The rapid growth of nanotechnology has led to the development of many devices with advanced characteristics such as high frequencies Gunn diodes, transistors, nano-antennas etc. Nano-antenna applications are numerous and encompass a variety of fields such as broadband communications, imaging, sensing, energy harvesting, and disease diagnosis. In this research paper, A novel T-shaped nano-antenna was designed and its resonant frequency was analysed. Moreover, parametric investigation had been performed to figure out the effects of T-shaped nano-antenna on Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) material. The momentum model in Advanced Design System (ADS) software was used to simulate the novel T-shaped nano-antenna and the results were directly compared to other nano-antennas. Initial results suggests that the T-shaped nano-antenna had a higher bandwidth and smaller geometrical size when compared to the other nano-antenna at Terahertz frequency.
T- Shape Antenna Design for Microwave Band Applications IJEEE
It’s been studied fractal antennas shows promising future. There are numerous kinds of antenna, the thirst for excelling in this area is ever increasing. In this paper a Fractal based Antenna is designed to achieve reduced size and multiband. Fractal antenna is simulated using EM wave simulator like HFSS (High frequency structured simulator) and is designed and developed for multiple applications. The proposed antenna is experimentally realized using FR Epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness h= 1.56 mm with coaxial feeding. The patch has the dimensions of 2.5 cm 2.5 cm. An experimental result of this antenna shows multiband characteristics having resonances at frequencies such as 2.4 GHz , 6.8 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.2 GHz,15.4 GHz with bandwidth of 230 MHz, 2 GHz, 600 MHz, 870 MHz and 2 GHz respectively. Further VSWR is also studied in this paper.
Wideband Rod-Dipole Antenna with a Modified Feed for DTV Signal ReceptionSaou-Wen Su
A wideband rod-dipole antenna with a modified feed for DTV signal reception in the 470-862-MHz UHF band is presented. The antenna consists of two retractable rod-dipole arms, which are connected to the opposite top corners of the modified feed. The feed is in the shape of a rectangle with dimensions 20 mm × 40 mm and divided into two portions by a U slit. The antenna can generate nearby resonant modes to attain a wide operating band, exceeding 60% bandwidth with VSWR below 3, much larger than that of the conventional center-fed dipole antenna. In addition, with the two dipole arms designed at the production stage to be able to swivel around, the antenna radiation and polarization thereof can easily be adjusted for better DTV signal reception without moving the whole antenna structure.
T- Shape Antenna Design for Microwave Band Applications IJEEE
It’s been studied fractal antennas shows promising future. There are numerous kinds of antenna, the thirst for excelling in this area is ever increasing. In this paper a Fractal based Antenna is designed to achieve reduced size and multiband. Fractal antenna is simulated using EM wave simulator like HFSS (High frequency structured simulator) and is designed and developed for multiple applications. The proposed antenna is experimentally realized using FR Epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness h= 1.56 mm with coaxial feeding. The patch has the dimensions of 2.5 cm 2.5 cm. An experimental result of this antenna shows multiband characteristics having resonances at frequencies such as 2.4 GHz , 6.8 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.2 GHz,15.4 GHz with bandwidth of 230 MHz, 2 GHz, 600 MHz, 870 MHz and 2 GHz respectively. Further VSWR is also studied in this paper.
Wideband Rod-Dipole Antenna with a Modified Feed for DTV Signal ReceptionSaou-Wen Su
A wideband rod-dipole antenna with a modified feed for DTV signal reception in the 470-862-MHz UHF band is presented. The antenna consists of two retractable rod-dipole arms, which are connected to the opposite top corners of the modified feed. The feed is in the shape of a rectangle with dimensions 20 mm × 40 mm and divided into two portions by a U slit. The antenna can generate nearby resonant modes to attain a wide operating band, exceeding 60% bandwidth with VSWR below 3, much larger than that of the conventional center-fed dipole antenna. In addition, with the two dipole arms designed at the production stage to be able to swivel around, the antenna radiation and polarization thereof can easily be adjusted for better DTV signal reception without moving the whole antenna structure.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Optimization for Wireles...ijsrd.com
In this paper, design of conventional Rectangular patch Microstrip antenna has been proposed and its performance is analyzed. The design parameters of antenna are selected to achieve compact dimensions as well as best possible characteristics such as high gain, increased bandwidth with minimum return loss. Hence improved design has been demonstrated over elementary one. These antennas have been designed at 2.4GHz which enables its usage in wireless communication domain such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The antenna design and performance are analyzed using Ansoft HFSS software. These antennas can be used for many wireless communication systems.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Review: Dual Band Microstrip Antennas for Wireless ApplicationsIJAAS Team
In this manuscript, a review of dual band microstrip antennas for wireless communication is presented. This review manuscript discusses regarding the geometric structures, different methods of analysis for antenna characteristics, and different types of wireless applications.
