ROAD TRANSPORT , Bus based Public transport plays an important role and reaches all the corners of City, Rural and Hilly Regions of the country.
Public transport being provided by the State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) also employ large number of skilled and semi-skilled personnel resulting in Human Resource Development.
SRTUs are committed to its social obligations through operation of of its schedules as below .
Policy Changes & Implementation strategies for TransportDALJEETSINGH727748
The document discusses strategies to strengthen state road transport undertakings (STUs) in India. It notes that STUs face financial losses due to underinvestment, rising costs, and competition from private operators. It recommends policy changes like fiscal incentives for public transport, automatic fare adjustments, outsourcing maintenance, and tax harmonization. STUs should commit to reducing annual losses, developing performance improvement plans, and reforming operations, infrastructure, and safety to strengthen public transportation across India.
This document discusses strategies for strengthening state road transport undertakings in India. It notes that public bus transport plays an important role but many state road transport undertakings are facing financial instability and losses. It outlines some of the challenges faced by state transport undertakings, including high fuel and personnel costs. The document then discusses various strategies that could help finance public transport operations more sustainably, such as appropriately compensating for social obligations and adopting alternative funding models like polluter pays principles.
Bus Karo: Innovative Finance in Bus Transport WRI India
Bus transport financing is a global challenge. In most Indian cities, bus transport systems have fare box recovery ratios less than 1 and incur large losses. Traditional financing sources like fares, budgets and grants have limitations and are often insufficient. There is a need to tap innovative financing mechanisms like taxes on employers and commercial assets, naming rights, and leveraging existing funds. A robust institutional mechanism is also needed to effectively manage identified funding sources.
Bus transport financing is a global challenge. In most Indian cities, bus transport systems have fare box recovery ratios less than 1 and incur large losses. Traditional financing sources like fares, budgets and grants have limitations and are often insufficient. There is a need to tap innovative financing mechanisms like taxes on employers and commercial development of land around bus terminals. A dedicated institutional fund with legal backing is also needed to effectively manage identified funding sources and ensure accountability.
Comprehensive mobility plan jaipur
National Urban Transport Policy
Mobility issues – snapshot of today
Transport demand for the future
Evaluating and implementation of cmp
The document outlines a proposed national urban transport policy for India. The key objectives of the policy are to encourage integrated land use and transport planning, greater use of public transport and non-motorized modes, introduce intelligent transport systems, address road safety, reduce pollution, and raise finances through innovative mechanisms. The policy proposes various initiatives to achieve these objectives, including providing central government funding for public transport projects, prioritizing infrastructure for non-motorized transport, establishing unified metropolitan transport authorities, and conducting pilot projects and awareness campaigns.
Ravi sharma put20278 transport policies and actsRavi Sharma
The document discusses various transport policies and acts in India including the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of 2006, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), and various problems faced in urban transport like increased travel time and costs, accidents, and air pollution. It outlines the need for these policies to improve urban mobility and build capacity for urban transport planning. Key objectives of the policies are outlined like making cities more livable and enabling them to act as engines of growth. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is also discussed as an approach to integrate land use and transport planning. Methods of financing TOD projects through value capture are highlighted with examples. Acts governing metro rail operations
Policy Changes & Implementation strategies for TransportDALJEETSINGH727748
The document discusses strategies to strengthen state road transport undertakings (STUs) in India. It notes that STUs face financial losses due to underinvestment, rising costs, and competition from private operators. It recommends policy changes like fiscal incentives for public transport, automatic fare adjustments, outsourcing maintenance, and tax harmonization. STUs should commit to reducing annual losses, developing performance improvement plans, and reforming operations, infrastructure, and safety to strengthen public transportation across India.
This document discusses strategies for strengthening state road transport undertakings in India. It notes that public bus transport plays an important role but many state road transport undertakings are facing financial instability and losses. It outlines some of the challenges faced by state transport undertakings, including high fuel and personnel costs. The document then discusses various strategies that could help finance public transport operations more sustainably, such as appropriately compensating for social obligations and adopting alternative funding models like polluter pays principles.
Bus Karo: Innovative Finance in Bus Transport WRI India
Bus transport financing is a global challenge. In most Indian cities, bus transport systems have fare box recovery ratios less than 1 and incur large losses. Traditional financing sources like fares, budgets and grants have limitations and are often insufficient. There is a need to tap innovative financing mechanisms like taxes on employers and commercial assets, naming rights, and leveraging existing funds. A robust institutional mechanism is also needed to effectively manage identified funding sources.
