Four tips are provided for effective short story writing: 1. Develop a clearly defined central character who must make a life-defining decision within the first few paragraphs. 2. Give the main character an immediate desire that they constantly act toward achieving. 3. Present compelling conflicts as the bulk of the story for the character to overcome in reaching or not reaching their goals. 4. Signal some change - the character changes, the world around the character changes, or possibly the reader changes.