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LIFE AND LEARNING
ASSIGNMENT : ISLAM
AND MODREN SCIENCE
GROUP NO :02
PRESENTED BY : NOWAL CHOUDHRY
PRESENTED TO : SIR ISMAIL ZAHOOR
‫فتخ‬‫سئ‬
‫ولید‬‫بن‬‫عبدالملک‬‫کے‬‫دور‬‫خالفت‬ )705 ‫517تا‬ ‫میں‬‫موسئ‬‫بن‬‫نصیر‬‫کو‬‫افریکا‬‫کی‬‫گورنری‬‫ملی‬‫۔‬
‫اس‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫سپین‬‫کے‬‫مالی‬‫خالت‬‫خکمرانوں‬‫کی‬‫عیش‬‫و‬‫عیشرت‬‫سے‬‫زندگی‬‫گزادنے‬‫کے‬‫کی‬‫وجخ‬‫سے‬‫کافی‬
‫خراب‬‫حو‬‫گے‬‫اوررعایا‬‫ٹیکس‬‫کے‬‫ملبے‬‫دب‬‫چکی‬‫ھی‬‫اور‬‫ایسے‬‫میں‬‫لوگوں‬‫نے‬‫تنگ‬‫آ‬‫کر‬‫حجرت‬‫کا‬‫فیصلح‬
‫کیا‬‫اود‬‫شمالی‬‫افریکا‬‫کی‬‫طتف‬‫دوانح‬‫ھو‬‫گیے‬
• ‫افریکا‬‫کے‬‫حکمران‬‫موسئ‬‫بن‬‫نصیر‬‫کا‬‫دور‬‫اسالمی‬‫تھذیب‬‫کا‬‫دود‬‫ھا‬‫انھوں‬‫نے‬‫ا‬‫پنے‬‫ایک‬‫ساھی‬‫کو‬‫دشمن‬
‫کی‬‫فوجی‬‫طاقت‬‫کا‬‫پتخ‬‫لگانے‬‫کے‬‫لیے‬‫بھیخا‬‫اود‬‫معلوم‬‫پڑنے‬‫پے‬‫کے‬‫ماحول‬‫سازگار‬‫ھے‬‫اور‬‫جنگ‬‫کی‬‫جا‬
‫سکتی‬‫ھے‬‫تو‬‫موسئ‬‫بن‬‫نصیر‬‫نے‬‫طارق‬‫بن‬‫زید‬‫کو‬ 7000 ‫فوج‬‫کے‬‫ساھت‬‫سپین‬‫بیجھا‬‫اود‬‫وحاں‬‫ان‬‫کا‬
‫سامنا‬‫ا‬‫الکھ‬‫فوج‬‫سے‬‫ھوا‬ 3 ‫دن‬‫کے‬‫بعد‬‫طارق‬‫نے‬‫لگوں‬‫کو‬‫مائل‬‫کیا‬‫یے‬‫ان‬‫کے‬‫پیچھے‬‫سمندر‬‫ھے‬‫اود‬‫آگے‬
‫دشمن‬‫اود‬‫واپسی‬‫کا‬‫کوئ‬‫راستح‬‫نھیں‬‫اود‬‫جنگ‬‫کے‬‫دوران‬‫ان‬‫کا‬‫سامنا‬‫داڈرک‬‫سے‬‫ھوا‬‫اور‬‫جنگ‬‫فتح‬‫کر‬‫لی‬
‫گئ‬‫اود‬‫حکمران‬‫ڈر‬‫کر‬‫بھگتے‬‫ھویے‬‫ڈوب‬‫گیا‬
‫عصر‬‫وال‬‫تہ‬
‫اس‬‫دور‬‫کو‬‫اسالمی‬‫سپین‬‫میں‬‫گورنروں‬‫کا‬‫دور‬‫بھی‬‫کہا‬‫جاتا‬‫ھے‬
‫کیونکہ‬‫اس‬‫دور‬ 22 ‫گودنر‬‫اندلس‬‫میں‬‫مقرر‬‫کیے‬‫گیے‬
‫اور‬‫یہی‬‫وج‬‫ھے‬‫کہ‬‫اس‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫علم‬‫اور‬‫تہزیب‬‫میں‬‫کوئ‬‫پیش‬‫ورفت‬‫نہیں‬‫ھوئ‬
