The document summarizes a speech by Phil Gramm about Ronald Reagan's economic policies known as Reaganomics. Gramm argues that Reaganomics, which lowered tax rates and reduced the size of government, led to 25 years of strong economic growth and low unemployment after its implementation in 1983. He provides statistics showing increases in GDP growth, income growth, and tax revenues collected from the richest Americans after Reaganomics. The document aims to demonstrate the positive economic impact of Reagan's pro-free market policies.
Disasters like 9/11, Hurricane Katrina and the Minneapolis bridge collapse in August, force first responders, investigators, law enforcement, community and corporate leaders to work together in ways they never would day-to-day.
Effective leadership is the hallmark of a successful response to a crisis. But it also requires exceptional levels of organization, communication, cooperation and commitment by everyone involved.
How can coaching help companies, community groups and public agencies ensure that their people will be ready to take action when the worst happens?
Guests
* Len Biegel, General Counsel of the Biegel Group
* Dr. John Harrald, George Washington Institute for Crisis Disaster
* Myra Jolivet, Chief Communication and Marketing Officer for the American Red Cross of Greater Los Angeles
* Larry Smith, Coach and President of the Institute for Crisis Management
Summary
Last year, nearly a million volunteers of the American Red Cross and its 35,000 employees helped victims of almost 75,000 disasters and taught lifesaving skills to millions. From sudden crises including natural disasters and explosions to smoldering crises like class action lawsuits that can paralyze an organization, these catastrophes have a significant impact on the lives of those affected.
An October 2007 YouGov survey found world events and crises left 56% of people surveyed feeling powerless, 50% of people surveyed feeling angry, 35% of people surveyed feeling anxious and 26% of people surveyed feeling depressed.
Are today’s corporations and small to medium sized businesses prepared to handle a crisis when it occurs?
And how are coaches who specialize in crisis prevention and response working with organizations to prepare and guide leaders through these catastrophic events?
Our panel of experts address these questions and more.
The document discusses a presentation about the financial crisis, its impacts on risk management, and key lessons learned. It begins with standard disclaimers and an agenda. The presentation argues that the crisis was due to systemic failures from national policies promoting homeownership, monetary policy, poor risk controls at firms, and corporate governance issues, rather than a lack of regulation. It also provides context on the Dodd-Frank Act and regulatory reform timeline.
Central bank intervention operations aim to influence exchange rates. While past studies show mixed results on effectiveness, this study examines the effects of US, German, and Japanese intervention policies on dollar-mark and dollar-yen exchange rate volatility from 1977-1994. The results generally indicate that intervention operations increase exchange rate volatility, particularly for secret interventions not reported to the public. However, overt interventions in the mid-1980s appear to have reduced exchange rate volatility in some cases.
This document is a mock interview guide for Timothy Geithner containing 21 questions for his role as the 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury. The questions cover a range of topics from his first year in office and handling of the financial crisis to specific programs implemented under his tenure and international relationships. The document provides background on Geithner and cites multiple sources to inform the questions.
This document summarizes and discusses several topics related to economics and government, including:
1) It summarizes the 3-part Allied Mindstorm university challenge and provides information on how to apply.
2) It discusses problems with large governments including issues with money like inflation and decreasing purchasing power over time, continuous intervention in the economy leading to unintended consequences, and soaring government debt levels that may eventually need to be redeemed causing economic instability.
3) It provides definitions and brief histories of concepts like the state, money, and inflation and argues for limited government and banking systems to control debt growth.
This document provides guidance on finding reliable sources for academic writing. It discusses print and electronic sources such as books, journals, newspapers, and websites. It recommends searching library catalogs and databases, as well as specific academic websites and journals. Non-academic websites and sources found through basic Google searches are not recommended. The document outlines activities for students to explore the table of contents of journals and archive articles of interest from recommended sources.
A Matter of Plain Reason: Why Christians Must Believe in Joseph SmithRonald Kimmons
They say: "You believe in a different Jesus."
I say: "It is wonderful that you believe in Jesus. Since you do, you have to believe in living prophets, as prophetic guidance is an essential aspect of Christianity. And no one in modern times has a stronger case for being such a prophet than Joseph Smith."
