SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 101
Pradeep Kodippili, Deputy Director
Msc (Merit-DAMM) & BSc in Agric (special) Hons
Disaster Management Center
Ministry of Disaster Management
Sri Lanka
HAZARD (Wmøjh)
EXPOSURE (újD;Ndjh)
VULNERABILITY (f.dÿreùu)
CAPACITY (හැකියාව)
RISK(wjÞku)
RISK=V X EXPOSURE
CAPACITY
ක්රියාවලිමේ
මූලික අංග 07.
1. ප්රජාව ම ාරාගැනීම.
2. ප්රජාව අ ර
සුහදත්වය
වර්ධනය කර ගැනිම.
3. ප්රජා මූලික තක්සේරු
කිරිම.
4. ප්රජා මූලික ආපදා
අවධානම
අවම කිරිම සැළසුම්
කිරිම.
5. ප්රජාව ආපදා
අවධානම අවම
කිරිම මවනුමවන්
පුහුණු කිරිම
6. ප්රජා මූලික සැළසුේ
ග්රාමීය ආපදා
කළමනාකරණ සැලස්මක
ඇතුලත් විය යුතු අංග.
 ග්රාමය පිළිබඳ පසුබිම.
 ග්රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටුමේ සංයුතිය.
 ආපදා අවදානේ ක්මස්රුව.
 ග්රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ සිතියම (අවදානේ
ස්ථාන, ආරක්ි ස්ථාන, ආරක්ි ගමන් මාර්ග
ඇතුළුව...........).
 පූර්ව අනතුරු ඇඟවීමේ ක්රමමේදය.
 සේපත් විශ්මේෂණය.
 හදිසි අවස්ථාවකදී දැනුේ දීමේ සේබන්ීකරණ
ජාලය
ප්රජා මූලික ආපදා
සිතියේග කරණය
ප්රජා මූලික ආපදා සිතියේග කරණය
දිස්ත්රික් ආපදා
කළමනාකරණ ඒකකයන්
දිස්ත්රික් හා ආපදා
කළමනාකරණ කමිටු
හදිසි මමමහයුේ මැදිරිය
ග්රාමිය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ
කමිටු
Speaker Sys.
Bells / Sirens
Mega phones
Riders /
Cyclers
SLT/ SMS
Police Com
Military
and Police
Com
Cell Broad.
Warning
Towers,
SIRENS
Door to
door
systems
NGO’S
(Red cross) HF/VHF
ප්රජා මූලික මපර දැනුේ දිමේ පද්ධතිය
Apada Malla
(ආපදා මේල)
iajdNdúl úm;a
kdhhEï yd mia l|q lvd
jeáï
.s,d neiSï
mdxY= Ldokh
.xj;=r
kshÕ
wl=Kq ier
c,dy uÕskA WoAoSmkh jk N=
p,k
uOHu m<d; .ek n,kúg bvï mßyrk rgdjg n,mEï we;s lrk iajNdúl úm;a
>khg ,d ie,lsh yels ixisoaêka jkafka
mq,q,aj .;a l< iajdNdúl úm;a ksid bvï yd foam, ydksj,g wu;rj úYd, wd¾:sl
iudcuh yd ixialD;sluh ydks o isÿùug bv we;s nj wm wu;l fkdl, hq;=h uE;
ld,fha Y%S ,xldfjz isoq jQ iajdNdúl úm;a ie,l+ jsg bka 70] la muKu isoqj
we;af;a usksia ls%hdldrlï fya;=fjks
kdhhEï yd mia l|q lvd jeáï
jk jskdYh iy u;=msg Ydl jeiau bj;a
lsrSu
iajNdjsl ksuzk” c, udrA. wjysr fldg boslsrSuz isoq lsrSu
nejfquz iu;=,s;;djhg ydksjk f,i lemSuz iy wksl=;a
l%shdldrluz
lqlr udrA. ksis jsoHd;aul wOHhk j,ska miqj isq fkdlsrSu
lqnEjquz j, ;dlaIKsl l%uj,ska f;drj isqlrk .,a j,j,a mj;ajdf.k hdu
wl%uj;A boslsrSï -
wremAm,
kdhlg TífnkA boslr we;s mdie,A
f.dXke.s,A,lA
mdxY=
Ldokh
jk úkdYh
lqnEjquzj, wl%uj;a f,i isqlrk j.djka ksid isqjk mdxY=Ldokh
c, .e,Sï
,xldjg wod, c, .e,Sus$ .x j;=r
jrA.
