The document explains the concept of presupposition, which refers to assumptions implied in sentences that are often taken for granted. It distinguishes between presupposition and entailment, providing examples of different types of presuppositions, including factual, lexical, existential, structural, non-factive, and counterfactual presuppositions. Overall, it emphasizes the nuanced understanding of underlying assumptions in communication.

1. Presupposition
Ahmad Latif Arrofiq ( 2020205042 )
Intan Azzahra Putri ( 2020205040 )

2. WHAT IS PRESUPPOSITION?
Prepresupposition comes from the verb to
presuppose, which means to suppose
beforehand (pre-suspect or temporary
conjecture), in the sense that before the
speaker or author teaches something, he
already has a previous conjecture about
the interlocutor or the one being talked
about.

3. Presupposition Based on Expert
01 YAN HUANG
03 Louise Cummings
02 George Yule
04 Nababan

4. EXAMPLE OF PRESUPPOSITION
Abdul : I bought a new book with 50% discount yesterday
Fulan : You bought it on PS right?

5. Difference Between Entailment &
Presupposition
***

6. Entailment
Entailment is the relationship between two
sentences where if one sentence is true, then
the other sentence must also be true.
For example, the sentence "John bought a
car" entails the sentence "There is a car
that was bought by John," because if John
bought a car, then there must be a car that
he bought.

7. Presupposition
● Prepresupposition is an assumption that is implied in a
sentence that is usually taken for granted without being
consciously realized by the speaker or listener.
Example : "John no longer has a car"
* presupposes that John previously had a car. So, even
though the sentence says that John no longer has a car, the
implied assumption is that he had a car before

8. Potential Presupposition
The following is factual prepresuppositional
speech
data taken from comments by Instagram
netizens.
"It's been defended by a great lawyer and
rich."
1. Factual Presupposition
Factive prepresuppositions are
Prepresuppositions that are believed
to
be a fact. The use Of verbs such as
know, realize, regret, aware,
surprise, and happy, has an active
prepresupposition.
Example
Type

9. Type & example presupposition
The following is factual prepresuppositional
speech
data taken from comments by Instagram
netizens.
“ Why does every case have to be cosplay
Ustad anyway ”
2. Lexical Presupposition
Lexical prepresupposition is
understood
as a form of prepresupposition when
the
Meaning stated conventionally is
interpreted with the
prepresupposition
that another meaning (which is
not stated) is understood.
Example
Type

10. Type & example presupposition
My mother’s dress is dirty’
(>> my mother exists and that she has a
dress)
3. Existential Presupposition
It is the assumption assumed to be
committed to the existence of the
entities names by the speaker and
assumed to be present in the noun
phrase.
Example
Type
* Note : Using the symbol “>>” to mean “presupposes” either in positive
and negative sentences

11. Type & example presupposition
When did he leave?
(>> he left)
4. Structural Presupposition
It is the assumption associated with
the use of certain words and phrase
and assumed to be true, for example,
WH question construction in English
are conventionally interpreted with
the prepresupposition that the
information after the WH- form is
already known to be case.
Example
Type

12. Type & example presupposition
I dream that I was rich
(>> I was not rich)
We imagine that we were in Hawaii
(>> you are not in Hawaii)
5.Non- Factive Presupposition
It is the assumption that is assumed
not to be true and which is identified
by presence of some verb such as
‘dream’, ‘image’, ‘pretend’. Those
are used with prepresupposition that
what is not true.
Example
Type

13. Type & example presupposition
If you are my friend, you would have helped
(>> you are not my friend)
6. Counterfactual Presupposition
It is the assumption that what is
prepresupposition is not only untrue,
but it is opposite of what is
presupposed is not only untrue, but it
is opposite of what is true, or
contrary to fact.
Example
Type

14. Thank you
Any question guys?