2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
2. Çok alfabeli şifreleme
Yer değiştirme ve harf değiştirme şifrelemesi diğer adıyla tek alfabeli şifreleme
yöntemi,tarihin ilk şifreleme yöntemlerinden birisidir.
Daha sonra çözülmesi kolay olan bu yöntemi geliştirerek çok alfabeli şifreleme-
ye dayanan yöntemler ortaya çıkmıştır.Çok alfabeli yerine koyma şifresinde açık
metin harfleri, farklı şekillerde oluşturulmuş olan şifreleme alfabesindeki
harflerin yerleştirilmesine göre şifrelenirler.
Çok alfabeli şifreleme,tek alfabeli şifrelerin bir kombinasyonu gibidir.
Monoalphabetic tekniğinin geliştirerek kullanılan “yerine koyma teknikleri”
nin bütününe Polyalphabetic Ciphers(çoklu alfabeye dayanan şifreleme)
denir.
3. İNCELENECEK ALT BAŞLIKLAR
Çok alfabeli şifreleme yöntemlerinden biri olan Hill
şifrelemesi, Enigma , Jefferson diski…
Çok alfabeli şifrelemeler ve en yaygın çok alfabeli
yerine koyma şifresi olan VİGENERE ŞİFRELEMESİ...
Deşifrelemede kullanılan KASISKI METODU…
RASLANTI DİZİNİ TESTİ..
KRİPTANALİZ…
4. HILL ŞİFRELEMESİ
Çok harfli şifreleme örneğidir.
Öncelikle mesajın göndericisi ve alıcısı bir anahtar nxn
lik A matrisi üzerinde anlaşmış olmalılardır.
Bu A matrisini seçerken dikkat etmemiz gereken bir
özellik ise MOD26 ya göre terslenebilen bir matris
olmasıdır.
5. Matrisimiz olsun. “T U B A “ şifrelenecek metnimiz
olsun. X=(19,20,1,0) olur.
A*X=B olacak şekilde bulduğumuz B kümesi
elemanlarına karşılık gelen harfler bizim şifreli
metnimizi oluşturur.
B=(25,5,20,5) “YFUF” olur.
Deşifreleme işleminde ise matrisin tersi
alınır, şifrelenmiş metin ila çarpılarak açık metin
bulunur.
6.
7. ENİGMA
II. Dünya savasında Almanlar tarafından
kullanıldı.Düz yazıları şifreli hale çeviren 3 rotorlu
sistem dönerek yer değiştirme yaparak şifreleme yapar.
Bu şekilde şifreleme yapılırken rotorların dönme
prensibi 26*26*26 farklı olasılığı mümkün kılar.
Deşifreleme işleminde ise alıcı enigmanın ilk ayarlarını
ve şifrelenmiş metni bilmelidir.
8. O dönemde çok alfabeli şifrelemelerde yaygın olarak kullanılan bu
makine, Almanların her yazıcının tarihlere göre detaylandırılmış
ayarlar kitabını yayınlamasıyla eski işlevliliğini kaybetmiştir.
9. Jefferson Diski
1790 yılında Thomas Jefferson, şu anda Jefferson Diski
adıyla bilinen sistemi geliştirmiştir. Jefferson Diski, İngiliz
alfabesinin harf sayısı nedeniyle 26 diskten oluşmaktadır.
Her disk üzerinde alfabedeki tüm harfler rastgele biçimde
yazılmıştır.
Şifreleme işlemini yapmak isteyen kişi, düz metni
Jefferson Diski'ndeki bu sırada oluşturup geri kalan
sıralardan herhangi birini seçerek şifreli metni elde
ediyordu.
Aynı özellikleri taşıyan Jefferson Diski, hem alıcı hem de
göndericide bulunmak zorundadır.
10. Şifre metni alan alıcı elindeki Jefferson Diski ile şifre metni oluşturup, geri kalan
sıralardaki anlamlı metni çıkarmış oluyordu.
Bu şifreleme aletinin benzeri II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Amerikan ordusu tarafından
kullanılmıştır.
Disklerle yapılan şifreleme bulunduktan sonra kriptograflar bu sistemi geliştirmeye
yönelik araştırmalara başladılar.
Bu nedenle Jefferson Diski, şifrelerin disklerle oluşturulmasının ilk örnekleri olarak
verilebilirler.