Bus transport financing is a global challenge. In most Indian cities, bus transport systems have fare box recovery ratios less than 1 and incur large losses. Traditional financing sources like fares, budgets and grants have limitations and are often insufficient. There is a need to tap innovative financing mechanisms like taxes on employers and commercial development of land around bus terminals. A dedicated institutional fund with legal backing is also needed to effectively manage identified funding sources and ensure accountability.
Comprehensive mobility plan jaipur
National Urban Transport Policy
Mobility issues – snapshot of today
Transport demand for the future
Evaluating and implementation of cmp
The document outlines a proposed national urban transport policy for India. The key objectives of the policy are to encourage integrated land use and transport planning, greater use of public transport and non-motorized modes, introduce intelligent transport systems, address road safety, reduce pollution, and raise finances through innovative mechanisms. The policy proposes various initiatives to achieve these objectives, including providing central government funding for public transport projects, prioritizing infrastructure for non-motorized transport, establishing unified metropolitan transport authorities, and conducting pilot projects and awareness campaigns.
Ravi sharma put20278 transport policies and actsRavi Sharma
The document discusses various transport policies and acts in India including the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of 2006, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), and various problems faced in urban transport like increased travel time and costs, accidents, and air pollution. It outlines the need for these policies to improve urban mobility and build capacity for urban transport planning. Key objectives of the policies are outlined like making cities more livable and enabling them to act as engines of growth. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is also discussed as an approach to integrate land use and transport planning. Methods of financing TOD projects through value capture are highlighted with examples. Acts governing metro rail operations
The document discusses Malaysia's plans to shift reliance away from private vehicles and towards public transportation. It summarizes Malaysia's Vision 2020 goals of achieving developed nation status and unity through initiatives like the National Public Transport Framework. The Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) was formed in 2010 to lead this transformation by developing a National Land Public Transport Master Plan and several subsidiary plans focused on improving rail, bus, taxi and integration systems. Major infrastructure projects underway include the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit system, bus rapid transit lines, and the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail link. The overall aim is to increase public transportation's modal share to 40% by 2030 to reduce congestion, pollution and support economic growth
Establishing a transport authority in GautengTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Honourable Ismail Vadi (MEC: Department of Roads and Transport: Gauteng Provincial Government), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Cost Effective Public Transport Management Systems" on 12 May 2016 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme of the presentation was: "Establishing a Transport Authority in Gauteng"
Session 7b: Part I- Decarbonising urban transport - WBOECD Environment
The document discusses urban transport challenges in Indonesian cities and proposes strategies for low carbon mobility. Key points:
1) Indonesian cities face major congestion problems that hinder economic growth due to rapid motorization, low public transport usage, and lack of transit infrastructure. This leads to large economic losses and emissions increases annually.
2) Sub-national governments lack capacity to address urban mobility problems on their own. A national urban mobility policy and mass transit program are needed to support cities.
3) The World Bank proposes an "Avoid-Shift-Improve" framework focusing on shifting trips to public transit, walking, and cycling to significantly reduce emissions by 2040. Prioritizing mass transit development,
India’s urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experience across the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60% before it begins to stabilize. As such, it is projected that India’s urban population would grow to about 473 million in 2021 and 820 million by 2051, as against only 285 million in 2001. Hence, cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the current population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban population.
This document summarizes key issues and proposed solutions related to road transport in India. It discusses:
1) The modal mix in India's transport system is dominated by road transport which accounts for 90% of total energy demand.
2) Road accidents impose significant costs, with over 490,000 accidents and 140,000 deaths annually primarily due to driver fault and overloading.
3) Taxes and subsidies aim to balance revenue generation, economic efficiency, income distribution and environmental sustainability but India's transport intensity is higher than other countries.
4) Proposed solutions include streamlining taxes, strengthening institutions to develop plans and policies, promoting safety, and investing in public transport, technology, multimodal integration and research.
The document discusses setting up Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to oversee city bus services through public-private partnerships. It provides the example of Indore, India, where an SPV called Indore City Transport Services Limited was formed by the municipal corporation and development authority to contract private operators to run bus routes. The SPV selected routes, color-coded buses, implemented a smart card ticketing system and GPS tracking to coordinate the unified bus system. Setting up professionally managed SPVs is presented as an effective model for planning and operating integrated city bus networks.
