veterinary pododemodicosis

1. PODODEMODICOSIS
SUBMITTED TO:
Department of VMD
SUBMITTED BY:
Pavan Gowda
HVK 1936

2. SIGNALMENT
 Date : 18/10/2023
 Case number : 37667
 Species : Canine
 Breed : Labrador
 Age : 2yr
 Sex : Female

3. ANAMNESIS
• A Labrador breed of dog with 2years of age presented
to the TVCC 0f Hassan, with history of ---
• Skin lesions in all the 4 feet and surrounding region
since 1 week
• Itching and licking was seen
• normal feed and water intake
• normal urination and defecation
• Duration of illness – 1 week
• Feed / diet – rice , pedigree
• Vaccination – done
• Deworming – not done

5. OBSERVATION
 Temperature – 102.4 F
 CMM – Pale pink
 Body weight – 32kg
 Heart rate- 104 bpm
 Respiratory rate – 28/min
# Animal was active
#All the feet were swollen,erythematous,
ulcerated and painful on palpation
#Papules and pustules are present in interdigital
webs,ventral paw pads and around the claw beds

6. • SAMPLE : Skin scraping, Skin impression
• Lab result :
Skin scraping – Positive for demodex egg, mite
Tentative diagnosis : pododemodicosis
Differential diagnosis :pododermatitis/pyoderma
(1) (2)
Demodex mite

7. TREATMENT
# Tab. Bayrosin(150mg)--- 5 days
• PRESCRIBED
# Inj.Ivermectin@0.2mg/kg---0.65 ml S/C

8. ✓ Shampoo. Petben – 200 ml bathe once in
7 days
✓ Liq. Ridd – 6 ml ( 4ml in 1L water )
once in 7 days

9. RECOVERY
BEFORE
AFTER

10. DEMODICOSIS IN DOGS
 SYNONYM : Red mange / follicular mange
 Relatively common disease that affects predominantly
pure-bred dogs.
 ETIOLOGY : Demodex canis
 It is associated with the proliferation of the mites Demodex
canis, which are normal inhabitants of hair follicle.
 Sometimes of the sebaceous glands where they live on
sebum and cellular debris.

11. Four stages are seen –
1.Egg [ Diamond shaped ]
2.Larvae [ 6 legged ]
3.Nymph [ 8 legged ]
4.Adult [ 8 legged ]
The habitat is restricted to skin, but may be found in
ear canal.
HERIDITY : Transmitted from dam to puppies during
nursing within first 72hours after birth.
The mites spend entire life cycle on the host and the
disease is not considered to be contagious.

12. PREDISPOSING FACTORS
1. Young age group
2. Short haired breeds (Dachshund, boxer etc)
3. Immunosuppression
4. Malnutrion and debility
5. Ectoparasitic infestation
6. Endoparasitic burden
7. Certain systemic diseases (distemper,hepatitis,protozoal
infection etc)
8. Alteration in the cutaneous pH

13. PATHOGENESIS
Alteration of
normal
physiology of
the
skinfavoursth
e
precipitation
of the
problem.
Mites reach
the hair
follicles.
Multiply and
produce
over
distension of
hair follicles.
Rupture of
the follicles. Folliculitis

14. Thus the skin surface is covered with numerous scales
Epidermal cells proliferate and occlude orifices of the hair follicle
Proliferation of the mites are thus considered assebophillic
They grow and multiply, feeding the decomposed sebum [rich in nitrogen]
Some mites may penetrate into sebaceous glands

15. Some may reach vital organs likeliver,lungs,thyroidglandetc
This is known as internal phase ofdemodicosis
Due to rupture of hair follicles mites enter lymph vessels and ultimately
lodge in lymph nodes
Thus causesuppurativefolliculitis orperifolliculitis
Resident bacteria gain entry through the damaged skin

16. Development of pustular
demodicosis[PYODEMODICOSIS]
Proliferation of mites within hair follicle interferes with the
normal clearing mechanisms of the follicle.
Then predisposes to infection with Staphylococcus
pseudointermedius.
Subsequent rupture of the hair follicle leads to a bacterial
furunculosis and free mites in the dermis initiate a foreign
body reaction.
Free keratin from the hair shaft represents further foreign
body material.
In long standing cases the infection can go deeper and
cellulitis develops.
Leads to severe pododemodecosis when it involves
interdigital area.

17. CLASSIFICATION AND CLINICAL SIGNS
There are 3 types –
1. Localised demodicosis
Occurs in puppies of 3-6 months old
Lesions consist of small alopetic and erythematous
patches with scaling.
Lesions are confined to periocular and corners of lips
and forelimbs. Later hyperpigmentation may develop.
Pruritis is absent or mild.
Most of the cases resolve spontaneously within 6-8
weeks.

18. 2.Generalised juvenile onset demodicosis
It is the result of inherited immunologic defect with
functional abnormality associated with cell mediated
immunity.
Breeds predisposed include – German shepherd, Great
dane, English bull dog, Dalmatian, Dachshund, Beagle…
Severe disease of young dogs with generalised lesions like
erythema, papules, alopecia, oily seborrhoea, edema,
hyperpigmentation and crusts.
Dogs can have systemic illness with generalised
lymphadenopathy, lethargy, fever when deep pyoderma,
furunculosis or cellulitis is seen.
The prognosis is guarded.

19. 3.Generalised adult onset demodicosis
Seen in adult dogs
It is typically associated with immunosuppression
triggered by some neoplastic processes or debilitating
diseases such as malignant melonoma,
hyperadrenocortiscism, hypothyroidism, diabetes
mellitus etc or the the use of corticosteroids.
The lesions and their distribution are same as for
juvenile onset demodicosis.
The prognosis is especially guarded, if the underlying
disease is successfully controlled, then the demodicosis
is also be controlled.

20. • CLINICAL FORMS
1. Squamous form
It resembles dry eczematous lesions.
Serous fluid may escape which may dry up with
formation of scab.
There is no itching and hyperpigmentation of skin is
observed.
2. Squamo-papular form
Formation of papular lesions due to superimposed
bacterial infection.

21. 3. Pustular form
Papular lesions formed are transformed into pustular
form due to accumulation of pus.
Skin surface may be covered with brownish gray
crusts, gray scab and assume a red colour.
This condition is known as Red mange.
In neglected case, the skin is swollen and there is
ulcerative or gangrenous lesion.
In chronic cases, animal becomes emaciated due to
excessive loss of skin protein.
Animal may emit a disagreeable odour from skin
surface.

22. DIAGNOSIS
1. History
2. Clinical signs
3. Skin scrapings
# Other diagnostic aids
1. Examination of hair pluckings.
2. Examination of the pustular exudate.
3. Skin biopsies.
4. Skin swabs
5. Hematological examination

23. DIFFERNTIAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Dermatophytosis
2. Leishmaniasis
3. Pyoderma
4. Sporotrichosis

24. TREATMENT
Aggressive acaricidal therapy is necessary
# Amitraz @ 250 ppm for every 2 weeks in USA
500 ppm weekly in other countries
# Prior shampooing with sulphur/salicylic acid
or benzoyl peroxide shampoo is helpful.
# Milbemycin oxime @ 1-2 mg/kg for 8weeks
# Ivermectin @ 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/day
# A combination of 10% imidacloprid and 2.5%
moxidectin – spot on – weekly
Antibiotic therapy in cases of pustular demodicosis.
Supportive therapy – improve nutrition, any underlying
disease must be treated first.

25. Therapeutic precautions
Local and systemic corticosteroids are contraindicated.
Do not administer macrocyclic lactone medications to collies and
collies crosses.

26. References

27. Thank you