‫تجزئے‬
‫سے‬
‫یہ‬
‫دو‬
‫پایا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫ذیادہ‬ ‫اجزا‬
‫گیا۔‬
‫دنیا‬
‫قوت‬ ‫کے‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫جو‬ ‫ہیں۔‬ ‫بکتے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫سٹورز‬ ‫ہیلتھ‬ ‫سپلیمنٹس‬ ‫بنے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫جڑوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بھر‬
‫رسوا‬ ‫گونمی‬ ‫کو‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫میں‬ ‫ہے۔بلتستان‬ ‫مستعمل‬ ‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫بڑھانے‬ ‫کو‬ ‫باہ‬ ‫اور‬ ‫مدافعت‬
/
‫سے‬ ‫نام‬ ‫کے‬ ‫زنمہ‬
‫ہیں‬ ‫جاتے‬ ‫جانے‬
‫۔‬

20. Propagation
in-vitro growth of seeds
a -seeds; b -seedlings on 0.6 % agar
after 10 days of cultivation; c -
seedlings on 0.6 % agar after 30
days of cultivation. Bar: 1 cm.
Acclimatized plants of Rhodiola rosea: a -after 1
month of cultivation in cassettes; b -root system
washed from the substrate and part of the
rhizome with renewal buds

21. • Propagation through Division and cuttings
For any root division to survive, it will need to have at
least one bud and some portion of the crown and/or
roots. The roots are cut into sections 1 to 6 inches long,
with at least one bud on each division. Crown division can
be performed in early spring on crops in their third year
or older. The buds should be growing, but not green and
shooting. The optimal bud size is .25 to 3.0 inches long.

22. Value Addition
Extracts

23. Rhodiola tea

24. Pleurospermum spp (‫)شمدون‬
Pleurospermum is a genus of
flowering plants belonging to the
family Apiaceae.
Its native range is Europe to Korea
and Himalaya.
Species:
Pleurospermum albimarginatum
H.Wolff
Pleurospermum angelicoides (DC.)
Benth. ex C.B.Clarke

25. ‫تعارف‬ ‫کا‬ ‫شمدون‬
‫بلتستان‬
‫ط‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ورثے‬ ‫سینہ‬ ‫بہ‬ ‫سینہ‬ ‫علم‬ ‫کا‬ ‫بوٹیوں‬ ‫جڑی‬ ‫تبتی‬ ‫قدیم‬ ‫میں‬
‫پر‬ ‫ور‬
‫جڑی‬ ‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫بیماریوں‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫باسی‬ ‫کے‬ ‫یہاں‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫میں‬ ‫سفر‬ ‫نسل‬ ‫در‬ ‫نسال‬
‫میڈیسن‬ ‫تبتی‬ ،‫ازم‬ ‫امچی‬ ‫قدیم‬ ‫ورثہ‬ ‫علمی‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫ہیں۔‬ ‫آرہے‬ ‫کرتے‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫بوٹیاں‬
‫پہاڑوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫بلتستان‬ ‫ہم‬ ‫آج‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاسکتا‬ ‫کہالیا‬ ‫مجموعہ‬ ‫کا‬ ‫ہربلزم‬ ‫چائینز‬ ‫اور‬
‫تبتی‬ ‫قدیم‬ ‫ہیں۔‬ ‫کرتے‬ ‫بات‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بارے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫شمدون‬ ‫پودا‬ ‫خوبصورت‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫میں‬
‫نباتات‬ ‫جبکہ‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫جانا‬ ‫سے‬ ‫نام‬ ‫کے‬ ‫کھانسپوس‬ ‫اسے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫میڈیکا‬ ‫میٹیریا‬
‫ی‬
‫نام‬
Pleurospermum candollei (DC.) C.B. Clarke‫۔‬
‫کہالیا‬
‫ہے‬ ‫جاتا‬
‫اسکا‬ ‫۔‬
‫بیماری‬ ‫جملہ‬ ‫کی‬ ‫پیٹ‬ ‫نزدیک‬ ‫کے‬ ‫حکما‬ ‫تبتی‬ ‫استعمال‬
‫وں‬
‫مستعمل‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫اخراج‬ ‫کے‬ ‫زہروں‬ ‫جملہ‬ ‫سے‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫تھا۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫کیا‬ ‫میں‬
‫بھوٹانی‬ ‫جڑ‬ ‫اسکا‬ ‫تھا۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫کیا‬ ‫خیال‬ ‫مفید‬ ‫اسے‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫میں‬ ‫دق‬ ‫تپ‬ ‫و‬ ‫بخار‬ ‫تھا۔‬
‫بھلے‬ ‫ڑدونگ‬ ‫اسے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بلتستان‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫مستعمل‬ ‫سے‬ ‫عرصے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫کوپیا‬ ‫فارما‬
‫ع‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫مصالحہ‬ ‫بطور‬ ‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫کرنے‬ ‫پیدا‬ ‫انفرادیت‬ ‫میں‬ ‫ذائقے‬ ‫کی‬
‫ام‬
‫ہیں۔‬ ‫بناتی‬ ‫سوادش‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ڈشز‬ ‫دیسی‬ ‫خوشبو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذائقہ‬ ‫مخصوص‬ ‫اپنا‬ ‫اسکا‬ ‫ہے۔‬
‫جائے‬
‫۔‬