.xÕd msgdr .e,Su
uqyqoq j;=r f.dvìsu lrd me;srSu
CIKsl c,.e,Sus
c, m%jdyk moaO;s ysr jSu ksid we;sjk kd.rsl c,
.e,Sus
jeis c,h rCIs; j,g Tfrd;a;=
fkdoS udkj ckdjdi j,g
me;sreKq úg .x j;=r
wdmodjla f,i y|qkajkq
,efns
.x j;=rla wdmodjla
jkqfha
c, .e,Sï isoqjSug iajNdjsl fya;=ka iy
wl%uj;a usksia ls%hdldrlï n,mdkq
,efì’ ,xldfõ isoqjk c,.e,Sï j,ska jevs
wjodkula iy wk;=re jevsjSula isoqj
we;af;a usksidf.a wl%uj;a
ls%hdldrlï ksidh
iajNdjsl c, udrA. wjysr jkfia b|slsrSï isoq lsrSu
my;a ìï iy l=Uqre f.dvlsrSu
jsYd, f,i isoqjk mdxY= Ldokh ksid we, fod, .x.dj, iy
c,dY fmdl+Kqj, uv ;ekam;a jS c, Odrs;djh
wvqjSu’
W!k hgs;, myiqlï
c,udrA. kv;a;= fkdlsrSu
wdrlaIs; l,dm y|qkd fkdf.k b|slsrSï isoq lsrSu
hkdosh m%Odk ;ekla .kS’
c, .e,Sïs j,g ïksid jsiska Woõlrk l%shdj,s
c, .e,Sïs j,g ïksid jsiska Woõ lrk l%shdj,s
.usno m%foaY j, we;s f;;a nsus c, rCIs; m%foaY
lDIsldrAusl j.dnsus i|yd fhdod .ekSu
udrA. moaO;s iajNdjsl c, rCIs; yryd bosslsrSu
k.r no m%foaY j, boslsrSus ksid jeis c,h fmd,jg
Wrd .ekSfus Yla;sh wvqjSu
f;;a nsus ksjdi iy wksl=;a ixjrAOk jHdmD;s i|yd
fhdod .ekSu
kshÕ
kshÕ j,g uqyqK oSug Y%S ,dxlslhskag ;ju;a fkdyelsh’
m%Odk fya;=j bjla njla fkdue;sj jk jeiau jskdY lsrSu
u.ska isoqjk c, W,am;a is|S hdu” fmd<fõ f;;ukh
ke;sjSu hkdoshhs’ kshÕhkag uqyqK oSug wmg
.;yels b;d w;HdjYHu mshjr lsysmhls’
jk jskdYh uq,qukskau keje;ajSu iy oSm jHdma;j
w,q;ska .ia isgqjSu ^c, uQ,dY% wdY%s;j jk jeiaula
mj;ajd .ekSu b;d w;HdjYH fõ’
jeis iuhkays oS /iajk c,h yels;dla .nvdlr ;nd .ekSu
(Rain Water Harvesting)
mdxY+ Ldokh wju lsrSu
b;d l%uj;aj .fõIK isoqlsrSfuka muKla N+.; c,h ,nd
.ekSu
N+ wNHka;r c,dY we;s lsrSu
jeis c,h fmd<j ;=<g /ia lsrSug l%fudamdhka fhoSu
Fig. 12.5
Swamps as Reservoirs
N=ñh .s,d neiSu
ud;f,a/os.k
.s,d neiSus
Processes operating in a Karst Landscape (Press & Siever 2000)
Large sinkhole formed by the collapse of a shallow underground cavern.