Design and Implementation of A VHF Tri Loop Antenna for 2 Meter Amateur Bandijtsrd
This paper presents the design and implementation of a triangular loop antenna using aluminum tubing of diameter 10mm with high electrical conductivity and reflecting ability. The antenna operates in very high frequency VHF band covering a frequency range of 140 to 150MHz. It has a gain of 3 dB and a radius of coverage of about 100 kilometers. It was constructed as a prototype antenna and tested at the author home base QTH with grid locator of PK23CO, where signals from DW4PGS, DW4PLN, DW4GSV, and DV4RBC were received with sharp audible sound Q5 and full signal strength S9 . Better receptions were recorded for PD03, KB912 19, and KB951 -B157 on days with good propagation. Measurement result shows that the proposed antenna can work properly and meet well to be used in as reliable low cost homebrew effective VHF wide band antenna and it is an omnidirectional antenna. Dexter M. Toyado "Design and Implementation of A VHF Tri-Loop Antenna for 2-Meter Amateur Band" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28120.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/28120/design-and-implementation-of-a-vhf-tri-loop-antenna-for-2-meter-amateur-band/dexter-m-toyado
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Optimization for Wireles...ijsrd.com
In this paper, design of conventional Rectangular patch Microstrip antenna has been proposed and its performance is analyzed. The design parameters of antenna are selected to achieve compact dimensions as well as best possible characteristics such as high gain, increased bandwidth with minimum return loss. Hence improved design has been demonstrated over elementary one. These antennas have been designed at 2.4GHz which enables its usage in wireless communication domain such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The antenna design and performance are analyzed using Ansoft HFSS software. These antennas can be used for many wireless communication systems.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Review: Dual Band Microstrip Antennas for Wireless ApplicationsIJAAS Team
In this manuscript, a review of dual band microstrip antennas for wireless communication is presented. This review manuscript discusses regarding the geometric structures, different methods of analysis for antenna characteristics, and different types of wireless applications.
Design and Implementation of A VHF Tri Loop Antenna for 2 Meter Amateur Bandijtsrd
This paper presents the design and implementation of a triangular loop antenna using aluminum tubing of diameter 10mm with high electrical conductivity and reflecting ability. The antenna operates in very high frequency VHF band covering a frequency range of 140 to 150MHz. It has a gain of 3 dB and a radius of coverage of about 100 kilometers. It was constructed as a prototype antenna and tested at the author home base QTH with grid locator of PK23CO, where signals from DW4PGS, DW4PLN, DW4GSV, and DV4RBC were received with sharp audible sound Q5 and full signal strength S9 . Better receptions were recorded for PD03, KB912 19, and KB951 -B157 on days with good propagation. Measurement result shows that the proposed antenna can work properly and meet well to be used in as reliable low cost homebrew effective VHF wide band antenna and it is an omnidirectional antenna. Dexter M. Toyado "Design and Implementation of A VHF Tri-Loop Antenna for 2-Meter Amateur Band" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28120.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/28120/design-and-implementation-of-a-vhf-tri-loop-antenna-for-2-meter-amateur-band/dexter-m-toyado
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
Similar to PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL T-SHAPED NANO-ANTENNA ON DIAMOND LIKE CARBON MATERIAL (20)
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL T-SHAPED NANO-ANTENNA ON DIAMOND LIKE CARBON MATERIAL
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2016.2102 15
PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND
CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL T-SHAPED
NANO-ANTENNA ON DIAMOND LIKE CARBON
MATERIAL
Ahmad Bahar 1
, Mohamed Ismaeel Maricar2
, Richard3
Cross Emerging Technologies Research Centre
De Montfort University Leicester,UK
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanotechnology has led to the development of many devices with advanced
characteristics such as high frequencies Gunn diodes, transistors, nano-antennas etc. Nano-antenna
applications are numerous and encompass a variety of fields such as broadband communications, imaging,
sensing, energy harvesting, and disease diagnosis. In this research paper, A novel T-shaped nano-antenna
was designed and its resonant frequency was analysed. Moreover, parametric investigation had been
performed to figure out the effects of T-shaped nano-antenna on Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) material.