26. ‫جاری‬ ‫شمدون۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔‬
‫کا‬ ‫قہوے‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫کیا‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫عام‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫قہوہ‬ ‫اسکا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫پریشر‬ ‫بلڈ‬ ‫ہائی‬
‫نمائشی‬ ‫سالہ‬ ‫کثیر‬ ‫بطور‬ ‫ہے۔اسے‬ ‫ہوتا‬ ‫منفرد‬ ‫ہی‬ ‫بہت‬ ‫خوشبو‬ ‫و‬ ‫رنگ‬
‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫جس‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫جاسکتا‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫اگایا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫گھروں‬ ‫پر‬ ‫طور‬ ‫کے‬ ‫پودا‬
‫مارچ‬ ‫اور‬ ‫جائے‬ ‫کیا‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫سے‬ ‫پہاڑوں‬ ‫میں‬ ‫اواخر‬ ‫کے‬ ‫اگست‬ ‫بیج‬ ‫اسکے‬
‫کی‬ ‫گھر‬ ‫آپکے‬ ‫اب‬ ‫پودا‬ ‫خوبصورت‬ ‫جائے۔منفرد‬ ‫لگایا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫کیاریوں‬ ‫میں‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫سکتا‬ ‫بن‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫زینت‬
‫اس‬
‫کے‬ ‫کھوج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫انگریڈینٹس‬ ‫ایکٹو‬ ،‫اکالئڈز‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫اندر‬ ‫کے‬ ‫پودے‬
‫سائینسی‬ ‫جدید‬ ‫اسمیں‬ ‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫طلبا‬ ‫دیگر‬ ،‫ڈالیں‬ ‫حصہ‬ ‫علم‬ ‫اہل‬ ‫لئے‬
‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫کرے‬ ‫الئسز‬ ‫انا‬ ‫اسکی‬ ‫ماہرین‬ ‫ہیں۔‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫مواقع‬ ‫کے‬ ‫تحقیقات‬
‫عام‬ ‫کو‬ ‫کرے۔علم‬ ‫حاصل‬ ‫جانکاری‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بارے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫مستقبل‬
‫پہنچایا‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫تک‬ ‫لوگوں‬

27. Propagation
• A simple seed germination protocol for Pleurospermum spp
(DC.) Cl., an endemic medicinal plant of west Himalaya has
been developed. Among the various treatments (GA3, IAA,
KNO3 and Chilling), chilling at 4 °C for 7 d was found to be
best with respect to percentage germination (55%) and
seedling survival (77.8%).
• The other treatments (GA3, IAA, KNO3) reduced the
percentage germination of the seeds as compared to
control (40%). Improved percentage germination to chilling
treatments corresponds well with natural condition where
P. angelicoides seeds are covered with snow during the
winter.