Václav Klaus, president of the Czech Republic, delivered a speech in Berlin criticizing the current state of the European Union. He argues that the EU integration process and the evolution of the European social and economic system have fundamentally changed Europe for the worse. Specifically, EU integration has undermined nation states and democratic accountability, and led to problems like the euro currency zone. Additionally, Europe's economic system has shifted away from free markets toward excessive regulation, welfare benefits, and a less productive social democracy model. As a result, Europe faces serious economic and political problems that threaten its future prosperity and relevance on the global stage.
Disasters like 9/11, Hurricane Katrina and the Minneapolis bridge collapse in August, force first responders, investigators, law enforcement, community and corporate leaders to work together in ways they never would day-to-day.
Effective leadership is the hallmark of a successful response to a crisis. But it also requires exceptional levels of organization, communication, cooperation and commitment by everyone involved.
How can coaching help companies, community groups and public agencies ensure that their people will be ready to take action when the worst happens?
Guests
* Len Biegel, General Counsel of the Biegel Group
* Dr. John Harrald, George Washington Institute for Crisis Disaster
* Myra Jolivet, Chief Communication and Marketing Officer for the American Red Cross of Greater Los Angeles
* Larry Smith, Coach and President of the Institute for Crisis Management
Summary
Last year, nearly a million volunteers of the American Red Cross and its 35,000 employees helped victims of almost 75,000 disasters and taught lifesaving skills to millions. From sudden crises including natural disasters and explosions to smoldering crises like class action lawsuits that can paralyze an organization, these catastrophes have a significant impact on the lives of those affected.
An October 2007 YouGov survey found world events and crises left 56% of people surveyed feeling powerless, 50% of people surveyed feeling angry, 35% of people surveyed feeling anxious and 26% of people surveyed feeling depressed.
Are today’s corporations and small to medium sized businesses prepared to handle a crisis when it occurs?
And how are coaches who specialize in crisis prevention and response working with organizations to prepare and guide leaders through these catastrophic events?
Our panel of experts address these questions and more.
The document discusses a presentation about the financial crisis, its impacts on risk management, and key lessons learned. It begins with standard disclaimers and an agenda. The presentation argues that the crisis was due to systemic failures from national policies promoting homeownership, monetary policy, poor risk controls at firms, and corporate governance issues, rather than a lack of regulation. It also provides context on the Dodd-Frank Act and regulatory reform timeline.
Central bank intervention operations aim to influence exchange rates. While past studies show mixed results on effectiveness, this study examines the effects of US, German, and Japanese intervention policies on dollar-mark and dollar-yen exchange rate volatility from 1977-1994. The results generally indicate that intervention operations increase exchange rate volatility, particularly for secret interventions not reported to the public. However, overt interventions in the mid-1980s appear to have reduced exchange rate volatility in some cases.
This document is a mock interview guide for Timothy Geithner containing 21 questions for his role as the 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury. The questions cover a range of topics from his first year in office and handling of the financial crisis to specific programs implemented under his tenure and international relationships. The document provides background on Geithner and cites multiple sources to inform the questions.
This document summarizes and discusses several topics related to economics and government, including:
1) It summarizes the 3-part Allied Mindstorm university challenge and provides information on how to apply.
2) It discusses problems with large governments including issues with money like inflation and decreasing purchasing power over time, continuous intervention in the economy leading to unintended consequences, and soaring government debt levels that may eventually need to be redeemed causing economic instability.
3) It provides definitions and brief histories of concepts like the state, money, and inflation and argues for limited government and banking systems to control debt growth.
This document provides guidance on finding reliable sources for academic writing. It discusses print and electronic sources such as books, journals, newspapers, and websites. It recommends searching library catalogs and databases, as well as specific academic websites and journals. Non-academic websites and sources found through basic Google searches are not recommended. The document outlines activities for students to explore the table of contents of journals and archive articles of interest from recommended sources.
A Matter of Plain Reason: Why Christians Must Believe in Joseph SmithRonald Kimmons
They say: "You believe in a different Jesus."
