This document discusses nursing standards and standard precautions. It defines standards as benchmarks of excellence that serve as models and bases of comparison. Nursing standards are descriptive statements that affect nursing knowledge, practice, and quality of care, establishing accountability. Standards provide guidelines for staff performance, evaluate quality of care, and clarify nurses' areas of accountability. Standard precautions treat all body fluids as potentially infectious and include hand hygiene, protective equipment, cleaning, injury prevention, and waste management to prevent disease transmission in healthcare settings. Compliance with standards is the responsibility of all healthcare workers.

1. DEFINITION OF STANDARD
It can be defined as a benchmark of
achievement, which is based on desired level
of excellence. As such standards become
model to be initiated and may serve, in turn, as
basis of comparisons
The Oxford Dictionary,1964

2. DEFINITION OF NURSING STANDARD
NURSING PRACTICE STANDARD ARE
DESCRIPTIVE STA
TEMENTS THA
T AFFECT THE
NA
TURE OF
CURRENT
CURRENT NURSING
KNOWLEDGE AND
PRACTICE
CURRENT
QUALITY OF NURSING CARE. AS SUCH THEY
ESTABLISHING
ARE A MEANS OF
ACCOUNTABILITY OF NURSING CARE
RENDERED BYTHE PROFESSIONAL NURSE.

3. IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
•FORM THE FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS
•INFLUENCE AND TRANSFORM THE WAY WE LIVE,
WORK AND COMMUNICATE.
•ASSURANCE THAT THE HIGHEST QUALITY OF CARE
WILL BE PROVIDED TO ALL PATIENT IN ALL HEALTH
CARE SETTING.
•ESTABLISHED CRITERIA FOR THE PRACTICE OF
NURSING.

4. PURPOSE OF STANDARD
•GIVE DIRECTIONAND PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR
PERFORMANCE OF NURSING STAFF
•PROVIDEABASE FOR EV
ALUA
TING QUALITY OF NURSING
CARE, RANGING FROM EXCELLENT CARE OF USAGE CARE
•HELPTO IMPROVE QUALITY OF NURSING CARE INCREASES
EFFECTIVENESS OF CAREAND IMPROVE EFFICIENCY
•HELPTO IMPROVE DOCUMENTA
TIONAND RECORD OF
CARE.
•HELP IN DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF STANDARDS
•HELP SUPERVISOR TO GUIDE NURSING STAFF TO IMPROVE
PERFORMANCE

5. CONTI…..
•HELP TO IMPROVE BASIS FOR DECISION
MAKING AND DESIREALTERNATIVE SYSTEM
FOR DELIVERING NURSING CARE.
•JUSTIFY DEMANDS OR RESOURCE
ASSOCIATION.
•HELPTO CLARIFY NURSES’ AREAOF
ACCOUNTABILITY.
•HELP NURSES TO DEFINE CLEARLY DIFFERENT
LEVEL OF CARE.

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARD
•STATEMENT MUST BE BROAD ENOUGH TOAPPLYTOAWIDE
VARIETY OF SETTING.
•MUST BE REALISTIC, ACCEPTABLE ANDATTAINABLE.
•STANDARDS OF NURSING CARE MUST BE DEVELOPED BY
MEMBER OF NURSING PROFESSION.
•SHOULD BE PHASED IN POSITIVE TERMSAND INDICATED,
ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE THAT IN GOOD EXCELLENT ETC.
•IT MUST EXPRESS WHAT IS DESIRABLE
•IT MUST BE UNDERSTANDABLE AND STATED IN
UNAMBIGUOUS TERMS
•IT IS BASED ON THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON SCIENTIFIC
PRACTICE
•REVIEWAND REVISED PERIODICALL
Y
.

7. SOURCES
•THE STANDARD CAN BE ESTABLISHED,
DEVELOPED, REVIEWED OR ENFORCED BY VARIETY
OF SOURCESAS FOLLOW.
•PROFESSIONALORGANIZATION E.G., TNAI
•LICENSING BODIES- E.G. INC,MCIAND DCI ETC
•INSTITUTION/HEALTH CARE AGENCIES E.G.
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, HEALTH CENTRES.
•DEPARTMENT OF INSTITUTION- E.G. SPECIFIC
PATIENT UNIT
•GOVERNMENT UNIT AT NATIONAL, STATE LOCAL
UNITS

8. CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARDS
•NORMATIC STANDARD
•EMPIRICAL STANDARD
•END STANDARD
•MEAN STANDARD
•STRUCTURE STANDARD
•PROCESS STANDARD
•OUTCOME STANDARD

9. STANDARD AND PRACTICE DEVELOPED BY
INTERNATIONALCOUNCILOF NURSES, 1949
THE INC ACT IS THE ONLY NATIONAL
LEGISLATION DIRECTLY RELATED TO NURSING
PRACTICE
•THE RIGHT TO REFUSE TO TREAT THE PATIENT
EXCEPT INAN EMERGENCY SITUATION.
•THE RIGHT TO ISSUE FOR FEES
•THE RIGHT TO ADD A LITTLE OR DESCRIPTION
TO ONE NAME
•UNREGISTERED PRACTITIONER

10. FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
TO EXERCISE A REASONABLE DEGREE OF SKILL AND
KNOWLEDGE IN TREATING PATIENT.
OWNS A RELA
TIONSHIP TO A PA
TIENT HAS BEEN
ESTABLISHED
A PRACTITIONER MUST GIVE PERSONAL A
TTENTION TO
HIS CASEANDANSWER CALLS
CHILDREN MUST BE PROTECTED FROM HARMING
THEMSELVES
SPECIAL PRECAUTION MUST BE TAKEN IN CASE OF
ADULTS WHO ARE INCAPABLE TO TAKE CARE OF
THEMSELVES.
DANGEROUS DISEASES MUST BE REPORTED.

