The document outlines the process of point-to-point communication, detailing the conversion of an analog voice signal into an electrical signal and then into binary signals. It describes the transmission of these binary signals as optical pulses through an optical fiber and the subsequent conversion back into voice output at the receiving end, including the role of repeaters if necessary. Each step, from voice to transmission and back, is explained to show the flow of information.

1. POINT-TO-POINT COMMUNICATION
1. Voice to Electrical Signal: The analog voice signal is converted into
an electrical signal.
2. Coder: The electrical signal is converted into binary electrical
signals using a coder.
3. Optical Transmitter: The binary signals are converted into optical
pulses using a light source (e.g., LED).
4. Optical Fiber Transmission: The optical pulses travel through the
fiber core using total internal reflection.
5. Photodetector: At the receiving end, the optical pulses are
converted back into binary electrical signals.
6. Decoder: The binary signals are decoded into an analog electrical
signal.
7. Voice Output: The analog signal is converted back to the original
voice.
8. Repeaters (if needed):
⦁ Convert weak optical signals into electrical signals.
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2. ⦁ Amplify and reshape the signal.
⦁ Reconvert the signal into optical pulses for further transmission.
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