I say: "It is wonderful that you believe in Jesus. Since you do, you have to believe in living prophets, as prophetic guidance is an essential aspect of Christianity. And no one in modern times has a stronger case for being such a prophet than Joseph Smith."
Václav Klaus, president of the Czech Republic, delivered a speech in Berlin criticizing the current state of the European Union. He argues that the EU integration process and the evolution of the European social and economic system have fundamentally changed Europe for the worse. Specifically, EU integration has undermined nation states and democratic accountability, and led to problems like the euro currency zone. Additionally, Europe's economic system has shifted away from free markets toward excessive regulation, welfare benefits, and a less productive social democracy model. As a result, Europe faces serious economic and political problems that threaten its future prosperity and relevance on the global stage.
Chapter 20 Resurgence of Conservatism.pptxRyanMcElroy13
This document provides an overview of events during Ronald Reagan's presidency from 1980-1992, including his economic policies known as "Reaganomics", increases in military spending and the national debt, deregulation of industries, Supreme Court nominations, and foreign policy decisions. The Iran-Contra affair is summarized as a scandal involving secret arms sales to Iran and funding of Nicaraguan Contras in violation of Congress. Reagan's interventions in Central America, including support for El Salvador's government and funding Contras to overthrow Nicaragua's Sandinista regime, are also covered.
The document provides background information on the rise of conservatism in the United States during the late 1970s and 1980s. It discusses how Ronald Reagan appealed to conservative voters who were frustrated with the economy and foreign policy. Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of tax cuts, increased military spending, and limited government. As president, Reagan implemented economic and foreign policies aimed at reducing the size and role of government.
While our nation faces serious issues right now, there are compelling reasons to consider investing today.
As the nation recovers from the Great Recession, something’s happening that should give investors hope.
The document discusses several key events and trends from the 1980s under the Reagan administration. It describes the savings and loan crisis of the early 1980s, Reagan's "Reaganomics" economic policy focused on tax cuts and increased military spending, and the rise of unemployment. It also discusses the AIDS epidemic, Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" campaign, the yuppie culture, Reagan's confrontational stance against the Soviet Union and communism, and several foreign policy events like the invasions of Grenada and Panama. Fashion, slang, and fads of the 1980s are also summarized.
The document summarizes key aspects of conservatism and the Reagan presidency in the 1980s in America. It discusses the conservative viewpoints on limited government involvement in the economy and reliance on the military. It outlines criticisms of liberalism and how Reagan's election capitalized on economic struggles. His policies focused on tax cuts, deregulation, and increased military spending. The economy improved but deficits and poverty increased. The document also briefly mentions George H.W. Bush's presidency.
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of reducing the size and role of government. Known as "Reaganomics", his economic policies sought to lower taxes, reduce regulations, and control inflation. While critics argued it primarily benefited the wealthy, unemployment decreased during Reagan's terms and economic growth recovered after a recession. However, the national debt also increased substantially. Reagan's confrontational rhetoric towards the Soviet Union contributed to growing internal reforms and the eventual dissolution of the USSR in the early 1990s.
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980, defeating Jimmy Carter. Reagan implemented economic policies known as "Reaganomics" which aimed to lower taxes, reduce government spending and regulation, and control inflation. The Reagan years saw strong economic growth and falling unemployment, though budget deficits increased substantially. Meanwhile, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union and introduced reforms of openness (glasnost) and restructuring (perestroika) that helped lead to the end of the Cold War.
This PPT is from a 2017 presentation for AGP at their national convention. It covers the impact on agriculture from Federal Reserve policies, from the incoming Trump administration and from changing agriculture technology. If you want to find out why a finger with bandaid makes Fed policy difficult, contact us here: http://www.andrewbusch.com/?page=contact
This document analyzes the effects of deregulation on the economies of Delaware, South Dakota, and the United States from 1970-1998. It discusses how both states had economies highly dependent on single sectors (South Dakota on agriculture, Delaware on manufacturing) and faced economic struggles in the 1970s. In response, South Dakota and Delaware eliminated usury laws in 1980-1981 to attract the financial industry, hoping it would spur growth. The document examines data on each state and sector before and after deregulation, and presents an empirical model to analyze the long-term economic impacts.