28. Value addition
Pleurospermum angelicoides.

29. Snow Lotus
The Tibetan Snow Lotus, Saussurea laniceps, is highly prized for its use in
traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for the treatment of headaches, high blood
pressure, and various other ailments. Every year at flowering time, Himalayan locals
climb above altitudes of 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) to scour the rocky mountain slopes
for it, harvesting the whole plant.

30. ‫کنول‬ ‫برفانی‬
snow lotus
‫چینی‬ ‫یا‬ ‫سنکیانگ‬ ‫صوبہ‬ ‫چینی‬
‫یہاں‬ ،‫ہے‬ ‫بڑا‬ ‫گنا‬ ‫اڑھائی‬ ‫سے‬ ‫پاکستان‬ ‫رقبہ‬ ‫کا‬ ‫ترکمانستان‬
‫میں‬ ‫پہاڑوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫یہاں‬ ‫ہیں‬ ‫رہتے‬ ‫لوگ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫نسل‬ ‫ترایغور‬ ‫ذیادہ‬
‫ہے‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫پایا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫تعداد‬ ‫کثیر‬ ‫کنول‬ ‫برفانی‬
‫میں‬ ‫ایرئے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫ہیں‬ ‫حیران‬ ‫پہ‬ ‫بات‬ ‫اس‬ ‫محققین‬ ‫اور‬
‫کا‬ ‫جگر‬ ،‫کینسر‬ ‫کا‬ ‫معدے‬ ،‫بیماری‬ ‫کی‬ ‫گوٹ‬ ،‫آرتھرائٹس‬
‫ل‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫کم‬ ‫بہت‬ ‫نسبت‬ ‫کی‬ ‫لوگوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫چائینا‬ ‫باقی‬ ‫کینسر‬
‫وگ‬
‫ہیں۔۔‬ ‫کھاتے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫پھول‬ ‫اور‬ ‫جڑ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫کنول‬ ‫برفانی‬

31. ‫کےکسی‬ ‫دیوسائی‬ ‫چھوٹی‬ ‫کو‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫دفعہ‬ ‫ایک‬ ‫نے‬ ‫میں‬
‫س‬ ‫کے‬ ‫قراقرم‬ ‫کوہ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫شگر‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫یقینا‬ ‫تھا۔‬ ‫دیکھا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بیلٹ‬
‫ائیڈ‬
‫نام‬ ‫نباتاتی‬ ‫اسے‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫پایا‬ ‫پہ‬
Saussurea involucrata
‫ایغور‬ ‫ٹریڈیشنل‬ ‫اور‬ ‫تبتی‬ ،‫چائینز‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫پکارا‬ ‫سے‬
‫دنیا‬ ‫پوری‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫اہمیت‬ ‫بڑی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫میں‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫طریقہ‬
‫کی‬ ‫پودوں‬ ‫دوچار‬ ‫سے‬ ‫معدومیت‬ ‫شدید‬ ‫کو‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫میں‬
‫پر‬ ‫پریزرویشن‬ ‫اور‬ ‫افزائش‬ ‫اسکی‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫گیا‬ ‫ڈاال‬ ‫میں‬ ‫فہرست‬
‫ہے‬ ‫ضرورت‬ ‫کی‬ ‫کام‬

