Controlling is the process of monitoring and regulating activities to ensure they are performed efficiently and effectively. It involves establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing results to standards, and taking corrective actions. The key principles of controlling are: 1. It establishes performance standards based on organizational goals and objectives. 2. It measures and analyzes performance to see if standards are being met. 3. It identifies deviations from standards so that corrective actions can be taken to improve performance.