11. STANDARD BY THE INC
•THE COUNCIL HAS IN THE FRAMEWORK FOR POST-
REGISTRA
TION NURSING PRACTICE EDUCA
TION (MAY
2001) PROVIDES THE FRAMEWORK ON WHICH
PARTICULAR COMPETENCIES FOR A DEFINED
SPECIALL
YAREA.
•IT DEFINED AS SPECIALL
Y NURSING PRACTICE IS THE
EXERCISE OF HIGHER.
•IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE.
•STANDARD MUST BE EVIDENCE BASED.
•MUST USE STANDARDS TO EVALUATE THEIR PRACTICE

12. STANDARD BY THE SNC
•THE STATE GOVERNMENT CONTROL NURSING
PRACTICE THROUGH THE STATE NURSE’S
REGISTRATIONACT.
•THE TNMC HAVE ACT THAT PREVENT
REGISTRATION OR JUSTIFY REMOVAL FROM THE
REGISTER FOR THE FOLLOWING OFFENSES
•CONVICTION FORANONBAILABLE OFFENSE.
•BEING FOUND GUILTY
•POSSESSING DEFECT IN CHARACTER.

13. CONTI….
UNETHICAL PRACTICES PROHIBITED THE TNMC
ARE :
•THE DISHONEST USE OF CERTIFICATES
•PROCURING REGISTRATION BY FALSE MEANS
•FALSIFICATION OF THE REGISTER
•REPRESENTATION OF THE REGISTRATION BY AN
UNRECOGNIZED PERSON
•REPRESENTA
TION OF REGISTRA
TION AS A MEDICAL
PRACTITIONER
•A FINE IS THE USUAL PENALTY IMPOSED FOR
DISOBEYING THE LAW STATED BYTNC

14. CONTI……
INFECTION CONTROL; STANDARD SAFETY MEASURES
PRECAUTION) ARE DESIGNED TO
•SICP (STANDARD INFECTION CONTROL
PREVENT
CROSS TRANSMISSION FROM RECOGNIZED AND
UNRECOGNIZED SOURCES OF INFECTION.
•EVERY HOSPITAL HAVE
UNIT WHICH WILL BE
INFECTION CONTROL
HANDLED BY AN
INFECTION CONTROL TEAM WHO WILL OBSERVE
THE STANDARD PRECAUTIONS FOLLOWED BY
EACH STAFF MEMBERS.

15. RESPONSIBILITY OF WORKERS REGARDING STANDARD INFECTION
CONTROLPRECAUTION
•ALL STAFF PROVIDING DIRECT CARE IN A HEALTHCARE SETTING MUST APPLY
PRINCIPLES OF SCIPS.
•ALL STAFF HAS RESPONSIBILITY TO ENCOURAGE PATIENTS/ RELATIVES/
RESIDENTS, CARERS AND OTHER STAFF TO COMPLY WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF
STANDARD INFECTION CONTROL PRECAUTION.
•REPORT TO NURSE IN CHARGE ABOUT THE DEFICIT KNOWLEDGE AND OTHER
FACTOR RELATED TO SCIP, THAT MAY RESULTED TO CROSS CONTAMINATION.
•NOT PROVIDE DIRECT PATIENT CARE WHILE INFECTIOUS AS THIS COULD
CAUSE HARM.
•CONSIDER THE ELEMENTS OF SCIP SUCH AS HAND HYGIENE AS AN
OBJECTIVE WITHIN STAFF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ENSURING CONTINUOUS UPDATING OF KNOWLEDGE SKILL
•BE AW
ARE OF NA
TIONAL AND LOCAL POLICIES, PROCEDURE, AND
CAMPAIGNS

16. STANDARD PRECAUTION
THEY ARE BASED ON THE CONCEPTS THAT ALL BLOOD, URINE, FAECES,
VOMITING, EXCRETA, SALIVA, SPUTUM, SECRETION FROM NONINTACT SKIN,
WOUNDS AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE SHOULD BE TREATED AS POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS.
EVERYONE SHOULD TAKE APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE MEASURE WHEN COMING
INTO CONTACT WITH THEM. THESE INCLUDE:
•HAND HYGIENE
•RESPIRATORY HYGIENE AND COUGH MANNERS
•USE OF PPE
•PROPER CLEANSINGAND DISINFECTION
•PREVENTION OF SHARP INJURY
•WASTE MANAGEMENT
•ISOLATION OF INFECTED PATIENTS
•BARRIER NURSING
SPECIFIC PROTECTION OFTHE STAFF INCLUDE:
•IMMUNIZATION
•PERIODICAL HEALTH EXAMINATIONS OF THE EMPLOYEE

17. Made By:
Akansha John
M.Sc Nursing