11. VİGENERE ŞİFRELEMESİ
16. yy da Vigenere tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Öteleme
şifrelemelerinin gelişmiş halidir.
Şifreleme yapılmasında bir anahtara ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar ne kadar uzun olursa şifre o kadar kırılması
güç olur.
Şifreleme yapılırken vigenere tablosundan yararlanılır.
Açık metin satıra, anahtar metin sütuna yerleştirilir ve
kesişimi alınır
12. ANAHTAR TUBA
ŞİFRELENEK METİN DENIZYAVUZ
D E N I Z Y A V U Z
T U B A T U B A T U
W Y O I S S B V N T şifrelenmiş metin
13.
14. Deşifreleme işlemi için de bu tablodan yararlanılabilir.
“ W Y O I S S B V N T” harflerini tabloda
bularak “T U B A” vektörünün hangi harfle
kesişerek bu harfleri elde ettiğine bakılır.
“ DENIZYAVUZ “
15. Anahtar kelimenin uzunluğu arttıkça şifrelemenin
gücü de artar.Deşifreleme o kadar güçleşir.
Görüldüğü gibi anahtarı bilinen bir şifreli metinin
deşifrelemesi işlemi oldukça basittir.
Peki ya anahtarı vermeden sadece şifrelenmiş metni
verseydi??? O zaman da deşifreleme işlemi bu kadar
kolay olur muydu???
16. KASISKI METODU
Friedrich Kasiski bu şifreyi kırmak için bir metot
geliştirdi. Bu metot anahtar kelimenin uzunluğunu
bulmaya yöneliktir. Anahtar uzunluğunu belirlemek
için yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemler Kasisky metodu
ve Rastlantı Dizini testidir.
Metodun amacı anahtar uzunluğuna ulaşmaktır.
17. Anahtar uzunluğunu bulmak için şifreli metinde
tekrarlanmış gruplar arasındaki mesafeyi
hesaplamada kullanılan bir metottur. Tekrar eden
metinler arasındaki uzaklıkların ortak çarpanlarından
birinin anahtar uzunluğu olma ihtimali yüksektir.
Bu testten yararlanmak için seçilen örneğin uzun
olması gerekmektedir. Aksi taktirde harflerin bulunma
frekansları oranı yanlış sonuçlar verebilir.
19. KRİPTANALİZ
Duz metinlerin %40’ını oluşturan sesli harfler sessiz
harfler ile ayrılırlar
_ A harfi kelimenin ya başında ya da sondan ikinci
harfi olarak bulunur
_ I harfi kelimenin genelde sondan üçüncü harfidir
_ Q harfinin arkasından U harfi gelir
_ Bazı kelimeler daha yoğun frekansa sahiptir: at, the…
20. A 8,17% G 2.02% M 2.41% S 6.33% Y 1.97%
B 1.49% H 6.09% N 6.75% T 9.06% Z 0.07%
C 2.78% I 6.97% O 7.51% U 2.76%
D 4.25% J 0.15% P 1.93% V 0.98%
E 12.7% K 0.77% Q 0.10% W 2.36%
F 2.23% L 4.03% R 5.99% X 0.15%
21. Bir paragraf ele alalım. “MANY ENGLISH PEOPLE
ARE FAUND OF GARDENS.THEY LİKE TO GROW
PLANTS AND FLOWERS İN THEİR OWN SMALL
GARDENS AND THEY ALSO ENJOY VİSİTİNG THE
GARDENS OF BİG HAUSE”(the secret garden hikaye
kitabı sf 40 2. paragraf)
Bu paragrafı açık metin olarak seçelim. Anahtarımız
da “MATH” olsun.
Bu metni ilk başta tablomuzdan yararlanarak
şifreleyelim sonra da anahtarımızı bilmiyormuş gibi
deşifreleyelim.
22. Açık metinin harflerini satıra, MATH anahtarımızın
harflerini sütuna yerleştirirsek şifreli metnimiz;
“YAGFQNZSUSAWQOISQAKLRANUPOYNMRWLZS
MOQYERQTHNDOPWXAGAEAGKRLHDQRLUFHX
YAWGZYAESSAKKQNLHZDMOQYTSEOXUVORCET
GNFHXNMRWLZSHMNGAHGSX” olur.