This document discusses India's need for a sustainable transport strategy to balance economic growth with environmental protection. It notes that transport currently accounts for 6.6% of India's GDP and this share is projected to increase. To achieve sustainability goals, India needs to shift more freight transport from roads to railways, increase electrification of railways, implement high-speed rail projects, and boost the use of public transport and ethanol-blended petrol. The document advocates integrating land use planning with public transit development and improving connections within and between different transport modes.
The 25-year Integrated Transport Master Plan for Gauteng province outlines proposals to develop an integrated transport system to accommodate projected population and economic growth over the next 25 years. Key interventions include prioritizing public transport corridors, developing strategic transport hubs, expanding passenger rail as the backbone of public transport, and implementing travel demand management strategies to reduce congestion. The plan also proposes land use densification along transport corridors and subsidized housing near public transit to reduce reliance on private vehicles and support sustainable growth of the Gauteng City Region.
This paper is purely a data compilation of Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA) among various cities in India. It describes and compares UMTA of five different Indian cities including Hyderabad, Chennai, Indore, Pune and Jaipur. UMTA acts as an umbrella body that already co-ordinates the entire transport activities of the city are expected to cover more areas under the public transport system. This paper also studies how cities that have constituted UMTA ensures a comprehensive public transport system.
The document discusses road transport and road safety in India. It provides statistics on India's growing road network and vehicle numbers. Road transport now accounts for the majority of freight and passenger traffic compared to 1950-51. However, India faces major road safety issues like over 130,000 road accidents and 150,000 deaths annually. The Motor Vehicles Amendment Bill 2016 aims to address these issues by modernizing regulations, infrastructure and enforcement. Key proposed changes include national vehicle and driver databases, simplified licensing, stricter penalties for traffic violations, and increased emphasis on public transport and road safety standards.
A presentation by Mr Bill Cameron (Director: Public Transport: DOT) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Policy Conundrums in Urban Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Unit1- Existing Road Transport Services - Copy.pptxSachinHarkal
This document provides an overview of road transport and infrastructure in India. It discusses key statistics such as India having the second largest road network in the world. It also summarizes factors that have contributed to rapid growth in vehicle ownership such as economic development and availability of financing. While public transport accounts for 18% of commuting, dependence on private vehicles is rising due to issues with cleanliness, speed and flexibility of public options. Major initiatives to upgrade national highways are outlined as well.
This document summarizes India's road network and the National Highways Development Project. It notes that India has the second largest road network globally at over 4.24 million km, with national highways making up 70,934 km and being managed by the central government. The NHDP is one of the largest road development programs worldwide, involving upgrading over 54,000 km of national highways across 7 phases at a cost of over $60 billion through public-private partnerships and other models. Common PPP models used include BOT toll, BOT annuity, and OMT concessions which transfer construction, operation, and maintenance risks to private developers.
This document discusses sustainable transport projects in India that involve autorickshaws and taxis. It outlines three projects proposed for funding under the Global Environment Facility: 1) Promoting efficient city bus systems, 2) A public bike sharing scheme, and 3) Transforming autorickshaws into "green autos" by integrating them into a radio-taxi style dispatch system. The total estimated cost for these three demonstration projects is $618.4 crore (USD). Autorickshaws and taxis play an important urban transport role but need organizational reforms to address issues like empty trips and service quality. The session aims to discuss barriers and opportunities to promote such reforms through entrepreneurship initiatives and share best practices from other cities.
Public-Private Partnership in Urban TransportJaspal Singh
The presentation highlights the different aspects of Public Private Partnership in Urban Transport. It highlights the investment required in this sector and what are the challenges faced by private investors.
Transport for Cape Town’s role in encouraging public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Ms Melissa Whitehead (Commissioner of Transport: TCT) at the Transport Forum special interest group proudly hosted by TCT in Cape Town on 10 December 2015. The theme for the event was: "Encouraging Public Transport". The topic of the presentation was: "Transport for Cape Town’s role in Encouraging Public Transport".
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
JnNURM Bus Financing - Delhi ExperienceJaspal Singh
This presentation describes the scheme of Bus Financing launched by Ministry of Urban Development and share the experience of Delhi.
A deep insight into the requirement of JnNURM funding requirement.
Role of centre and state in finance of urban development projectanupriya sharma
The document discusses the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) scheme and its bus funding component. It provides details of the Amritsar BRTS project that was sanctioned under JnNURM, including the proposed 31 km BRTS corridor, total project cost of 495.54 crores, and sharing of funds between central government, state government, and Amritsar Municipal Corporation. It also outlines the funding pattern for procuring 93 buses for the BRTS system.
