1) The document describes several histological slides showing various pathological conditions, including acute suppurative appendicitis, chronic skin inflammation, myocardial scarring, cloudy swelling of the kidney, fatty changes in the liver, a recent thrombus, and atherosclerosis. 2) The slide on acute suppurative appendicitis shows necrotic debris, intact and dead white blood cells in the lumen, intact and ulcerated areas of the mucosa, and edema and congested blood vessels in the submucosa. 3) The slide on chronic skin inflammation shows thickened epidermis, thickened and narrowed arterioles, and peri-vascular cuffing by immune cells in the

1. Slide (1):-Acute suppurative appendicitis
 Naked eye :-Circular structure with bluish wall
 Organ :-T.S. of an appendix
 Comment :-
1-Lumen :-Necrotic debris,intact and dead PNLs,
2-Mucosa :-Intact and ulcerated areas
3-Submucosa :-Edema ,dilated and congested blood
vessels , hyperplastic lymphoid follicles and PNL,s
may extends to musculosa or serosa
 Diagnosis :- Acute suppurative appendicitis

3. Slide (2):- Chronic inflammation
 Organ :- Section in the skin
 Comment :-
1-Epidermis :- Thickened epidermis and keratin
2-Dermis :-
-Arterioles :- Thickened and narrowed (EAO)
-Peri-vascular cuffing by (lymphocytes ,plasma cells
and macrophages)
-Increased fibroblasts and collagen.
 Diagnosis :- Chronic inflammation in skin

5. Slide(3):-Myocardial scarring
 Organ :- Section in heart
 Comment :-
Intact cardiac muscles :- Running in different directions
Infarction area :- Pale pink,fibrous tissue area ,composed of
wavy collagen,few fibroblasts and few dilated thin walled
capillaries
Diagnosis:-
Myocardial scarring

7. Cell injury (degeneration)
Water accumulation :-
e.g Cloudy swelling of kidney
Fat accumulation :-
e.g fatty change of liver

8.  Cloudy swelling :-
 Reversible cell damage characterized by mild accumulation of
water inside cells.
 Oragns affected :-Proximal convoluted tubules of kidney ,liver
and heart
 Pathogenesis:-swollen mitochondria is fragmented with
resultant decreased production of ATP and consequent distrubed
Na/K pump retention of Na and H2O inside cells .
 Pathology
 Grossly :-
The organ size :- Increased
Colour :- Pale
Consistency:- Soft

9. Cloudy swelling of kidney

10.  Section in the kidney :-
 Glomeruli :- Normal
 Tubules :-
-Lumen :- Narrowed and star shaped
-Lining epithelial cells
*Swollen
*Conical (pyramidal ) shaped.Its apex directed
inward.
*Pink and granular cytoplasm (mitochondrial
damage.
*Intact rounded nuclei .
Diagnosis :- Cloudy swelling of the kidney

12.  Fatty change ,liver
 A condition characterized by accumulation of triglyceride
inside hepatocytes
 Causes:-
1-Toxins->diphtheria 2-Chemicals as phosphorus and CCL4
 Etiology:-
1-Increased entrance of FFAheptocytes
2-Increased synthesis of FA and decreasd its oxidation
3-Increased estrification of FA
4-Decreased formation of phospholipids
5-Decreased excretion of phospholipids.

13. Specimen :- Section of liver
Size :- enlarged
D13 Surface :-Smooth
Capsule :-Thin ,stretched easily
Streped
Colour :- Yellowish
Borders :- Rounded
Consistency:- Soft

14. Slide(5):-Fatty changes of liver
 Section in liver :-
 Liver cells :-
Cytoplasm :- Contain large clear vacuoles
Nuclei :-Peripheral located nuclei(signet
ring appearance.
Some intact liver cells are seen.
Diagnosis :- Fatty changes of liver.

16. Slide(6):-Recent thrombus
 Naked eye :-Rounded structure with intra-luminal thrombus
(2nd rounded structure)
 Section in blood vessel :-
1- The lumen of blood vessel :-
-Filled by thrombus mass attached to the vessel
wall at one point (head of the thrombus )
2-The thrombus mass containing :-
pale pink lines radiating from the head (lines of Zahn) and
contain in between meshwork of fibrin ,RBC,s and WBC,s.
Diagnosis :- Recent thrombus

17. 2nd of circular lesions

18. Slide(7):-Atherosclerosis
 Naked eye :- 3rd rounded structure
 Section in an artery :-
Intima :- Degenerated and elevated
Subintima :- Fibro-fatty mass containing
, needle like crystals of cholesterol. and
haylinized C.T ± calcification
Elastic lamina :-Fragmented
Media opposite the lesion :- Atrophic .
Diagnosis :- Atherosclerosis of an artery

19. crystals
Atheroma
Calcification
Media