His 122 ch 33 a conservative realignment 1977 1990dcyw1112
Ronald Reagan was a former actor and governor of California who ran unsuccessfully for president in 1976 before winning in 1980. His presidency ushered in a conservative realignment as evangelical Christians increasingly backed Republican policies. Reagan cut taxes and increased defense spending, which contributed to large budget deficits. His foreign policy aggressively confronted Soviet expansionism and he met with Gorbachev to sign nuclear arms treaties, helping end the Cold War. However, social programs were reduced and homelessness increased during his terms.
The document summarizes the economic situation in the United States from 1981 to 2011 under different presidents. It discusses Ronald Reagan's economic policies of reducing taxes and government spending which led to strong economic growth during his terms. It then discusses the policies and economies under George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, including the 2008 financial crisis and recession at the end of Bush's second term.
Ronald Reagan believed that government was the problem, not the solution. His economic policies, known as Reaganomics, aimed to reduce government spending, taxes, and regulation to stimulate economic growth. Reaganomics emphasized reducing income tax rates, especially for the wealthy, in order to incentivize business investment and job creation. While critics argued it benefited only the rich, proponents claimed it led to increased tax revenues and widespread economic prosperity in the 1980s.
The document discusses the rise of conservatism in the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It describes how Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 with support from the growing conservative movement. Reagan's election represented a significant shift in the nation's political direction towards more conservative policies. The Reagan Revolution brought supply-side economic policies, tax cuts, deregulation, and increased military spending. Despite economic troubles early in his presidency, Reagan remained popular and was re-elected in 1984.
“Rebooting after the economic crash: IT, ET and America 3.0.”
Professor Jonathan Taplin , USC Annenberg School and ARNIC
The financial crisis will leave the next president with the task of rebuilding a shattered American economy. Professor Taplin will describe the potential roles of information technology and energy technology in America 3.0.
The introduction to Solutions for America highlights several key components of the document and discusses the role and necessity for change in America.
Ronald Reagan served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was the first and only actor elected to the presidency. During his two terms in office, Reagan pursued policies of cutting taxes, increasing national defense spending, and seeking "peace through strength" in foreign policy. The primary strength of Reagan's presidency was his communication skills, which earned him the nickname "The Great Communicator."
Road Safety Essay. Essay On Road Safety PDFLiza Shirar
Road Safety Essay Short Essay on Road Safety in 300 and 500 Words - A .... Essay points on road safety. Essay speech about road safety. Essay on road safety. Paragraph on road safety. Essay on Road Safety Complete Essay for .... Essay on Road Safety. Road Safety English Essay Road Traffic Collision. Short essay about road safety. Essay on Road Safety - YouTube. ️ Paragraph on importance of road safety. Hot Essays: Essay on Road .... Road Safety Essays. Essay on Road Safety in English for Class 1 to 12 Students. Write an essay on Road Safety Essay Writing English - YouTube. Essay on Road Safety In English - YouTube. PDF Essay on Road Safety for Children and Students Abhinav Tripathi .... SHORT Essay on Road Safety 200 Words Class 7,8,9,10 - Study-Phi. Essay On Road Safety in English for Classes 1-3: 10 Lines, Short amp; Long .... Essay on road safety rules - Receive Professional Custom Writing Service. Article road safety essay. Essay on Road Safety for Children and .... Essay on Road Safety for Students and Children 500 Words Essay. Essay On Road Safety PDF. Essay Road Safety Spm Telegraph. Essay - Road Safety: NAME: ___________________________ DATE:___________. Essay on Road Safety 10 Lines amp; More Sentences for Students. Road Safety Essay - Javatpoint. Road Safety Short Essay in English For Students - Mirage Learning. Essay road safety measures. Road Safety Essay - About Safety. Essay on Road Safety for Children and Students Road Safety Essay Road Safety Essay. Essay On Road Safety PDF
The document discusses the causes and end of the Great Depression in the United States. It describes the economic boom of the 1920s, the stock market crash of 1929, and President Roosevelt's New Deal programs of the 1930s, which aimed to revive the economy but ultimately failed to end the depression. Military spending during World War II reinvigorated industrial production and put many Americans back to work, fully ending the depression by 1941 when the U.S. entered the war.