If you want a spell that is solely about getting your lover back in your arms, this spell has significant energy just to do that for your love life. This spell has the ability to influence your lover to come home no matter what forces are keeping them away. Using my magical native lost love spells, I can bring back your ex-husband or ex-wife to you, if you still love them and want them back.
Even if they have remarried my lost love spells will bring them back and they will love you once again. By requesting this spell; the lost love of your life could be back on their way to you now. This spell does not force love between partners. It works when there is genuine love between the two but for some unforeseen circumstance, you are now apart.
I cast these advanced spells to bring back lost love where I use the supernatural power and forces to reconnect you with one specific person you want back in your existence. Bring back your ex-lover & make them commit to a relationship with you again using bring back lost love spells that will help ex lost lovers forgive each other.
Losing your loved one sometimes can be inevitable but the process of getting your ex love back to you can be extremely very hard. However, that doesn’t mean that you cannot win your ex back any faster. Getting people to understand each other and create the unbreakable bond is the true work of love spells.
Love spells are magically cast with the divine power to make the faded love to re-germinate with the intensive love power to overcome all the challenges.
My effective bring back lost love spells are powerful within 24 hours. Dropping someone you adore is like breaking your heart in two pieces, especially when you are deeply in love with that character. Love is a vital emotion and has power to do the entirety glad and quality, however there comes a time whilst humans are deserted via their loved ones and are deceived, lied, wronged and blamed. Bring back your ex-girlfriend & make them commit to a relationship with you again using bring back lost love spells to make fall back in love with you.
Make your ex-husband to get back with you using bring back lost love spells to make your ex-husband to fall back in love with you & commit to marriage & with you again.
Bring back lost love spells to help ex-lover resolve past difference & forgive each other for past mistakes. Capture his heart & make him yours using love spells.
His powerful lost lover spell works in an effective and fastest way. By using a lover spell by Prof. Balaj, the individuals can bring back lost love. Its essential fascinating powers can bring back lost love, attract new love, or improve an existing relationship. With the right spell and a little faith, individuals can create the lasting and fulfilling relationship everyone has always desired.
Visit https://www.profbalaj.com/love-spells-loves-spells-that-work/ for more info or
Call/WhatsApp +27836633417 NOW FOR GUARANTEED RESULTS
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The document discusses Malaysia's plans to shift reliance away from private vehicles and towards public transportation. It summarizes Malaysia's Vision 2020 goals of achieving developed nation status and unity through initiatives like the National Public Transport Framework. The Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) was formed in 2010 to lead this transformation by developing a National Land Public Transport Master Plan and several subsidiary plans focused on improving rail, bus, taxi and integration systems. Major infrastructure projects underway include the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit system, bus rapid transit lines, and the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail link. The overall aim is to increase public transportation's modal share to 40% by 2030 to reduce congestion, pollution and support economic growth
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A presentation by Honourable Ismail Vadi (MEC: Department of Roads and Transport: Gauteng Provincial Government), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Cost Effective Public Transport Management Systems" on 12 May 2016 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme of the presentation was: "Establishing a Transport Authority in Gauteng"
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The document discusses urban transport challenges in Indonesian cities and proposes strategies for low carbon mobility. Key points:
1) Indonesian cities face major congestion problems that hinder economic growth due to rapid motorization, low public transport usage, and lack of transit infrastructure. This leads to large economic losses and emissions increases annually.
2) Sub-national governments lack capacity to address urban mobility problems on their own. A national urban mobility policy and mass transit program are needed to support cities.
3) The World Bank proposes an "Avoid-Shift-Improve" framework focusing on shifting trips to public transit, walking, and cycling to significantly reduce emissions by 2040. Prioritizing mass transit development,
India’s urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experience across the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60% before it begins to stabilize. As such, it is projected that India’s urban population would grow to about 473 million in 2021 and 820 million by 2051, as against only 285 million in 2001. Hence, cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the current population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban population.
This document summarizes key issues and proposed solutions related to road transport in India. It discusses:
1) The modal mix in India's transport system is dominated by road transport which accounts for 90% of total energy demand.
2) Road accidents impose significant costs, with over 490,000 accidents and 140,000 deaths annually primarily due to driver fault and overloading.
3) Taxes and subsidies aim to balance revenue generation, economic efficiency, income distribution and environmental sustainability but India's transport intensity is higher than other countries.