Winter Park, Florida. (Press & Seiver 2000)
ud;f,a
jeys.,
jeys.,
msmsrekQ
ksjdi- os.k
c,dY wjg isÿjk
kdhhEï
fld;auf,a
Fld;auf,a
c,dYh
Thelebbe Temple Mawela
Crackd House at Mawela about 200m
from Reservior
Dry well in front of the temple, dried after the movements commenced
Maswela
Maswela
Koththunugoda
Wattaddara
c,dYj,ska we;sjk kdhhEuz md,kh lsrSug
oshqKq ;dlaIKsl l%u we;;a tajd Y%S
,xldj jeks rglg uqo,auh jYfhka Tfrd;a;=
fkdfoa''
fld;auf,a c,dYh wjg kdhhEuz wju
lsrSug wmg l< yelsoE
m%cd uq,sl ixjsOdkj, iyNd.s;ajfhka fuz i|yd
jev igyka osh;a l< hq;=h' fuysoS my; lreKq
ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'
mDIaGsh c,jyk rgdj l%uj;a lsrSu'
fuz i|yd mDIaGsh ldKq moaO;shla fhoSfuka fmd<j ;=<g
c,h ldkaoq jSu je,elajSu iy wia:djr nEjquz fj;g c,h .,d tau
je,elajSu l< hq;=h' fuu ldKq moaO;s iajNdjsl c, udrA. fyda
ksuzk iu.Z iuznkaO l< hq;=h'
u;=msg mia ia:rh jer.ekajSu
.eUqrg uq,a osfjk Ydl jsfYaIhla jejsu u.Zska wia:djr mia ia:r
jer.ekajSh yel'
u;=msg mDIaGh Ydl u.Zska
wdjrKh lsrSu'
;K fld< wjrKhla fhdod mxY= Ldokh
wju lsrSu iy wNHka;r c, ldkaoqj wju
lsrSu'
.,a jegs fhdod u;= msg mia ia:r jer
.ekAjSu
Õxj;=r
.xÕd wdY%s; c, .e,Sus jk l,dm
.x.d msgdr .e,Su ksid we;sjQ we;sjQ .xj;=rla
Ammbalama Culvert
BEFORE
AFTER
wkjir ueKslA .erSu-
jgj,
ේුතියි!

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Practice way for -Disasters in Sri Lanka.pptx

  • 1. Pradeep Kodippili, Deputy Director Msc (Merit-DAMM) & BSc in Agric (special) Hons Disaster Management Center Ministry of Disaster Management Sri Lanka
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. HAZARD (Wmøjh) EXPOSURE (újD;Ndjh) VULNERABILITY (f.dÿreùu) CAPACITY (හැකියාව) RISK(wjÞku) RISK=V X EXPOSURE CAPACITY
  • 8.