This article discusses the decline of American monuments and memorials, arguing that modern designs often misunderstand the purpose of monuments. Effective monuments convey a single powerful idea through simple, symbolic forms. However, recent memorials tend toward overly literal narratives that lack coherence and focus on intentions over visual impact. This detracts from their ability to inspire and transcend changing tastes. The article analyzes several controversial modern memorials to illustrate these points.
This document summarizes a speech by William McGurn about the influence and impact of public employee unions, especially at the state and local level. McGurn argues that public unions have successfully redefined relationships so that elected officials represent the unions rather than taxpayers. He also contends that union contracts and spending set the policy agenda rather than follow from tax and budget decisions. McGurn uses examples from New Jersey, where ex-Governor Jon Corzine seemed to represent unions over taxpayers in negotiations. Current Governor Chris Christie is trying to reform the system with measures like requiring public workers to contribute more to benefits.
Chapter 20 Resurgence of Conservatism.pptxRyanMcElroy13
This document provides an overview of events during Ronald Reagan's presidency from 1980-1992, including his economic policies known as "Reaganomics", increases in military spending and the national debt, deregulation of industries, Supreme Court nominations, and foreign policy decisions. The Iran-Contra affair is summarized as a scandal involving secret arms sales to Iran and funding of Nicaraguan Contras in violation of Congress. Reagan's interventions in Central America, including support for El Salvador's government and funding Contras to overthrow Nicaragua's Sandinista regime, are also covered.
The document provides background information on the rise of conservatism in the United States during the late 1970s and 1980s. It discusses how Ronald Reagan appealed to conservative voters who were frustrated with the economy and foreign policy. Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of tax cuts, increased military spending, and limited government. As president, Reagan implemented economic and foreign policies aimed at reducing the size and role of government.
While our nation faces serious issues right now, there are compelling reasons to consider investing today.
As the nation recovers from the Great Recession, something’s happening that should give investors hope.
The document discusses several key events and trends from the 1980s under the Reagan administration. It describes the savings and loan crisis of the early 1980s, Reagan's "Reaganomics" economic policy focused on tax cuts and increased military spending, and the rise of unemployment. It also discusses the AIDS epidemic, Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" campaign, the yuppie culture, Reagan's confrontational stance against the Soviet Union and communism, and several foreign policy events like the invasions of Grenada and Panama. Fashion, slang, and fads of the 1980s are also summarized.
The document summarizes key aspects of conservatism and the Reagan presidency in the 1980s in America. It discusses the conservative viewpoints on limited government involvement in the economy and reliance on the military. It outlines criticisms of liberalism and how Reagan's election capitalized on economic struggles. His policies focused on tax cuts, deregulation, and increased military spending. The economy improved but deficits and poverty increased. The document also briefly mentions George H.W. Bush's presidency.
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 on a platform of reducing the size and role of government. Known as "Reaganomics", his economic policies sought to lower taxes, reduce regulations, and control inflation. While critics argued it primarily benefited the wealthy, unemployment decreased during Reagan's terms and economic growth recovered after a recession. However, the national debt also increased substantially. Reagan's confrontational rhetoric towards the Soviet Union contributed to growing internal reforms and the eventual dissolution of the USSR in the early 1990s.
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980, defeating Jimmy Carter. Reagan implemented economic policies known as "Reaganomics" which aimed to lower taxes, reduce government spending and regulation, and control inflation. The Reagan years saw strong economic growth and falling unemployment, though budget deficits increased substantially. Meanwhile, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union and introduced reforms of openness (glasnost) and restructuring (perestroika) that helped lead to the end of the Cold War.
This PPT is from a 2017 presentation for AGP at their national convention. It covers the impact on agriculture from Federal Reserve policies, from the incoming Trump administration and from changing agriculture technology. If you want to find out why a finger with bandaid makes Fed policy difficult, contact us here: http://www.andrewbusch.com/?page=contact
This document analyzes the effects of deregulation on the economies of Delaware, South Dakota, and the United States from 1970-1998. It discusses how both states had economies highly dependent on single sectors (South Dakota on agriculture, Delaware on manufacturing) and faced economic struggles in the 1970s. In response, South Dakota and Delaware eliminated usury laws in 1980-1981 to attract the financial industry, hoping it would spur growth. The document examines data on each state and sector before and after deregulation, and presents an empirical model to analyze the long-term economic impacts.