4) Proposed solutions include streamlining taxes, strengthening institutions to develop plans and policies, promoting safety, and investing in public transport, technology, multimodal integration and research.
The document discusses setting up Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to oversee city bus services through public-private partnerships. It provides the example of Indore, India, where an SPV called Indore City Transport Services Limited was formed by the municipal corporation and development authority to contract private operators to run bus routes. The SPV selected routes, color-coded buses, implemented a smart card ticketing system and GPS tracking to coordinate the unified bus system. Setting up professionally managed SPVs is presented as an effective model for planning and operating integrated city bus networks.
This document discusses India's need for a sustainable transport strategy to balance economic growth with environmental protection. It notes that transport currently accounts for 6.6% of India's GDP and this share is projected to increase. To achieve sustainability goals, India needs to shift more freight transport from roads to railways, increase electrification of railways, implement high-speed rail projects, and boost the use of public transport and ethanol-blended petrol. The document advocates integrating land use planning with public transit development and improving connections within and between different transport modes.
The 25-year Integrated Transport Master Plan for Gauteng province outlines proposals to develop an integrated transport system to accommodate projected population and economic growth over the next 25 years. Key interventions include prioritizing public transport corridors, developing strategic transport hubs, expanding passenger rail as the backbone of public transport, and implementing travel demand management strategies to reduce congestion. The plan also proposes land use densification along transport corridors and subsidized housing near public transit to reduce reliance on private vehicles and support sustainable growth of the Gauteng City Region.
This paper is purely a data compilation of Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA) among various cities in India. It describes and compares UMTA of five different Indian cities including Hyderabad, Chennai, Indore, Pune and Jaipur. UMTA acts as an umbrella body that already co-ordinates the entire transport activities of the city are expected to cover more areas under the public transport system. This paper also studies how cities that have constituted UMTA ensures a comprehensive public transport system.
The document discusses road transport and road safety in India. It provides statistics on India's growing road network and vehicle numbers. Road transport now accounts for the majority of freight and passenger traffic compared to 1950-51. However, India faces major road safety issues like over 130,000 road accidents and 150,000 deaths annually. The Motor Vehicles Amendment Bill 2016 aims to address these issues by modernizing regulations, infrastructure and enforcement. Key proposed changes include national vehicle and driver databases, simplified licensing, stricter penalties for traffic violations, and increased emphasis on public transport and road safety standards.
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More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
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This document provides an overview of road transport and infrastructure in India. It discusses key statistics such as India having the second largest road network in the world. It also summarizes factors that have contributed to rapid growth in vehicle ownership such as economic development and availability of financing. While public transport accounts for 18% of commuting, dependence on private vehicles is rising due to issues with cleanliness, speed and flexibility of public options. Major initiatives to upgrade national highways are outlined as well.
This document summarizes India's road network and the National Highways Development Project. It notes that India has the second largest road network globally at over 4.24 million km, with national highways making up 70,934 km and being managed by the central government. The NHDP is one of the largest road development programs worldwide, involving upgrading over 54,000 km of national highways across 7 phases at a cost of over $60 billion through public-private partnerships and other models. Common PPP models used include BOT toll, BOT annuity, and OMT concessions which transfer construction, operation, and maintenance risks to private developers.
This document discusses sustainable transport projects in India that involve autorickshaws and taxis. It outlines three projects proposed for funding under the Global Environment Facility: 1) Promoting efficient city bus systems, 2) A public bike sharing scheme, and 3) Transforming autorickshaws into "green autos" by integrating them into a radio-taxi style dispatch system. The total estimated cost for these three demonstration projects is $618.4 crore (USD). Autorickshaws and taxis play an important urban transport role but need organizational reforms to address issues like empty trips and service quality. The session aims to discuss barriers and opportunities to promote such reforms through entrepreneurship initiatives and share best practices from other cities.
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More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
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If you want a spell that is solely about getting your lover back in your arms, this spell has significant energy just to do that for your love life. This spell has the ability to influence your lover to come home no matter what forces are keeping them away. Using my magical native lost love spells, I can bring back your ex-husband or ex-wife to you, if you still love them and want them back.
Even if they have remarried my lost love spells will bring them back and they will love you once again. By requesting this spell; the lost love of your life could be back on their way to you now. This spell does not force love between partners. It works when there is genuine love between the two but for some unforeseen circumstance, you are now apart.
