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Play

Editor's Notes

  • #16 Observe children just before recess. It does not explain why people with little energy still play.
  • #17 Some people don’t live stressed lives.
  • #18 Some people don’t live stressed lives.
  • #20 The playful fighting of animals or the rough and tumble play of children are essentially the practice of skills that will later aid their survival.
  • #25 But many don’t reflect history like bungee jumping, hacky sack, hang gliding, Gameboy and many more.
  • #27 The child passes into a region of playful unreality where things are changeable and arbitrary
  • #35 According Freud, Play in children helps to relieve various forms of anxiety which include objective anxiety, the fear of the external world; instinctual anxiety; the fear of ones own instincts and the anxiety of conscience (super ego). Freud further suggests that children during infancy cannot oppose actively and defend themselves from the outside world either physically or by modification according to their will. Their ego thus in all kinds of ways “endeavors to defend itself against it by means of physical force or to modify it in accordance to their own will” (Freud, 1936) The ego in children according to Freud thus defends itself by denial of reality by fantasy, transformation of reality to suit own purpose and fulfill own wishes and it is at this point that the child accepts reality. He suggests that children express denial in form of play using word or art. He suggested that; “A small handbag or tiny umbrella is intended to help a little girl to pretend to be a grown-up lady. Toy weapons of various sorts enable a little boy to ape manhood. Even dolls create the fiction of motherhood, while trains, cars, or blocks produce in the minds of children the agreeable fantasy that they can control the world”. (Freud, 1936) Doesn’t explain most recreation (hiking, basketball, stamp collecting.. etc)
  • #38 We play to satisfy psychic needs not satisfied through our work (boring, repetitive work..)
  • #41 (1) the condition of being capable; ability, (2) a sufficient income to live on (3) the state of being legally competent or qualified
  • #44 ‘Play’ is sometimes contrasted with ‘work’ and characterized as a type of activity which is essentially unimportant, trivial and lacking in any serious purpose. As such, it is seen as something that children do because they are immature, and as something they will grow out of as they become adults. However, as this report is intended to demonstrate, this view is mistaken. Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species, alongside language, culture and technology. Indeed, without play, none of these other achievements would be possible. The value of play is increasingly recognized, by researchers and within the policy arena, for adults as well as children, as the evidence mounts of its relationship with intellectual achievement and emotional well-being. It is a common practice of industrialized society to divide time between work and leisure, with games and playful activities constituting a very relevant subset of the latter.