3. SEI SHŌNAGON
(C .966-C .1020)
13th century ink drawing
( 1921 replica by Yamatoe Dokokai)
Chouyaku Hyakunin Isshu: Uta Koi
(2012)
4. THE PILLOW BOOK
(C. 993-1002)
• Zuihitsu (“Follow the brush”)
• T. Purcell and W. G. Aston (1889)
• Arthur Waley (1928)
• Ivan Morris (1967)
• Meredith McKinney (2006)
5. ARTHUR WALEY
(1889-1966)
• Orientalist and Sinologist
• A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1918)
• The Tale of Genji (1921-1933)
• The Pillow Book (1928)
• Monkey: A Folk-Tale of China (1942)
• Honors
Sei Shonagon
Real given name unknown
Daughter of Kyohara no Motosuke
Mid-rank, poor noble
Married at 16, first child at 27
Served Empress Teishi, consort of Emperor Ichijo
“Rivalry” with Lady Murasaki, author of Genji who served Empress Shoshi
Contemporary image of Sei as fun and playful as opposed to demure Murasaki
Hyakunin Isshu (One Hundred People, One Poem)
The Pillow Book
Zuihitsu—“Follow the brush.” Japanese genre of literature. Fragmented ideas and loosely related personal essays
Translated multiple times
Earliest translation 1889, newest 2006
Arthur Waley
Orientalist and Sinologist
A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1918)
The Tale of Genji (1921-1933)
The Pillow Book (1928)
Monkey: A Folk-Tale of China (Journey to the West) (1942)
Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1952)
Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry (’53)
Companion of Honour (’56)
Incomplete
¼ of the original work
Cut out parts considered dull, repetitive, or requiring too much context
Translating The Tale of Genji at the same time
Two Voices Overlapped
Waley includes context, which is fine
No clear dividing line between context and translation beyond switching from third-person (for Waley) to first person (for Sei)
Confusing
An Englishman’s Story
Chose parts that fit his narrative of Heian period Japan being “purely aesthetic”
Sei’s voice drowned out by Waley’s
Artistic Expression
Waley tried to get across the beauty of Sei Shonagon’s prose, which is widely admired in Japan
Largely succeeded
Deep emotion is conveyed in response to the simplest things, like the gloom of the rain or the joy of watching the royal procession
Sei Shonagan’s Voice Peeks Through
Surprisingly casual relationship with the Empress
Women as writers
Waley’s claim of Heian period being aesthetically focused has truth to it
Spark interest