23. Şimdi bize anahtarımızı vermediklerini düşünelim.
Sadece elimizde şifreli metin olduğunu düşünelim ve
deşifre edelim.
“YAGFQNZSUSAWQOISQAKLRANUPOYNMRWLZSM
OQYERQTHNDOPWXAGAEAGKRLHDQRLUFHXYA
WGZYAESSAKKQNLHZDMOQYTSEOXUVORCETGN
FHXNMRWLZSHMNGAHGSX”
24.
25. ANAHTARIN BULUNMASI
1. adım Şifrelenmiş metin incelenir, tekrar
eden metin grupları arasındaki uzaklıklar bulunur.
2. adım Bu uzaklıkların ebob ları alınarak bir
anahtar uzunluğu tahmin edilir.
3. adım Tahmin edilen anahtar uzunluğunun
doğruluğu Raslantı Dizini Testi ile kontrol edilir.
4. adım Şifreli metin bulunan anahtar
uzunluğuna göre ayrılır ve kullanılan alfabe
özelliklerine göre çıkan harflerin karşılığı bulunur.
27. 2. adım;
4 sayısının çarpanları; 1,2,4
48 sayısının çarpanları; 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,16,24,48
76 sayısının çarpanları;1,2,4,19,76
Bunların ortak çarpanları 4 tür. Dolayısıyla vektör
uzunluğumuz için tahminimiz 4 tür.
28. 3. adım;
Raslantı dizini testimizi kullanarak anahtar
uzunluğumuzun 4 olup olmadığını test edelim.
29. s = 123 (şifrelenmiş metnin harf sayısı)
m = 4 (anahtar uzunluğunun tahmin edilen değeri)
IC(rastgele metin) = 1/ n (n ;kullanılan alfabenin harf
sayısıdır.)
IC(kaynak dil)= 0.065 (ingilizce için)
ICe=0.077
Verilen değerler yerine yazıldığı taktirde m=4
ifadesinin doğruluğu görülmüş olur.
30. Daha önce de gösterdiğimiz gibi şifrelenmiş metindeki
harf dağılımı aşağıdaki gibiydi.
31. 4. adım;
Anahtar uzunluğumuz 4 ise şifreli metnin 1. 5. 9. 13.
14.……. harfleri anahtarımızın 1. harfi ile şifrelenmiştir.
Aynı mantıkla 2. 6. 10. 14…… harfler de vektörümüzün
ikinci harfiyle şifrelenmiştir.
3. 7. 11…. Harfler de vektörümüzün 3. harfiyle
şifrelenmiştir
4. 8. 12. 16…. Harfler de vektörümüzün son harfiyle
şifrelenmiştir.
33. O halde;
1. harf; Y Q U Q Q R P M Z Q D X E R Q F A Y S Q Z Q
E V E F M Z N G
2. harf; A N S O A A O R S Y T O A A L R H W A A N D
Y O O T H R S G S
3 harf; G Z A I K N Y W M E H P G G H L X G E K L M
T X R G X W H A X
4. harf; F S W S L U N L O R N W A K D U Y Z S K H O
S U C N L M H
42. Şifrelenmiş metnin anahtarını harflerin bulunma
sıklıklarından yararlanarak “MATH” olarak bulduk..
Şifreli bir metnin anahtarını kullanarak nasıl
deşifreleneceğini en başta söylemiştik.(Vigenere
tablosundan yararlanarak.)
Böylece açık metin “MANY ENGLISH PEOPLE ARE
FAUND OF GARDENS.THEY LİKE TO GROW
PLANTS AND FLOWERS İN THEİR OWN SMALL
GARDENS AND THEY ALSO ENJOY VİSİTİNG THE
GARDENS OF BİG HAUSE” olur.
43. DİKKAT!
Alfabe özelliklerine ve harf frekanslarına dayalı bir
deşifreleme işlemi olduğundan kısa metinlerde her
zaman gerçek sonuçları vermeyebilir.
Anahtar uzunluğunu arttırmak şifrelemeyi güçlendirir
ve deşifrelemeyi güçleştirir.
Açık metnin hangi dilde olduğunun bilinmesi
deşifrelemede önemlidir.
En zorlu şifre bile çözülebilir, ancak zaman alır….