The momentum model in Advanced Design System (ADS) software was used to simulate the novel T-shaped
nano-antenna and the results were directly compared to other nano-antennas. Initial results suggests that
the T-shaped nano-antenna had a higher bandwidth and smaller geometrical size when compared to the
other nano-antenna at Terahertz frequency.
Index Terms
T-shaped antenna, resonant frequency, diamond like carbon material and bandwidth.
1.INTRODUCTION
Antennas are widely used in low frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum, but recently
nano-antennas have been explored up to visible range [1][2][3]. There is a wide range of antenna
forms that are able to accommodate the stated operating frequency or may be scaled
correspondingly for recommended operation.[4][5][6][7].
On the other hand, a greater number of designs feature a wide surface space which may not
proper for suitable applications, while a few designs may not be appropriate because of the
bandwidth limitations. [8]. Accordingly, the main objective for the present design was to resolve
a compact nano-antenna which can provide the recommended impedance and gain achievement
over frequency [1 THz−5 THz].
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
16
The design of an antenna working at optical frequencies is not a straightforward task, due to the
inherent nature of the optical radiation and to the dispersive properties of the materials in such a
frequency range. Following the previous works by Alu´ and Engheta [9][10][11], from an electrical
engineering perspective, a possible way to design nano-antennas consists in adapting the concepts
commonly used at radio and microwave frequencies to the design of optical nano-antennas.
Such an approach has been successfully employed in the case of simple nano-antennas,such as
the nano-dipoles and nanodimers [9][10][11], this is also applicable for more complex radiators,
such as the bowtie[12], the spiral [13], and the Yagi-Uda[14] antennas.
The concept of the design was to realise a radiating device which is able to generate several
resonances in the operating spectrum to obtain ultra-wideband performance. The proposed nano-
antenna has a novel T-shaped that is capable of preserving a low profile and fitting in a tiny
area and gaining resonances for wideband performance at the same time. The following stage of
the design was to focus on further improvements for the overall performance. Section III will
focus on the major steps for enhancing the propsed T-shaped nano-antenna on DLC substance
by utilising momentum model in Advanced Design System (ADS)[15]. The structure was
designed to achieve the circular polarisation in terahertz frequencies. The novel T-shaped nano-
antenna was found to have higher bandwidth and return loss when compared to the other nano-
antennas[16][17][18].
2.NANO-ANTENNA BACKGROUND
Antennas are vital devices in modern day communications. The first era of antennas began from
the first test of an antenna done by Marconi in 1897. He sent the world’s first ever wireless
communication over Bristol Channel and sent a Morse code from Flat Holm Island to
Lavernock Point in Penarth (a distance of 3.7 miles).
Antennas at that time were wires which were used for transmitting and receiving radio waves.
Later in 1992 [19],researchers improved the design of microwaves antennas which facilitated the
production of a variety of new structures (e.g. microstrips, apertures, phased-array radars)[20])
which had reduced size as this depends on the wavelength of the frequency in question.
The normal size of antennas working in radio and microwave frequencies starts from a hundred
metres to a few millimetres[21]. Shrinking antennas below this range (ie. into the nanoscale) is
the area of focus for this work. Consequently, these devices operate in the optical regime are
also known as optical antennas.
Until the tools and methods were developed to fabricate devices at the nanoscale scale (largely
within the semiconductor industry), it is only now that the capabilities and potential applications
of nanoantennas can be truly explored [22]. Nanotechnology can be defined as the utilisation of
scientific knowledge to design, fabricate, control and use matter at the nanometer scale (about
1100 nm). At this scale size, different characteristics and phenomena can emerge[23] and it is
also applicable to microwave antennas to some extent.
