The tragic conflict between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks has a complex nature and deep causes that are tied to the socio-economic situation in Kyrgyzstan since independence. However, the failure of the political elite to transcend ethnocentric policy triggered the deadly clashes. Politics based on uncompromising clan, regional, and ethnic division undermine the opportunity for peaceful competitive politics. In order to avoid this, political elites should promote institution building, the rule of law, and interethnic harmony. Interethnic tension makes Kyrgyzstan very vulnerable to third parties wanting to escalate ethnic conflicts for their own good.
National Business Women's Week 2014 in Charlotte to be held on 10.22.2014, statistics on working women based on 2010 statistics from the Department of Labor
Poverty in Pakistan By Dr. Sajjad HaiderSAJJAD HAIDER
What is Poverty?
• “a state or condition in which a
• person or community lacks the financial resources
• and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life
• and well-being that's considered acceptable in society”
• Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14
Who are consider to poor?
People living below $1.25 a day as per 2005 international dollar prices are considered poor. Poverty line are drawn locally according to some set criteria
Who are considered poor in Pakistan
• a person is earning less than Rs.1745 per person is considered as poor in Pakistan.
• (source Pakistan economic survey 2013-14 where Survey of 2010-11 transpiring the above figure)
• Example. If a family consists of 5 members and their total income is less than Rs.8725 per month, than that family is considered as poor.
How many people’s are poor in Pakistan?
• Official view: World Bank calculations indicate that there are 21.04% of the population (2008 estimates)are living below the Internationally specified poverty line i.e. $1.25.
• (source Word Development Indicator 2014)
How many people’s are poor in Pakistan
• Independent view: According to a study conducted by SDPI (Sustainable Development Policy Institute)
• 1/3rd Pakistanis are poor
• (source The Express Tribune 25 Feb. 2014)
What is difference between absolute and relative poverty
• When poverty is measured considering the money necessary to need the necessities than it is termed as absolute poverty. Whereas relative poverty in concerned the quality of life with respect to the other members of the society.
How we measure the poverty
• Headcount Index
• Poverty Gap Index
• Squared Poverty Gap (Poverty Severity)
• Index
• Sen Index
• The Sen-Shorrocks-Thon Index
• The Watts Index
• And many others measures
Causes of poverty
• Conflicts and War
• Corruption
• Bad Geography
• Colonialism
• Higher population growth rate
• Low level of Industrialization
• External dependence
• Low Human Development
• Adverse Climatic conditions
Consequences of Poverty
• Poverty causes Low growth thus low development and prospective for up-coming generations.
• High infant mortality and Death rate
• High incidence of diseases
• Increased crime rate
• High conflicts and less social cohesion
• Less capability to utilized their endowed resources
What we should do
• As we cannot live alone the handicap brother and sister without help so we should not leave alone the 1/3rd fellow brother and sister of our nation alone.
• Since they will not be able to handout in the economic progress of nation. Thus we should prepare policies which are mostly socially inclusive.
Presentation given at Gendered dimensions of migration: Material and social outcomes of South-South migration. 30 June - 2 July 2015 at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/research/womenandchildren/gendered_dimensions
The Planning Commission set up a Working Group in 1962. It recommended that the national minimum for a household of 5 persons should be not less than Rs. 100/- per month for rural and Rs. 125/- for urban at 1960-61 prices.
Professor Jorma Sipilä´s comment on Ryszard Szulkin´s speech at Demos Helsinki´s and e2´s future course on immigration 27.8.2009 in Kirkkonummi, Finland.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
National Business Women's Week 2014 in Charlotte to be held on 10.22.2014, statistics on working women based on 2010 statistics from the Department of Labor
Poverty in Pakistan By Dr. Sajjad HaiderSAJJAD HAIDER
What is Poverty?
• “a state or condition in which a
• person or community lacks the financial resources
• and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life
• and well-being that's considered acceptable in society”
• Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2013-14
Who are consider to poor?
People living below $1.25 a day as per 2005 international dollar prices are considered poor. Poverty line are drawn locally according to some set criteria
Who are considered poor in Pakistan
• a person is earning less than Rs.1745 per person is considered as poor in Pakistan.
• (source Pakistan economic survey 2013-14 where Survey of 2010-11 transpiring the above figure)
• Example. If a family consists of 5 members and their total income is less than Rs.8725 per month, than that family is considered as poor.
How many people’s are poor in Pakistan?
• Official view: World Bank calculations indicate that there are 21.04% of the population (2008 estimates)are living below the Internationally specified poverty line i.e. $1.25.
