The document provides guidance on creating an effective daily practice routine to improve musical skills more efficiently. It recommends structuring practice into 45-minute sessions with breaks in between, focusing on areas like technique, exercises, and pieces. Sample routines split practice into warmups, technical work, sight reading, and flexibility exercises. The importance of setting short, medium, and long term goals is also discussed.

1. Creating a Daily Practice Routine
By Nick Etheridge
How to use your practice time more efficiently
Introduction
It is a cold hard fact that to become a successful performer in any discipline involves years of dedicated
practice. There are no shortcuts. To become the best we can a structured and disciplined practice
routine is an essential tool for optimum progress and efficient use of time. Unstructured practice
routines lead to poor results, frustration and de-motivation.
The art of practice is a skill that all musicians should develop. This essay is not intended to tell you WHAT
to practice but HOW to structure your time and help you build a practice which will lead to faster
improvement.
What is Effective Practice?
Effective practice is the regular investment of time dedicated to the improving our performance. This is
not warming up or just playing, it is a methodical and functional approach to how we improve our
instrumental and musical skills.
Effective practice includes:
1. The ability to realistically assess one’s own musical standard
2. Consolidation and improving technical instrumental skills
3. Identification of problems areas and finding solutions
4. Preparation of music for performance and development of musicality.
Instrumental skills include the daily practice of the core skills including sound quality, articulation,
rhythm, flexibility, scales, sight reading and as the performer advances more advanced work like
multiple tonguing and the development of musicality and style.
Take great care not to obsess on only one aspect of your playing while practicing as this will upset the
fine balance of your instrumental skills and performance.

2. Structure and Time Management
Time is our most valuable commodity and we must utilise it to our best ability. It is of critical importance
that structured practice time is allocated by the performer which is committed to. We are all creatures
of habit and establishing regular and positive practice patterns is critical to success.
It is generally considered that practice should be based around multiples of 45 minutes sessions for
optimum productivity and concentration. After each session the mind needs to rest or engage in a
different activity so when practice resumes the mind is fresh and alert.
All performers should develop a realistic awareness of their abilities on their instrument. This should be
a regular and comprehensive audit of both strengths and weaknesses. By doing so it is possible to
identify the areas that need development and create a structured practice routine for optimum
improvement.
Preparation – warm up
The first session of the day should be preceded by a short preparatory warm up of easy stretches, simple
breathing exercises that prepare the body for the day’s work. Some musicians also include a short
period of buzzing on the mouthpiece, slow low tones or simple melodies like a hymn tune.
Daily Practice Routine – Content
Write down and stick to a structured schedule. This should be supervised by the student’s teacher and
strictly adhered to for a determined period of several 3-5 weeks before reflection and modification
anything less will not give a good indication of real progress.
Sample practice schedule:
Warm Up
Session One
0-15 mins Technical Work – i.e. Long notes, low tones and articulation
15-30 mins Study or Piece
30-45 mins Scales and Arpeggios and Flexibilities
Rest
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3. Session Two
0-15 mins Pieces or Study
15-30 mins Technical work
30-45 mins Sight reading
Rest
Session Three
0-15 mins Technical Work
15-30 mins Sight reading
30-45 mins Technical Work, including high register work
Rest
Resting
After each practice session it is important to rest. 10-15 minutes rest should be sufficient to rest the
muscles involved in playing as well as restoring focus to the mind so
Always stick to your structured plan and avoid patchwork and undisciplined practice. If concentration
wanders have a short 5 minute break away from the instrument then return to the work with renewed
focus and discipline.
Session Four (or the last session of the day)
The last session of the day can be used to either return an area that need more work like a piece, sight
reading or an aspect of technique that need development . Part of this time can be used to just play for
fun.
It is also very important to end the days’ work feeling positive. It is better to end sooner when you are
playing well than just keeping going for the sake of it and tail off on a negative or frustrated note. You
will then be motivated and feeling positive to continue the following day.
Warm Down
The last session of the day should include a short 5 minute warm down to relax and ‘cool down’ the
muscles of the face and prepare for the next day’s session. Many brass players warm down with low
pedal tones or even slow legato hymn tunes.
It is healthy to have one day off a week to rest the muscles of the face..
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4. Setting Goals
Setting and working towards goals is crucial for improvement. General musical aims are vague but
setting tangible and specific goals is a powerful motivational tool. Writing down your goals sticking to
them!
There are three types of goal that should be set and frequently revised.
1. Short Term
These are weekly or monthly objectives like learning a particular study or new work for
performance
2. Medium Term
This include improvements in technical aspects of performance like improving sound or technique
or recital or audition preparation and worked at methodically over a period of six months or a year.
3. Long Term
Long term goals are ultimate objectives like winning a job or position and employment as a
professional performer or even soloist. These can be goals for 3-5 years in the future.
Patience and Perseverance
Patience and perseverance is vital ingredient to improvement. We are all hungry for results but must
avoid the temptation to assess our performance obsessively on either an hourly, weekly or for some
areas even monthly basis. Results must be judged over the longer term in the context of the goals we
have set for ourselves.
Many musicians find it very useful having a daily chart or practice journal to log both the time spent per
day and what has been worked on during that period (even a simple spread sheet is highly effective).
This is also an excellent motivational tool and encourages continuity and consistency once dedicated
practice routine has been started.
Conclusion
Mastering a musical instrument is a ‘disciple’ similar in many ways to dance, sport or even the martial
arts requiring dedication, intelligence and self control. The techniques laid out above will help bring
structure to your work and speed up your own musical journey, the pace of which will be determined by
the quality of your practice and the goals that you set for yourself. Ultimately if you follow these sound
principles you will maximise your potential.
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