32. Propagation
• SEED
• In-vitro propagation
VALUE ADDITION
• High demand
• Sexual dysfunction
• infertility

33. Please visit medicinal plants of Gilgit Baltistan
face book group for further reading

35. Amaranthus Caudatus ‫امرناتھ‬
‫۔‬

36. • ‫پودا‬ ‫کرشماتی‬ ‫ایک‬ ‫۔۔۔‬ ‫امرناتھ‬
Amaranthus caudatus
• ‫کے‬ ‫خپلو‬ ‫دنوں‬ ‫پچھلے‬ ‫ہم‬
‫الرشید‬ ‫ہارون‬ ‫کاشتکار‬ ‫کے‬ ‫پھول‬ ‫ٹیولپ‬ ‫ہمارے‬ ،‫تھے‬ ‫گئے‬ ‫ویلیج‬ ‫ٹیولپ‬ ‫ہیپی‬ ‫گاوں‬
‫لگے‬ ‫پھول‬ ‫اور‬ ‫پھل‬ ‫کے‬ ‫اقسام‬ ‫بیشمار‬ ‫میں‬ ‫باغ‬ ‫انکے‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫باذوق‬ ‫ایک‬ ‫صاحب‬
‫دیکھیں۔‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫کے‬ ‫امرناتھ‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫سائز‬ ‫بڑے‬ ‫دو‬ ‫پر‬ ‫یہیں‬ ‫۔‬ ‫ہیں‬ ‫ہوئے‬
‫گے‬ ‫دیکھیں‬ ‫آپ‬ ‫میں‬ ‫گھروں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫لوگوں‬ ‫بجا‬ ‫جا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بلتستان‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫گو‬
‫ہیں۔‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫بلکل‬ ‫لوگ‬ ‫سے‬ ‫فوائد‬ ‫مگراسکے‬
‫کے‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫میں‬ ‫دنوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫امپائر‬ ‫ازٹک‬ ، ‫ہے‬ ‫میکسیکو‬ ‫وطن‬ ‫آبائی‬ ‫کا‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫اس‬
‫دانوں‬
‫تھے۔‬ ‫سمجھتے‬ ‫دانے‬ ‫خدائی‬ ‫کو‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫آتی‬ ‫در‬ ‫میں‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫طاقت‬ ‫خدائی‬ ‫سے‬ ‫کھانے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫جس‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫فوڈ‬ ‫سپر‬ ‫ایک‬ ‫یہ‬ ‫اصل‬ ‫در‬
،‫ہے‬ ‫ذیادہ‬ ‫سے‬ ‫پودے‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫کسی‬ ‫پروٹین‬ ‫میں‬ ‫دانوں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫اس‬ ‫مطابق‬ ‫کے‬ ‫محققین‬ ‫جدید‬
‫انڈسٹری‬ ‫کاسمیٹک‬ ‫ہیں۔‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫میں‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫کافی‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫اجزا‬ ‫مفید‬ ‫دیگر‬ ‫اور‬ ‫وٹامنز‬ ‫منرلز‬
‫جاتا‬ ‫جانا‬ ‫مفید‬ ‫درجہ‬ ‫حد‬ ‫لئے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫نما‬ ‫نشو‬ ‫کی‬ ‫جلد‬ ‫اور‬ ‫بالوں‬ ‫کو‬ ‫آئل‬ ‫ایسنشل‬ ‫اسکے‬ ‫میں‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫کرتی‬ ‫ادا‬ ‫کردار‬ ‫اہم‬ ‫میں‬ ‫نورشمنٹ‬ ‫کی‬ ‫بالوں‬ ‫ایسڈ‬ ‫امینو‬ ‫نامی‬ ‫الئسین‬ ‫اندر‬ ‫اسکے‬ ‫ہے۔‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫رہی‬ ‫لوٹ‬ ‫واپس‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫کی‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫اور‬ ‫کاشت‬ ‫کی‬ ‫فصل‬ ‫قیمتی‬ ‫اس‬ ‫دوبارہ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫دنیا‬
‫ہی‬ ‫بناتے‬ ‫ساگ‬ ‫سے‬ ‫پتوں‬ ‫تازہ‬ ‫اسکے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫وادیوں‬ ‫اور‬ ‫کچھ‬ ‫اور‬ ‫شگر‬ ‫عالقہ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫بلتستان‬
‫ں۔‬
‫دیکھنے‬ ‫ذیادہ‬ ‫سے‬ ‫کھانے‬ ‫سالن‬ ‫کا‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫سرخ‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫کہا‬ ‫بولدم‬ ‫اسے‬ ‫میں‬ ‫زبان‬ ‫مقامی‬
‫ہونگی‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫میں‬ ‫اس‬ ‫دونوں‬ ‫طاقت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذائقہ‬ ‫یقینا‬ ‫اور‬ ‫ہیں‬ ‫لگتے‬ ‫دلکش‬ ‫میں‬

37. Foxtail Millet

38. Cistanche Tubulosa

39. AJUGA REPTANS

40. Capris spinosa

41. Black current ( Ribes himalayensis)

50. Thanks