I cast these advanced spells to bring back lost love where I use the supernatural power and forces to reconnect you with one specific person you want back in your existence. Bring back your ex-lover & make them commit to a relationship with you again using bring back lost love spells that will help ex lost lovers forgive each other.
Losing your loved one sometimes can be inevitable but the process of getting your ex love back to you can be extremely very hard. However, that doesn’t mean that you cannot win your ex back any faster. Getting people to understand each other and create the unbreakable bond is the true work of love spells.
Love spells are magically cast with the divine power to make the faded love to re-germinate with the intensive love power to overcome all the challenges.
My effective bring back lost love spells are powerful within 24 hours. Dropping someone you adore is like breaking your heart in two pieces, especially when you are deeply in love with that character. Love is a vital emotion and has power to do the entirety glad and quality, however there comes a time whilst humans are deserted via their loved ones and are deceived, lied, wronged and blamed. Bring back your ex-girlfriend & make them commit to a relationship with you again using bring back lost love spells to make fall back in love with you.
Make your ex-husband to get back with you using bring back lost love spells to make your ex-husband to fall back in love with you & commit to marriage & with you again.
Bring back lost love spells to help ex-lover resolve past difference & forgive each other for past mistakes. Capture his heart & make him yours using love spells.
His powerful lost lover spell works in an effective and fastest way. By using a lover spell by Prof. Balaj, the individuals can bring back lost love. Its essential fascinating powers can bring back lost love, attract new love, or improve an existing relationship. With the right spell and a little faith, individuals can create the lasting and fulfilling relationship everyone has always desired.
Visit https://www.profbalaj.com/love-spells-loves-spells-that-work/ for more info or
Call/WhatsApp +27836633417 NOW FOR GUARANTEED RESULTS
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POLICY CHANGES &IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR STRENGTHENING STATE ROAD TRANSPORT UNDERTAKINGS
1. ASSOCIATION OF STATE ROAD TRANSPORT
UNDERTAKINGS
New Delhi
POLICY CHANGES
&IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
FOR
STRENGTHENING
STATE ROAD TRANSPORT
UNDERTAKINGS
2. OVERVIEW
1 Scenario of Public Transport in India
2 Operational Statistics
3 Challenges in Operations of STUs
4 Why Public Transport?
5 Strategies for Financing Public Transport
operations
6 Policy Frameworks to strengthen Public
Transport
7 Commitments & Way Forward
3. • Bus based Public transport plays an important
role and reaches all the corners of City, Rural
and Hilly Regions of the country.
• Public transport being provided by the State
Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) also
employ large number of skilled and semi-
skilled personnel resulting in Human Resource
Development.
• SRTUs are committed to its social obligations
through operation of of its schedules as
below .
Based on the case study of
one of the STU
40% Schedules on Loss
42% on Breakeven
18% in Marginal Profit
Scenario of Public Transport
4. •Most of the SRTUs have been facing
diminishing returns and have slowly
deteriorated thereby incurring losses and
financial instability.
•The underinvestment over a period of time
in public bus transport lead to the increase in
attraction to the personalized mode of
transport and penetration of unabated
private players.
•This has resulted in decrease in services and
quality of buses
Scenario of Public Transport
5. Public Transport in India
The Present Scenario
Total buses in India are 16.76 lac out of which owned by Private are 15.44 lac.
No. of Buses per 1000 people
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
South
Korea
Russia China Turkey Brazil Japan Germany Mexico India
China has 6 buses per 1000 people
India Has less than 1.5 Bus per 1,000
people.
6. Only less than 1.5 Number of Buses per 1000
Population
Need at least 10 lac additional numbers of
Buses to cater to the Transport need of the
people
50 Cities with Million plus Population and
another 500 Cities and Towns with more than
100,000 Population in the Country at present
which require Quality and Organized Public
Transport (List Annexed)
Only 1,80,000 Villages are connected with
organized Public Transport out of 5,93,000
inhabited Villages, ASRTU has submitted a
report to the Govt.of India for inducting
50,000 more buses at a cost of more than
Scenario of Public Transport
7. OPERATIONAL STATISTICS OF STUs
STUs in the country owned 140497 buses as on 31st
March 2015 . Approximately 8000 buses engaged
from private sector on hire basis for their operations.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
•The total capital & liabilities structure of reporting
STUs was Rs. 26875.49 crore (including cumulative
losses) as on March 2014.
•The total capital contribution made by State
Governments and the Central Government is Rs.
24685.27 crore.