His 122 ch 33 a conservative realignment 1977 1990dcyw1112
Ronald Reagan was a former actor and governor of California who ran unsuccessfully for president in 1976 before winning in 1980. His presidency ushered in a conservative realignment as evangelical Christians increasingly backed Republican policies. Reagan cut taxes and increased defense spending, which contributed to large budget deficits. His foreign policy aggressively confronted Soviet expansionism and he met with Gorbachev to sign nuclear arms treaties, helping end the Cold War. However, social programs were reduced and homelessness increased during his terms.
The document summarizes the economic situation in the United States from 1981 to 2011 under different presidents. It discusses Ronald Reagan's economic policies of reducing taxes and government spending which led to strong economic growth during his terms. It then discusses the policies and economies under George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, including the 2008 financial crisis and recession at the end of Bush's second term.
Ronald Reagan believed that government was the problem, not the solution. His economic policies, known as Reaganomics, aimed to reduce government spending, taxes, and regulation to stimulate economic growth. Reaganomics emphasized reducing income tax rates, especially for the wealthy, in order to incentivize business investment and job creation. While critics argued it benefited only the rich, proponents claimed it led to increased tax revenues and widespread economic prosperity in the 1980s.
The document discusses the rise of conservatism in the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It describes how Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 with support from the growing conservative movement. Reagan's election represented a significant shift in the nation's political direction towards more conservative policies. The Reagan Revolution brought supply-side economic policies, tax cuts, deregulation, and increased military spending. Despite economic troubles early in his presidency, Reagan remained popular and was re-elected in 1984.
“Rebooting after the economic crash: IT, ET and America 3.0.”
Professor Jonathan Taplin , USC Annenberg School and ARNIC
The financial crisis will leave the next president with the task of rebuilding a shattered American economy. Professor Taplin will describe the potential roles of information technology and energy technology in America 3.0.
The introduction to Solutions for America highlights several key components of the document and discusses the role and necessity for change in America.
Ronald Reagan served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was the first and only actor elected to the presidency. During his two terms in office, Reagan pursued policies of cutting taxes, increasing national defense spending, and seeking "peace through strength" in foreign policy. The primary strength of Reagan's presidency was his communication skills, which earned him the nickname "The Great Communicator."
Road Safety Essay. Essay On Road Safety PDFLiza Shirar
Road Safety Essay Short Essay on Road Safety in 300 and 500 Words - A .... Essay points on road safety. Essay speech about road safety. Essay on road safety. Paragraph on road safety. Essay on Road Safety Complete Essay for .... Essay on Road Safety. Road Safety English Essay Road Traffic Collision. Short essay about road safety. Essay on Road Safety - YouTube. ️ Paragraph on importance of road safety. Hot Essays: Essay on Road .... Road Safety Essays. Essay on Road Safety in English for Class 1 to 12 Students. Write an essay on Road Safety Essay Writing English - YouTube. Essay on Road Safety In English - YouTube. PDF Essay on Road Safety for Children and Students Abhinav Tripathi .... SHORT Essay on Road Safety 200 Words Class 7,8,9,10 - Study-Phi. Essay On Road Safety in English for Classes 1-3: 10 Lines, Short amp; Long .... Essay on road safety rules - Receive Professional Custom Writing Service. Article road safety essay. Essay on Road Safety for Children and .... Essay on Road Safety for Students and Children 500 Words Essay. Essay On Road Safety PDF. Essay Road Safety Spm Telegraph. Essay - Road Safety: NAME: ___________________________ DATE:___________. Essay on Road Safety 10 Lines amp; More Sentences for Students. Road Safety Essay - Javatpoint. Road Safety Short Essay in English For Students - Mirage Learning. Essay road safety measures. Road Safety Essay - About Safety. Essay on Road Safety for Children and Students Road Safety Essay Road Safety Essay. Essay On Road Safety PDF
The document discusses the causes and end of the Great Depression in the United States. It describes the economic boom of the 1920s, the stock market crash of 1929, and President Roosevelt's New Deal programs of the 1930s, which aimed to revive the economy but ultimately failed to end the depression. Military spending during World War II reinvigorated industrial production and put many Americans back to work, fully ending the depression by 1941 when the U.S. entered the war.