  • 9. ක්රියාවලිමේ මූලික අංග 07. 1. ප්රජාව ම ාරාගැනීම. 2. ප්රජාව අ ර සුහදත්වය වර්ධනය කර ගැනිම. 3. ප්රජා මූලික තක්සේරු කිරිම. 4. ප්රජා මූලික ආපදා අවධානම අවම කිරිම සැළසුම් කිරිම. 5. ප්රජාව ආපදා අවධානම අවම කිරිම මවනුමවන් පුහුණු කිරිම 6. ප්රජා මූලික සැළසුේ
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. ග්රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ සැලස්මක ඇතුලත් විය යුතු අංග.  ග්රාමය පිළිබඳ පසුබිම.  ග්රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටුමේ සංයුතිය.  ආපදා අවදානේ ක්මස්රුව.  ග්රාමීය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ සිතියම (අවදානේ ස්ථාන, ආරක්ි ස්ථාන, ආරක්ි ගමන් මාර්ග ඇතුළුව...........).  පූර්ව අනතුරු ඇඟවීමේ ක්රමමේදය.  සේපත් විශ්මේෂණය.  හදිසි අවස්ථාවකදී දැනුේ දීමේ සේබන්ීකරණ ජාලය
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 18. ප්රජා මූලික ආපදා සිතියේග කරණය
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. දිස්ත්රික් ආපදා කළමනාකරණ ඒකකයන් දිස්ත්රික් හා ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටු හදිසි මමමහයුේ මැදිරිය ග්රාමිය ආපදා කළමනාකරණ කමිටු Speaker Sys. Bells / Sirens Mega phones Riders / Cyclers SLT/ SMS Police Com Military and Police Com Cell Broad. Warning Towers, SIRENS Door to door systems NGO’S (Red cross) HF/VHF ප්රජා මූලික මපර දැනුේ දිමේ පද්ධතිය
  • 23. iajdNdúl úm;a kdhhEï yd mia l|q lvd jeáï .s,d neiSï mdxY= Ldokh .xj;=r kshÕ wl=Kq ier c,dy uÕskA WoAoSmkh jk N= p,k uOHu m<d; .ek n,kúg bvï mßyrk rgdjg n,mEï we;s lrk iajNdúl úm;a >khg ,d ie,lsh yels ixisoaêka jkafka mq,q,aj .;a l< iajdNdúl úm;a ksid bvï yd foam, ydksj,g wu;rj úYd, wd¾:sl iudcuh yd ixialD;sluh ydks o isÿùug bv we;s nj wm wu;l fkdl, hq;=h uE; ld,fha Y%S ,xldfjz isoq jQ iajdNdúl úm;a ie,l+ jsg bka 70] la muKu isoqj we;af;a usksia ls%hdldrlï fya;=fjks
  • 24. kdhhEï yd mia l|q lvd jeáï
  • 25. jk jskdYh iy u;=msg Ydl jeiau bj;a lsrSu
  • 26. iajNdjsl ksuzk” c, udrA. wjysr fldg boslsrSuz isoq lsrSu
  • 27. nejfquz iu;=,s;;djhg ydksjk f,i lemSuz iy wksl=;a l%shdldrluz
  • 28.
  • 29. lqlr udrA. ksis jsoHd;aul wOHhk j,ska miqj isq fkdlsrSu
  • 30. lqnEjquz j, ;dlaIKsl l%uj,ska f;drj isqlrk .,a j,j,a mj;ajdf.k hdu
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 37. kdhlg TífnkA boslr we;s mdie,A f.dXke.s,A,lA
  • 38.
  • 41. lqnEjquzj, wl%uj;a f,i isqlrk j.djka ksid isqjk mdxY=Ldokh
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 55. ,xldjg wod, c, .e,Sus$ .x j;=r jrA. .xÕd msgdr .e,Su uqyqoq j;=r f.dvìsu lrd me;srSu CIKsl c,.e,Sus c, m%jdyk moaO;s ysr jSu ksid we;sjk kd.rsl c, .e,Sus
  • 56. jeis c,h rCIs; j,g Tfrd;a;= fkdoS udkj ckdjdi j,g me;sreKq úg .x j;=r wdmodjla f,i y|qkajkq ,efns .x j;=rla wdmodjla jkqfha
  • 57. c, .e,Sï isoqjSug iajNdjsl fya;=ka iy wl%uj;a usksia ls%hdldrlï n,mdkq ,efì’ ,xldfõ isoqjk c,.e,Sï j,ska jevs wjodkula iy wk;=re jevsjSula isoqj we;af;a usksidf.a wl%uj;a ls%hdldrlï ksidh