•The total loan capital from IDBI, LIC and other banks
was Rs. 5435.69 crore.
•The STUs have to heavily depend on general and
other reserves besides loan capital from open
market. Current liabilities (inclusive of short terms
provision and borrowings) increased to Rs.
8. Some of the STUs could make surplus before tax
during 2014-15 as given below:
Sl.N
o.
Name of the STU Profit Before Tax (2014-15)
(Rs. in Cr.)
1 BMTC 46.17
2 GSRTC 127.29
3 Karnataka SRTC 114.43
4 MSRTC 688.13
5 NEKRTC 52.62
6 NWKRTC 48.13
7 OSRTC 10.11
8 PEPSU 8.58
9 PUNBUS 88.03
10 UPSRTC 354.57
9. Revenue & Expenditure Distribution in
STUs
• 41% of the total cost is towards Manpower
• 38% is towards Fuel and Spares
10. •STUs could recover overall total cost of 86% from
the total revenue (including subsidies,
reimbursement of fare concessions and non-traffic
revenue) leaving 14% of the total cost uncovered
resulting a net loss of Rs. 7112.62 crore.
•Rural STUs recovered 90.0%, hill region 80.4% and
urban STUs 70.1% of their total cost respectively.
•The financial performance in hill region and urban
STUs is not healthy.
•The operating cost comprising personnel and
material cost grabbed 94.9% of the total revenue of
all the reporting STUs.
•It is alarming that 74% of the revenue goes on
personnel cost alone in urban STUs, 51% in hill
region while it is 43% in rural STUs.
•Overall personnel cost rose to Rs. 14.97 per km
during the current year as compared to Rs. 13.83 last
11. MATERIAL & FUEL COST
• In the year 2013-14, the material cost of
reporting STUs is Rs. 13.86 per km. and it forms
38.4% of total cost which means an increase by
14.93% over the previous year.
• The major component of material cost is fuel
(Diesel & CNG). Fuel cost also increased to Rs.
12.07 per km from Rs. 10.20 in 2012-13, a rise of
18.33%. However, the fuel cost during 2014-15
reduced due to the reduction in diesel prices.
Presently the purchase cost of a bus is
compounded with commodity taxation, viz,
Central Excise and State VAT/Sales Tax.
12. INTEREST & TAXES
•The component of interest in
total cost is 7.5% for the
reporting STUs.
•During 2013-14, STUs paid Rs.
3352.64 crore as taxes which is
9 to 15% of their total revenue.
KARNATAKA SRTC
Pays:-
• MV Plus
Passenger Tax 83
cr
• Taxes on Fuel 126
cr
• Excise Duty 15 cr
• Sales Tax 22 cr
Out of a turnover
of 1800 cr.
CONCESSION AND FREE PASSES
•Financial burden, due to concessional fare free
passes, only few State Governments compensate on
this account.
Details of subsidies:
•Students' concession : Rs. 3041.82 crore, free pass to
blinds and physically handicapped : Rs. 418.78 crore,
freedom fighters and MLAs : Rs. 17.14crore,
Journalist :Rs. 32.43 crore, Senior Citizens: Rs. 610.56
crore and Others Rs. 195.01 crore.
•Total financial burden was Rs. 4315.75 crore and re-
imbursement received was Rs. 3447.01 crore in 2013-
14.
13. FARE STRUCTURE
•STUs’ fare is administered by the State
Governments.
•In states like Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and
Punjab the component of passenger tax is
added to the fare, while in Maharashtra and
Gujarat passenger tax is charged on traffic
revenue.
FLEET STRENGTH
•The fleet strength of STUs has remained
stagnant for almost a decade due to paucity of
funds.
14. OPERATIONS
•Financing of the operation by the revenues from
fares/user charges and capital funding is challenging.
•The Purchase cost of bus consisting of multiple
commodity taxation, viz, Central Excise and State
VAT/Sales Tax.
•Public Buses are subject to MV Tax and Passenger
Tax which needs to be rationalized.
•There is heavy and varying incidence of MVTax on
State Transport buses.
•SRTUs in Maharashtra and Gujarat contribute 17%
of their respective turnover towards MV Tax: in
Rajasthan MV Tax is 2.1% of the current cost of bus
chassis on a monthly basis.: in UP the average
incidence tax on UPSRTC bus was Rs.2.35 lakh which
is almost four times what a private operator paid.