• ‫دور‬‫بنو‬‫امیہ‬
• ‫اس‬‫دورمیں‬‫عبدلرحمان‬‫بن‬‫امیہ‬‫کے‬‫بارے‬‫میں‬‫بتایا‬‫گیا‬‫ہے‬‫جس‬‫نے‬‫اپنی‬‫صالحیت‬‫کے‬‫بل‬‫بوتے‬‫پہ‬‫کم‬‫عمری‬
‫میں‬‫پورا‬‫سپین‬‫فتہح‬‫کیا‬‫وہ‬‫عباسیوں‬‫کے‬‫ظلم‬‫سے‬‫تنگ‬‫آ‬‫کر‬‫افریکا‬‫روانہ‬‫ھو‬‫گیا‬‫اور‬‫جلد‬‫ہی‬‫فتہح‬‫ھاصل‬‫ک‬‫ی‬
‫اور‬‫کل‬ 32 ‫سال‬‫حکومت‬‫کی‬
• ‫تاریح‬‫اسے‬‫عبدالرحمان‬‫الداخل‬‫کے‬‫نام‬‫سے‬‫یاد‬‫کرتی‬‫ہے‬
• ‫اس‬‫کے‬‫بعد‬‫اس‬‫کا‬‫بیٹا‬‫ہشام‬‫تہت‬‫پہ‬‫بیٹھا‬
• ‫اسالمی‬‫تہزیب‬‫کا‬‫سب‬‫سے‬‫عظیم‬‫حکمران‬‫عبدالرحمان‬‫سوم‬‫تھا‬
• ‫دور‬‫مرابطون‬
‫شمالی‬‫افریکا‬‫کے‬‫تیسرا‬‫حکمران‬‫یوسف‬‫بن‬‫تاشفین‬‫تھا‬
‫یہ‬‫دور‬‫بھی‬‫دور‬‫حالفت‬‫کے‬‫بہترین‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫سے‬‫ایک‬‫دور‬‫تھا‬
‫اود‬‫اسے‬‫امیر‬‫لمرسلین‬‫کے‬‫لقب‬‫سے‬‫نوازا‬‫گیا‬‫یوسف‬‫نے‬‫اندلسی‬‫مسلمانوں‬‫کو‬‫عیسایوں‬‫سے‬‫بچایا‬
‫س‬‫لیے‬‫بھی‬‫اہمیت‬‫دکھتا‬‫ہے‬‫کیونکہ‬‫اس‬‫کی‬‫فوج‬‫کی‬‫طاقت‬‫کا‬‫اندازا‬‫لگا‬‫کر‬‫اندلسی‬‫عیسای‬‫کافی‬‫دیر‬‫تک‬
‫ٹلے‬‫رہے‬‫اور‬‫آخر‬‫کار‬‫یوسف‬‫نے‬‫اندلس‬‫اپنے‬‫عالقے‬‫کے‬‫سکتھ‬‫منسوب‬‫کر‬‫لیا‬
‫مرابطون‬‫کا‬‫دوع‬ 54 ‫سال‬‫تک‬‫رہا‬
• ‫دور‬‫موحدون‬
• ‫مراکش‬‫میں‬ 1120 ‫میں‬‫ایک‬‫نئ‬‫تہریک‬‫شروع‬‫ہوئ‬‫جس‬‫کا‬‫بانی‬‫ابو‬‫عبدہللا‬‫محمد‬‫بن‬‫تومرت‬‫تھا‬‫جس‬‫نے‬
‫اپنی‬‫من‬‫گھڑک‬‫دعوے‬‫کے‬‫بل‬‫بوتے‬‫پے‬‫لگوں‬‫پر‬‫روعب‬‫اور‬‫اسر‬‫رکھا‬‫ہوا‬‫تھا‬‫اور‬‫وہ‬‫اس‬‫وجہ‬‫سے‬‫افریکہ‬
‫کی‬‫ایک‬‫عظیم‬‫قوت‬‫بن‬‫چکا‬‫تھا‬‫اس‬‫کے‬‫مریدین‬‫موحدون‬‫کہالتے‬‫تھے‬
• ‫اس‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫ایک‬‫بار‬‫پھر‬‫اندلس‬‫پر‬‫مسلمانوں‬‫کی‬‫حکمرانی‬‫ان‬‫کے‬‫ہاتھ‬‫سے‬‫چھین‬‫لی‬‫گئ‬‫اود‬‫اندلس‬‫ایک‬‫بار‬
