Pre-existing illnesses refer to medical conditions that existed prior to purchasing health insurance. Insurance companies typically have long waiting periods, such as 2-5 years, before covering expenses related to pre-existing illnesses. Without insurance, treatment costs for illnesses like diabetes that develop before purchasing insurance would not be covered during the waiting period. It is important for applicants to disclose any known pre-existing medical conditions upfront, as failure to do so could jeopardize future claims. Coverage for pre-existing illnesses varies by policy but may include waiting periods, exclusions, or extra premiums.