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
17
3.DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A T-SHAPED NANOANTENNAS
A schematic view of the T-shaped nano-antenna is illustrated in figure 1 and 2. The nano-antenna
has three layers; ground plate, dielectric medium, and the metallisation layer. The metallisation
layer has a T-shaped with an inner length of L, thickness of T with a sectorial angle θ, the apex
corner of the nano-antenna is straight fed from a 50 Ohm micro-strip line.
The structure of the nano-antenna can be fabricated on a dielectric substrate with a thickness of H
and a relative permittivity sr . Using the electromagnetic package in ADS, the structure design
was analysed by setting it up as a momentum model. Special care was conducted in choosing
the mesh size to obtain sensible results and it is one of the specification for the high frequency
antenna. In practise, the mesh size was limited by the available desktop computer. The nano-
antennas were analysed on DLC material with a thickness of 100 nm and a relative permittivity
of 2.615. The 50 Ω microstrip line had a width W of 60 nm and these were calculated by
using the
ADS (line calculator). It was founded that by reducing the inner length L of the T-shaped nano-
antenna, the resonant frequency was increased. The T-shaped nano antennas had superior
performance over the bowtie antenna and it had a higher Q. In practical terms, it is difficult
to calculate the length of a T-shaped nano antenna for a particular resonant frequency.
Separate work was carried out and polynomial equations relating to radius and internal angle
for the nano antennas were obtained. The simulated result for a T-shaped nano antenna
having an inner length of 400 nm and sectorial angle of 60 degree is shown in figure 3. The
simulated results show that the T-shaped antenna was resonating at 1.3 THz and 3.3 THz
with a operational bandwidth of more than 100% performs significantly better than the
traditional nano-antenna. Simulated gain and directivity performance for T-shaped nano
antenna is shown in figure 4, which shows that a gain of 1.8 dBi at 1.3 THz and 1.1 dBi at
3.3 THz and it has almost flat response thought out the majority of the frequency. A typical
radiation pattern for the novel T-shaped nano-antenna is shown in figure 5 . The antennas
were designed to radiate in broad side i.e. perpendicular to the axis of the patch. The main
beam is sharp between 90◦ and 270◦ while minimum in between 0◦ and 180◦. Figure 6
verifies the designed antennas directivity. Figure 7 shows even more precise graph of radiation
pattern shown by Electro Magnetic Design Solver, which is an extension of ADS.
Fig. 1. Schematic view of the T-shaped nano-antennas (top-view)
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
18
Fig. 2. Schematic view of the T-shaped nano-antennas (angular-view)
Fig. 3. Simulated return loss response of the designed T-Shaped nano-antennas
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
19
Fig. 4. Gain and directivity of the T-shaped nano-antenna
Fig. 5. Front view of 3D directivity pattern
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
20
Fig. 6. Opposite view of 3D directivity pattern
Fig. 7. 3D Radiation Pattern in EMDS
4.CONCLUSION
This paper describes a novel T-shaped nano-antenna on DLC material. The novel T-shaped nano-antenna
was designed and analysed by using momentum model in ADS software and the simulations results were
directly compared with other nano-antennas. The results indicate that the novel T-shaped nano-antenna had
a smaller physical size and higher bandwidth when compared to the other nano-antennas at terahertz
frequency.
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
21
REFERENCES
[1] Javad N Farahani, Hans-Ju¨rgen Eisler, Dieter W Pohl, Michae¨l Pavius, Philippe Flu¨ckiger, Philippe
Gasser, and Bert Hecht. Bow-tie optical antenna probes for single-emitter scanning near-field optical
microscopy. Nanotechnology, 18(12):125506, 2007.
[2] Alberto G Curto, Giorgio Volpe, Tim H Taminiau, Mark P Kreuzer, Romain Quidant, and Niek F van
Hulst. Unidirectional emission of a quantum dot coupled to a nanoantenna. Science, 329(5994):930–
933, 2010.