‫پھر‬‫طواعف‬‫الملوکی‬‫میں‬‫گھر‬‫گیا‬‫جو‬‫جو‬ 1232 ‫تک‬‫رہا‬
• ‫دور‬‫ننو‬‫نصر‬
• ‫یہ‬‫وہ‬‫دور‬‫تھا‬‫جب‬‫اندلس‬‫کے‬‫مسلمانوں‬‫پہ‬‫زوال‬‫شروع‬‫ہوا‬
• 1423 ‫سے‬‫زوال‬‫شروع‬‫ہوا‬‫جو‬ 1492 ‫تک‬‫جاری‬‫رہا‬
• ‫اس‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫مسلمانوں‬‫پہ‬‫مظالم‬‫ڈھاے‬‫گے‬‫اور‬‫سپین‬‫سے‬‫مکمل‬‫طور‬‫پر‬‫حاتمہ‬‫ہو‬‫گیا‬
• ‫اسالمی‬‫سپین‬‫کے‬‫ساسیسندان‬
• ‫سپین‬‫بہت‬‫سے‬‫ساینسدان‬‫اور‬‫تعلیمی‬‫ادارے‬‫اور‬‫یونیورسٹی‬‫کی‬‫سجی‬‫سے‬‫حیسیت‬‫رکھتا‬‫ہے‬
• ‫اندلس‬‫کی‬‫تمدنی‬‫زندگی‬‫کے‬‫پیچھے‬‫عظیم‬‫ساینسدانوں‬‫کا‬‫ہی‬‫ہاتھ‬‫ہے‬‫ان‬‫مسلمانوں‬‫نے‬‫علم‬‫کو‬‫صرف‬‫اسالم‬‫تک‬
‫ہی‬‫محدود‬‫نہیں‬‫رکھا‬‫بلکہ‬‫تمام‬‫مذہب‬‫کے‬‫لیے‬‫علم‬‫کے‬‫دروازے‬‫کھلے‬‫رکھے‬
‫اسالمی‬‫سپین‬‫کا‬‫علمی‬‫اور‬‫فنی‬‫ارتکا‬
‫اسالمی‬‫سپین‬‫کے‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫نہ‬‫صرف‬‫مذہب‬‫پر‬‫بلکہ‬‫ساینسی‬‫علوم‬‫پہ‬‫بھی‬‫کافی‬‫توجہ‬‫دی‬‫گئ‬
‫علم‬‫کا‬‫کام‬‫ہر‬‫دور‬‫میں‬‫ہوتا‬‫رہا‬‫اور‬‫مہتلف‬‫کتابیں‬‫جمع‬‫کرنی‬‫شروع‬‫کر‬‫دی‬‫اس‬‫حوالے‬‫سے‬‫عبدالرحمان‬‫سوم‬‫کا‬
‫دور‬‫سب‬‫سے‬‫ذیادہ‬‫اہمیت‬‫رکھتا‬‫ہے‬‫جب‬‫اندلسی‬‫مسلمانوں‬‫کو‬‫مکمل‬‫اذادی‬‫حاصل‬‫ہوئ‬‫تو‬‫انہوں‬‫نے‬‫علم‬‫عقلیہ‬‫پر‬
‫کھل‬‫کے‬‫تحقیق‬‫شروع‬‫کی‬‫اور‬‫تعلیم‬‫اس‬‫قدر‬‫عام‬‫ہوئ‬‫کہ‬‫شرخ‬‫حواندگی‬‫سو‬‫فیصد‬‫تک‬‫پہنچ‬‫گی‬‫جب‬‫لوگ‬‫پڑھنا‬
‫لکھنا‬‫نہیں‬‫جانتے‬‫تھے‬‫اندلس‬‫کی‬‫الیبریری‬‫اس‬‫دور‬‫کی‬‫بڑی‬‫اور‬‫اہمیت‬‫زدہ‬‫الیبریری‬‫تھی‬
Presentation by nawal

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Presentation by nawal