• (source Word Development Indicator 2014)
How many people’s are poor in Pakistan
• Independent view: According to a study conducted by SDPI (Sustainable Development Policy Institute)
• 1/3rd Pakistanis are poor
• (source The Express Tribune 25 Feb. 2014)
What is difference between absolute and relative poverty
• When poverty is measured considering the money necessary to need the necessities than it is termed as absolute poverty. Whereas relative poverty in concerned the quality of life with respect to the other members of the society.
How we measure the poverty
• Headcount Index
• Poverty Gap Index
• Squared Poverty Gap (Poverty Severity)
• Index
• Sen Index
• The Sen-Shorrocks-Thon Index
• The Watts Index
• And many others measures
Causes of poverty
• Conflicts and War
• Corruption
• Bad Geography
• Colonialism
• Higher population growth rate
• Low level of Industrialization
• External dependence
• Low Human Development
• Adverse Climatic conditions
Consequences of Poverty
• Poverty causes Low growth thus low development and prospective for up-coming generations.
• High infant mortality and Death rate
• High incidence of diseases
• Increased crime rate
• High conflicts and less social cohesion
• Less capability to utilized their endowed resources
What we should do
• As we cannot live alone the handicap brother and sister without help so we should not leave alone the 1/3rd fellow brother and sister of our nation alone.
• Since they will not be able to handout in the economic progress of nation. Thus we should prepare policies which are mostly socially inclusive.
Presentation given at Gendered dimensions of migration: Material and social outcomes of South-South migration. 30 June - 2 July 2015 at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/research/womenandchildren/gendered_dimensions
The Planning Commission set up a Working Group in 1962. It recommended that the national minimum for a household of 5 persons should be not less than Rs. 100/- per month for rural and Rs. 125/- for urban at 1960-61 prices.
Professor Jorma Sipilä´s comment on Ryszard Szulkin´s speech at Demos Helsinki´s and e2´s future course on immigration 27.8.2009 in Kirkkonummi, Finland.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Kyrgyzstan's politics of ethnic hatred
1. Kyrgyzstan’s Politics of Ethnic Hatred
How the Roots Were Planted and the
Fruits Harvested
Baktybek Beshimov
October 30, 2010
Central Eurasian Studies Society
Eleventh Annual Conference
2. Key Theses
• Kyrgyzstan’s political elite is responsible for
ethnic clashes
• Coups of 2005 and 2010 have created
preconditions for ethnic conflicts
• High fragmentation of Kyrgyz society allows
external forces to exert influence
2
3. Interethnic Policy Of Kyrgyz Regimes
1991-2010
Akaev Bakiev
Interim
Government
Conception
Mostly Kyrgyz-
Centric
Kyrgyz-Centric Uncertain
Policy
Common Home Not Formulated Not Formulated
Methods
Balance,
Manipulation
Manipulation,
Subjection
Provocation,
Manipulation
Results
Interethnic Balance Conflict Clashes
Events
Conflicts in 90s-on
Kyrgyz/Tajik border
2006 -
Kyrgyz/Dungan
Clashes, 2007-2009
Kyrgyz/Uzbek
tension
2010 - Kyrgyz/Turk
clashes,
Kyrgyz/Uzbek
deadly conflict
3
4. Unresolved Problems
• Identity
• Integration of Uzbeks in Nation-State Building
• Migration within the country
• Decline of Education
• Business Cooperation
• Criminalization
4
7. Kyrgyz and Uzbek Prejudices
Kyrgyz
• Uzbeks Never Recognized
Kyrgyzstan as Homeland
• Uzbeks are Separatists
Uzbeks
• Kyrgyz Never Recognized
Uzbeks as their Equals
• Kyrgyz are Nationalists
7
8. Uzbek Dilemma
Ethnocentric
• Kyrgyzstani Uzbeks are a
part of Greater Uzbekistan
• Possible Results:
Nationalism - Conflict and
Disintegration
Civic -Centric
• Uzbeks are a part of
Kyrgyzstan's Nation
• Possible Result: Nation-
State Building
8
9. Uzbek Politics in Kyrgyzstan
Traditional Uzbek
Leaders
Uzbek Young Turks Uzbek Populace
Political Interests Power and Money Civic Nation Security and Rights
Political Methods Deal and
Manipulation
Participation, Open
Discussion
Support of Leaders
Uzbek Cultural
Autonomy
Promotion Promotion, Russian
Franca Lingua
Support
Income Rich Middle Class Poor
9
10. Thank you
Note: Table 6 from the article of the Martin Schuler, Migration Patterns of the Population in Kyrgyzstan.
http://eps.revues.org/index1967.html
