- Conductors allow the free flow of electrons and have no resistance, such as metals like copper and silver. Insulators have very few free electrons and do not conduct electricity easily, such as glass, rubber, and plastics. Semiconductors have properties between conductors and insulators. - Static electricity is electricity at rest generated through friction, while dynamic or current electricity is electricity in motion transmitted through a conductor by a potential difference. - Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance between them.

1. GOOD AFTERNOON

2. CONDUCTORS

3. CONDUCTORS
• are materials that permit the free motion of electrons.
When some metals are cooled to about -270 degrees
Celsius (centigrade scale), they exhibit
superconductivity. Under such conditions, there metals
have essentially no resistance to the flow of electrons.
• Any materials that allows electric current to pass
through it.
Examples: Copper, silver, aluminum, zinc, brass, iron,
water, carbon, etc.

5. INSULATOR

6. INSULATOR
•Are materials that have a very few free
electrons. In these materials, a lot of energy is
needed to get the electrons out of the orbit of
the atom. Actually there is no such thing as a
perfect insulator. Dielectric is the other name for
insulator.
•Any materials does not allow electric current to
pass through it.
•Examples: glass, mica, rubber, plastics, etc.

9. SEMICONDUCTOR
•are materials that has some characteristics
of both insulators and conductors. They are
midway between insulators and conductors.
It is that when properly made, they will
conduct electricity in one direction better
than they will in the other direction.
•Examples: diodes, solar cells, microwave-
frequency integrated circuits, and others.

11. Kinds of Electricity

12. A. STATIC ELECTRICITY
•It is electricity that is not in motion or
electricity at rest. It is usually generated by
means of friction. Example: Lightning
•Friction is the main source of static
electricity. If you rub two different materials
together, electrons may be forced out of their
orbits in one material and captured in the
other

13. B.DYNAMIC OR CURRENT
ELECTRICITY
•It is an electricity in motion. It
can be transmitted through a
conductor from one place to
another by means of a potential
difference.

14. WAYS OF CHARGING AND
DISCHARGING
• Contact Charge – transfer of a charge from one
material to another by direct contact.
• Inductance Charge – transfer of a charge from one
material to another without actual contact.
• Contact Discharge – Electrons crossing over from a
negative charge to positive charge through contact
• Arc Discharge - Electrons crossing over from a
negative charge to positive through an arc.

15. MAGNETISM
•is one aspect of the
combined electromagnetic force. It refers to
physical phenomena arising from the force
caused by magnets, objects that produce
fields that attract or repel other objects.
•Magnetite is a type of iron ore. Its power to
attract other metals is called magnetism.

16. TWO CLASSIFICATION OF A
MAGNET

17. TEMPORARY MAGNETS
• made from soft metals, and only retain their
magnetism while near a permanent magnetic field
or electronic current. They become magnetized in
the presence of a magnetic field. They lose their
magnetism gradually when the magnetic field is
removed. Paperclips, iron nails and other similar
items are examples of temporary magnets.

18. PERMANENT MAGNETS
•materials where the magnetic field is
generated by the internal structure of the
material itself.
•Example. Alnico, Nipermag, Steel.

19. Two Poles of a Magnet
•a north pole and
•a south pole.

20. ELECTRICITY
IS USED TO PRODUCED
MECHANICAL POWER
ENERGY TO OPERATE ELECTRONIC DEVICES
CHEMICAL ACTION (ELECTRO PLATING)
LIGHT
PRESSURE
HEAT

21. Electricity produces Light by:
•Phosphorescence
•Incandescence
•Electroluminescence
•Fluorescence

22. PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICITY
1. Current – Is the intensity of the flow of
electrons in a conductor
2. Voltage – Is the electromotive force (EMF)
that enables or pushes the electrons to
flow in a conductor toward a certain direction
3. Resistance – It is the force that opposes the
flow of electrons.
4. Power – It is the total measure of electrical
energy consumed in a circuit

23. Ohm’s Law
George Simoun Ohm
a German physicist discovered that voltage,
current, and resistance in a circuit have definite
relationship with one another.
It states that Current is directly proportional to
voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.

24. Quantity Unit of
Measurement
Symbols
Used
Proponent/Dis
coverer
Current Ampere (A) I Andre Marie
Ampere
Voltage Volts (V) E or V Alessandro Volta
Resistance Ohm (Ω) R Georg Simon
Ohm
Power Watt (W) P James Watt

25. Ohm's Law can be rewritten in three ways for
calculating current, resistance, and voltage.
1. If a current I should flow through a resistor R, the
voltage V can be calculated. V = R × I

26. • 2. If there is a voltage V across a resistor R, a current I flows
through it. I can be calculated. I = V / R

27. 3. If a current I flows through a resistor, and there is a voltage V
across the resistor R can be calculated. R = V / I

28. The Ohm’s Law Equation
In this first example, we will calculate the amount of current (I) in a
circuit, given values of voltage (v) and resistance (R):
V

29. What is the amount of current (I) in this circuit?
V

30. V

31. In this second example, we will calculate the
amount of resistance (R) in a circuit, given values
of voltage (E) and current (I):

32. Whatistheamountofresistance(R)offeredbythelamp?
?

34. In the last example, we will calculate the amount of voltage supplied by a battery, given values of
current (I) and resistance (R):
What is the amount of voltage provided by the battery?

35. V

36. In this second example, we will calculate the amount of
resistance (R) in a circuit, given values of voltage (E) and
current (I):
What is the amount of resistance (R)
offered by the lamp?

38. In the last example, we will calculate the amount of voltage supplied
by a battery, given values of current (I) and resistance (R):
What is the amount of voltage provided by the
battery?

41. Thank you!