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Vietnam was historically under Chinese cultural influence, but European powers like France sought to colonize Vietnam in the late 19th century to access its resources and markets. France developed Vietnam's infrastructure and agriculture but also glorified French culture over Vietnamese culture in schools. Growing Vietnamese nationalism and American war fatigue led to the end of the Vietnam War and American withdrawal in 1974.
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- 17. VIETNAM AND CHINA •Vietnam was under the shadow of Chinese empire. •(i)Vietnam followed the Chinese system of government and Chinese culture. •(ii)Chinese language was the language of the educated Vietnamese people. They followed Chinese system of education. •(iii)Confucianism, a Chinese religion, had many followers in Vietnam. •(iv)Vietnam was connected to Maritime silk
- 19. FRANCE AND OTHER EUROPEAN POWERS LOOKED FOR COLONIES •Colonies were necessary due to the following reasons: •(i)They were rich in natural resources. So, they provide draw materials to European industries. •(ii)Europeans could use colonies as markets to sell their finished goods. •(iii)Europeans wanted to spread western culture in the colonies.
- 22. DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY FRANCE IN VIETNAM •The French built irrigation canals. They drained Mekong delta and encouraged rice cultivation. •They built roads and railway lines .For example :- Trans Indo China railway route. •Rubber plantation was introduced in Vietnam.
- 24. PAUL BERNARD ASKED THE FRENCH TO TAKE STEPS TO DEVELOP VIETNAM •According to Paul Bernard, colonies were acquired with the aim of making profits. •If colonies were developed, the standard of living of the people would improve.
- 25. BARRIERS TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN VIETNAM •Huge population size. •Low agricultural productivity. •Indebtedness among the
- 27. SCHOOL TEXT BOOKS •The school textbooks glorified French culture and supported French rule. •The Vietnamese were shown as primitive and backward people. •The Vietnamese could do only manual labour not intellectual labour. •The children were made to believe that only French rule could provide peace to Vietnam. •The schools forced the students to give up Vietnamese lifestyle and follow French
- 30. END OF THE WAR •(i)Common people of the U.S.A opposed their country’s involvement in the war. Movies and media showed the miseries of the American soldiers. •(ii)American forces suffered heavy damages. Many were killed in the war. •(iii)World opinion turned against the U.S. many writers and thinkers supported Vietnam. •(iv)A peace agreement was signed in January 1974 and the war ended when Saigon was