  • 58. iajNdjsl c, udrA. wjysr jkfia b|slsrSï isoq lsrSu my;a ìï iy l=Uqre f.dvlsrSu jsYd, f,i isoqjk mdxY= Ldokh ksid we, fod, .x.dj, iy c,dY fmdl+Kqj, uv ;ekam;a jS c, Odrs;djh wvqjSu’ W!k hgs;, myiqlï c,udrA. kv;a;= fkdlsrSu wdrlaIs; l,dm y|qkd fkdf.k b|slsrSï isoq lsrSu hkdosh m%Odk ;ekla .kS’ c, .e,Sïs j,g ïksid jsiska Woõlrk l%shdj,s
  • 59. c, .e,Sïs j,g ïksid jsiska Woõ lrk l%shdj,s .usno m%foaY j, we;s f;;a nsus c, rCIs; m%foaY lDIsldrAusl j.dnsus i|yd fhdod .ekSu udrA. moaO;s iajNdjsl c, rCIs; yryd bosslsrSu k.r no m%foaY j, boslsrSus ksid jeis c,h fmd,jg Wrd .ekSfus Yla;sh wvqjSu f;;a nsus ksjdi iy wksl=;a ixjrAOk jHdmD;s i|yd fhdod .ekSu
  • 60. kshÕ kshÕ j,g uqyqK oSug Y%S ,dxlslhskag ;ju;a fkdyelsh’ m%Odk fya;=j bjla njla fkdue;sj jk jeiau jskdY lsrSu u.ska isoqjk c, W,am;a is|S hdu” fmd<fõ f;;ukh ke;sjSu hkdoshhs’ kshÕhkag uqyqK oSug wmg .;yels b;d w;HdjYHu mshjr lsysmhls’ jk jskdYh uq,qukskau keje;ajSu iy oSm jHdma;j w,q;ska .ia isgqjSu ^c, uQ,dY% wdY%s;j jk jeiaula mj;ajd .ekSu b;d w;HdjYH fõ’ jeis iuhkays oS /iajk c,h yels;dla .nvdlr ;nd .ekSu (Rain Water Harvesting) mdxY+ Ldokh wju lsrSu b;d l%uj;aj .fõIK isoqlsrSfuka muKla N+.; c,h ,nd .ekSu N+ wNHka;r c,dY we;s lsrSu jeis c,h fmd<j ;=<g /ia lsrSug l%fudamdhka fhoSu
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63. Fig. 12.5 Swamps as Reservoirs
  • 66. Processes operating in a Karst Landscape (Press & Siever 2000) Large sinkhole formed by the collapse of a shallow underground cavern. Winter Park, Florida. (Press & Seiver 2000)
  • 67.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 77. Crackd House at Mawela about 200m from Reservior
  • 78. Dry well in front of the temple, dried after the movements commenced
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85. c,dYj,ska we;sjk kdhhEuz md,kh lsrSug oshqKq ;dlaIKsl l%u we;;a tajd Y%S ,xldj jeks rglg uqo,auh jYfhka Tfrd;a;= fkdfoa'' fld;auf,a c,dYh wjg kdhhEuz wju lsrSug wmg l< yelsoE
  • 86. m%cd uq,sl ixjsOdkj, iyNd.s;ajfhka fuz i|yd jev igyka osh;a l< hq;=h' fuysoS my; lreKq ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h' mDIaGsh c,jyk rgdj l%uj;a lsrSu' fuz i|yd mDIaGsh ldKq moaO;shla fhoSfuka fmd<j ;=<g c,h ldkaoq jSu je,elajSu iy wia:djr nEjquz fj;g c,h .,d tau je,elajSu l< hq;=h' fuu ldKq moaO;s iajNdjsl c, udrA. fyda ksuzk iu.Z iuznkaO l< hq;=h' u;=msg mia ia:rh jer.ekajSu .eUqrg uq,a osfjk Ydl jsfYaIhla jejsu u.Zska wia:djr mia ia:r jer.ekajSh yel'
  • 87. u;=msg mDIaGh Ydl u.Zska wdjrKh lsrSu' ;K fld< wjrKhla fhdod mxY= Ldokh wju lsrSu iy wNHka;r c, ldkaoqj wju lsrSu' .,a jegs fhdod u;= msg mia ia:r jer .ekAjSu
  • 88.
  • 90.
  • 91. .xÕd wdY%s; c, .e,Sus jk l,dm
  • 92.
  • 93. .x.d msgdr .e,Su ksid we;sjQ we;sjQ .xj;=rla
  • 94.
  • 96.
  • 97.
  • 100.