[3] TH Taminiau, FD Stefani, FB Segerink, and NF Van Hulst. Optical antennas direct single-molecule
emission. Nature Photonics, 2(4):234– 237, 2008.
[4] AA Lestari, AG Yarovoy, and LP Ligthart. An efficient ultra-wideband bow-tie antenna. In
Microwave Conference, 2001. 31st European, pages 1–4. IEEE, 2001.
[5] Ben Allen, Mischa Dohler, Ernest Okon, Wasim Malik, Anthony Brown, and David Edwards. Ultra
wideband antennas and propagation for communications, radar and imaging. John Wiley & Sons,
2006.
[6] Yan-Lin Chen, Cheng-Li Ruan, and Lin Peng. A novel ultra-wideband bow-tie slot antenna in
wireless communication systems. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, 1:101–108, 2008.
[7] Katsuki Kiminami, Akimasa Hirata, and Toshiyuki Shiozawa. Double-sided printed bow-tie antenna
for uwb communications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 1(3):152–153, 2004.
[8] Manas Sarkar, Santanu Dwari, and Anitha Daniel. Compact printed monopole antenna for ultra-
wideband application with dual band- notched characteristic. Microwave and Optical Technology
Letters, 55(11):2595–2600, 2013.
[9] Andrea Alu and Nader Engheta. Tuning the scattering response of optical nanoantennas with
nanocircuit loads. Nature photonics, 2(5):307–310, 2008.
[10] Andrea Alu` and Nader Engheta. Input impedance, nanocircuit loading, and radiation tuning of
optical nanoantennas. Physical review letters, 101(4):043901, 2008.
[11] Andrea Alu` and Nader Engheta. A hertzian plasmonic nanodimer as an efficient optical
nanoantenna. arXiv preprint arXiv:0807.1783, 2008.
[12] Hongcang Guo, Todd P Meyrath, Thomas Zentgraf, Na Liu, Liwei Fu, Heinz Schweizer, and Harald
Giessen. Optical resonances of bowtie slot antennas and their geometry and material dependence.
Optics express, 16(11):7756–7766, 2008.
[13] Ranjan Singh, Carsten Rockstuhl, Christoph Menzel, Todd P Meyrath, Mingxia He, Harald Giessen,
Falk Lederer, and Weili Zhang.Spiral-type terahertz antennas and the manifestation of the mushiake
principle. Optics express, 17(12):9971–9980, 2009.
[14] Davide Ramaccia, Filiberto Bilotti, Alessandro Toscano, Alessandro Massaro, and Roberto
Cingolani. Electrical and radiation properties of a horn nano-antenna at near infrared frequencies. In
Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on, pages 2407–2410.
IEEE, 2011.
[15] Agilent. Advanced Design System (ADS) Tutorial, 2009.
[16] Shailesh Raut and Aldo Petosa. A compact printed bowtie antenna for ultra-wideband applications.
In Microwave Conference, 2009.EuMC 2009. European, pages 081–084. IEEE, 2009.
[17] HaiWen Liu, Hao Jiang, Xuehui Guan, JiuHuai Lei, and Shen Li. Single-feed slotted bowtie antenna
for triband applications. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, 12:1658–1661, 2013.
[18] A Thabet, Adel Z El Dein, and A Hassan. Design of compact microstrip bandpass filter by using new
nano-composite materials. In Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC), 2011 IEEE 4th International,
pages 1–2. IEEE, 2011.
[19] David M Pozar and Daniel H Schaubert. Microstrip antennas: the analysis and design of microstrip
antennas and arrays. John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
[20] Constantine A Balanis. Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[21] Q-Han Park. Optical antennas and plasmonics. Contemporary Physics, 50(2):407–423, 2009.
[22] Palash Bharadwaj, Bradley Deutsch, and Lukas Novotny. Optical antennas. Advances in Optics and
Photonics, 1(3):438–483, 2009.
8. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
22
[23] Thomas P.J. Linsinger, Gert Roebben, Conxita Solans, and Roland Ramsch. Reference materials for
measuring the size of nanoparticles.TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30(1):18 – 27, 2011.
Characterization, Analysis and Risks of Nanomaterials in Environmental and Food Samples.