James Naismith invented basketball in 1891 while teaching at a small Christian college in Massachusetts. Seeking an indoor winter activity for his students, he devised basketball - a game played between two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to score points by passing a ball through a hoop suspended 10 feet above the court. Naismith's original rules outlined the court layout, positions for five players on each team, and basic fouls and violations. Over time, basketball became a popular international team sport played at both amateur and professional levels.

1. BASKETBALL™
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2. Brief History

Born in the Ontario village of Almonte in 1861, James Naismith was a
hardworking athlete who excelled at many sports, and who chafed when
the long Canadian winter kept him from playing outdoors, resulting in
added pounds and lost strength.
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Naismith moved to Massachusetts, where he taught physical education
at a small Christian college. The winter weather of New England was no
better than that of Ontario, but the school had an assembly hall with
moveable benches and a hardwood floor. Naismith concocted a game
suited to the room’s high ceiling and rectangular plan, a game that
combined elements of soccer, football, hockey, and baseball and that
emphasized teamwork and friendly, nonviolent competition. Naismith’s
invention made use of a regulation soccer ball that, instead of being
kicked, was bounced or passed by hand from one end of the room to the
other and launched into a peach basket hung at either end—which gave
the new game its name, basketball.
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3. Basic Rules, Concepts, Court Layout,
and Player Positions

Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through
a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the
court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the midcourt line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten
seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once
the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the
ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.
Court
Layout
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4. Player Positions
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5. 
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Point guard - This player is typically the best dribbler and passer on the
team. The point guard is sometimes called the floor general, which
indicates the key role that the point guard plays.
Shooting guard - The shooting guard, also called the two guard, is
typically a team's best outside shooter on the team. This player flanks the
point guard and moves around the court to try to create some space to
take a shot that is uncontested by the opposition.
Power forward - The power forward is usually near the basket and
moves from one side of the basket to the other to try to get free from the
opposition player that is guarding him. Power forwards also are skilled
rebounders.
Small forward - The small forward is typically a better outside shooter
than a power forward and is usually smaller than a power forward.
Center - Traditionally, the center is the tallest player on the team. The
center's role is to establish a position near the basket to allow him/herself
an easy jump shot. On defense, the center attempts to block shots and
grab rebounds.
Who’s who?
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6. Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact:
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7. 
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is
traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.

Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or,
sometimes, even under the ball.
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Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking
up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
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Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the
same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action
and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.

Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward
the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard,
or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed
by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a
throw-in.
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Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they
cannot go back across the line during possession.
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Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he
does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team.
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8. Hand signals
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9. The sport of basketball is known as a fun past time for any person
young or old. Basketball is a great way of exercise and a great way
to have fun with friends and possibly make some new ones.
Basketball: It’s not just a sport
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10. Kristin May C. Ege