The document discusses several challenges facing literature today: 1. Vernacular communication through technologies like phones and social media is spreading to areas printed text cannot, requiring literature to adapt. Writers may struggle to protect works from piracy but could add value through innovative publishing. 2. The core audience for print is aging faster than the population. As print and newspapers decline, young writers have few places to train and make money through experimental works. 3. Barriers to publishing have decreased, enabling a huge volume of low-quality textual expression. Algorithms and social media are replacing the work of editors and publishers, with networked social texts replacing individually authored works. Literary distinction between media is blurring as books become a minor

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OF PAPER

3. ¼ ?

4. YES 1/4

5. ARE YOU
READY?

6. TRUE OR FALSE. WRITE “LAYLA” YOUR ANSWER IS TRUE, WRITE “ALDOUS” IF YOUR ANSWER
IS FALSE. (2pts each.)
1. Vernacular means of everyday communication cellphones, social networks, streaming
video are moving into areas where printed text cannot follow. It means that Literature
requires an intense and focused mastery of one specific language, whereas seems to
contort works into their simplest form (movies, comics, commercials).
2. Means of book promotion, distribution and retail destabilized. It means that writers may
no longer be able to protect their work from piracy, but that doesn’t mean there aren’t
ways to add value to writing once again by adopting publishing methods that actively
resist duplication.
3. Core demographic for printed media is aging faster than the general population. Failure of
print and newspapers is disenfranchising young apprentice writers. Where Fiction writers
have no place to train these days, and very few ways to make money while writing the
experimental novels and short stories that help them find their voices.

7. FILL IN THE BLANKS.
_________1. The major contribution of this literature has been their
exploration of societal standards. Pioneer of such is Jane Austen whose works
repeatedly explored the standards set for women, typically being marriage and
gentility. Her works explored vanity of societal rules in the Victorian England.
_________2. There is a large literature group that shares the same beliefs. As
others. This can be anything from religious beliefs, racial, natural, linguistics, or
cultural heritage. The member of the ethnic literature group must speak the
same language as everyone else in the group.
_________3. It means prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against
other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity.

8. • Long tail balkanizes audiences, disrupts means of
canon-building and fragments literary reputation.
• Digital public-domain transforms traditional literary
heritage into a huge, cost-free, portable, searchable
database, radically transforming the reader’s relationship
to belle-lettres.
• Contemporary literature not confronting issues of
general urgency; dominant best-sellers are in former
niche genres such as fantasies, romances and teen
books.

9. • Barriers to publication entry have crashed, enabling huge torrent
of subliterary and/or nonliterary textual expression.
• Algorithms and social media replacing work of editors and
publishing houses; network socially-generated texts replacing
individually-authored texts.
• “Convergence culture” obliterating former distinctions between
media; books becoming one minor aspect of huge tweet/ blog/
comics/ games / soundtrack/ television / cinema / ancillary-
merchandise pro-fan franchises.

10. • Unstable computer and cellphone interfaces becoming
world’s primary means of cultural access. Compositor
systems remake media in their own hybrid creole image.
• Academic education system suffering severe bubble-
inflation.

11. ESSAY.
In your own perspective,
what is the biggest issues
and challenges that
literature is facing from
the past up to present?