15. • The Union Budget 2016 has provided a path
breaking direction to the passenger transport
segment in the Country
• The Budget provides for amendments to be
made in Motor Vehicles Act to open up the road
transport sector in the passenger segment
• Legal reforms will have to form a part of a
broader sector reforms initiative.
• The STUs in India are key to public transport;
need restructuring to provide proper passenger
services. STU reforms will form the core of the
sector reforms initiative.
Towards an efficient & reformed
Public Transport System
A classic example is the reforms in the Power
Sector in the year 2008-09 with an assistance of
40,000 crore to to reduce the transmission losses.
16. • Public transportation helps to alleviate our
nation’s crowded network of roads by
providing transportation choices.
• Area required on road
For 60 people by car:1440 sqmt.
For 60 people by bus: 36 sqmt.
• Parking requirement per passenger is also
significantly lower thus reducing burden on
Road Infrastructure
• Per capita reduction in carbon emission and
carbon footprint of transport compared to
personalized modes of transport.
WHY PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORT TO BE
PROMOTED?
17. Contd…
• The urgent need to strengthen the
SRTUs/bus passenger transport in the
country is to overcome pollution,
congestion and road accidents which
are the grave concern to the society
at large.
• To achieve the above goal and to
move the public efficiently, high
capacity mode of Public Transport is
required with the motive “move
people-not vehicle”.
• PPP Mode of high capacity buses and
BRT are better solutions as, the
capital investment compared to the
Rs. 4,300
crore was
budgeted for
the buses
under
JnNURM in
the 11th plan
while a single
Delhi airport
metro line
costed about
Rs. 5,700
Crore.
18. STRATEGIES FOR FINANCING OF PUBLIC
TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
•Appropriately compensating for social
obligations, Public Bus Transport can be operated
on commercial lines.
•Some of the alternatives to user charges adopted
in some developed countries including following
options which may not only restrict the private
vehicles on road but also promote the extensive
use of Public Transport:
•Polluter Pays: vehicles which entail pollution
compensate for the cost imposed on the
community. The vehicles that cause congestion
pay a fee to use the roads. The compensation paid
19. Beneficiary Pays: those who benefit from a
service meet its costs. Employers in particular
gain from the provision of public Transport
services which give them access to wider labor-
markets. The French Transport Tax (Versement
Transport ) requires employers with more than
nine staff to contribute towards the cost of public
transport investment and operation. Besides
construction of new public transport
infrastructure could be partly funded from the
rents and sale values of property/premises of
public transport operators/stations.
Public Exchequer: through national and local
taxation, this is borne by the taxpayers whether
The Navi Mumbai Municipal Act envisages the
enhancement of FSI and the commercial value
along the Bus Corridor. This will not only
encourage public transport but increase the
revenue to Municipal Authority.
20. POLICY FRAME WORKS TO STRENGTHEN STUs
Some Policy Framework, for an efficient and
organized Public Bus Transport system are:
1. Provide fiscal incentives to encourage Public Bus
Transport
eg: Gujarat State wherein Rs.700 Crore is
budgeted annually for GSRTC for providing rural
Transport.
2. Automatic adjustment in fare increase by which
STUs may be compensated for increase in
operational costs on account of fuel and
manpower costs.
3. Explore new forms of procurement rolling stock
(through leasing) and outsourcing of
maintenance operations.
21. Contd….
6. Harmonize the MV Tax, which is a State subject
can be suitably addressed through the
empowered committee of State Ministers of
Transport.
7. To promote much needed investment in the
road public transport system there is urgent need
to strengthen it with following :
(a)Adequate funds towards fleet modernization.
(b)Upgrade bus infrastructure-bus terminals,
stops etc.,
(c)Integration of Bus Transport with Multi-modal
Transports.
8. Non-traffic revenue mobilization.
9.Equity infusion & Financial assistance by the
22. 1
Commitment to reduce losses on annual basis over next three
to five years
2
Submit a long term scheme for performance improvement with
timelines for deliverables
3 Design a roadmap for legal and regulatory reforms
4
Manpower Rationalisation through usage of IT to enhance
Customer experience
5 Efficient Operations and Maintenance
6 Improved Bus Ports by utilisation of available land & resources
7 Commitment to improve road safety to reduce the huge
amount of road accident compensations being paid by STUs
(overall 400 Crore paid by the STUs annually)
What STUs have to commit
23. when the vision is clear the cause is
noble
and
there is energy within to move
forward
then no constraints remain as
constraints
they get converted into challenges
and the efforts will overcome
challenges.