This article discusses the decline of American monuments and memorials, arguing that modern designs often misunderstand the purpose of monuments. Effective monuments convey a single powerful idea through simple, symbolic forms. However, recent memorials tend toward overly literal narratives that lack coherence and focus on intentions over visual impact. This detracts from their ability to inspire and transcend changing tastes. The article analyzes several controversial modern memorials to illustrate these points.
This document summarizes a speech by William McGurn about the influence and impact of public employee unions, especially at the state and local level. McGurn argues that public unions have successfully redefined relationships so that elected officials represent the unions rather than taxpayers. He also contends that union contracts and spending set the policy agenda rather than follow from tax and budget decisions. McGurn uses examples from New Jersey, where ex-Governor Jon Corzine seemed to represent unions over taxpayers in negotiations. Current Governor Chris Christie is trying to reform the system with measures like requiring public workers to contribute more to benefits.
This document summarizes a lecture about threats to free speech from restrictions on speech that is deemed to defame or insult religion, especially Islam. It discusses examples of violence in response to works like Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses and films that have been seen as insulting Islam. It argues that such violence is often encouraged and manipulated by governments for political purposes. It notes that restrictions on blasphemy and apostasy are used widely in many Muslim-majority countries to imprison dissidents and minorities.
This document summarizes a speech given by Michael Mukasey, former U.S. Attorney General, about executive power during wartime. Some key points:
1) Mukasey argues that the President has broad executive powers during wartime according to the Constitution, including powers over intelligence gathering and detention of enemy combatants.
2) However, President Obama has taken actions like closing Guantanamo and ending enhanced interrogation that Mukasey believes undermine these executive powers and reduce intelligence gathering.
3) Mukasey traces the roots of Islamist ideology back to Sayyid Qutb and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt in the 1920s-1960s, and their influence on Osama
This document summarizes a speech given by Edward J. Erler on the topics of limited government and two current Supreme Court cases that will decide the reach of federal power. The summary is:
1) Erler discusses how the founders viewed limited government as stemming from the sovereignty of the people rather than a limit on government power.
2) He analyzes two current Supreme Court cases - one challenging an Arizona immigration law and the other challenging the Affordable Care Act - that will impact the future of limited government.
3) Erler argues that states have a constitutional right and duty to protect their citizens when the federal government fails to secure borders or ensure safety. Overall, the document examines the concept of limited government and
This document summarizes the history of labor laws in the United States regarding union membership. It discusses the Wagner Act of 1935, which initially allowed for compulsory union membership but did not protect the right to not join a union. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 attempted to address this by adding language affirming the right to refrain from union activities, but still permitted compulsory union agreements. The document argues that compulsory union membership violates freedom of association. It also compares economic growth in right-to-work states that prohibit compulsory membership to other states, finding right-to-work states have seen faster growth.
1) Ken Cuccinelli, Attorney General of Virginia, argues that the federal government has overreached its constitutional powers and that states must reassert federalism to limit federal power and protect individual liberty.
2) Virginia has sued the federal government over the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and EPA regulations, arguing they are unconstitutional.
3) Cuccinelli believes limiting federal power and allowing states to serve as a check is critical to preserving liberty according to the principles of the US Constitution.
Pi 2012 12-18-presidents-essay the march of freedomMichael LaPlante
This document provides acknowledgements from Edwin J. Feulner for his 26 years of writing annual President's Essays for The Heritage Foundation highlighting influential conservatives. He thanks Heritage colleagues who assisted with the essays over the years. Feulner reflects on key thinkers featured in the essays like F.A. Hayek, Ludwig von Mises, Milton Friedman, and others who advanced the ideas of individual freedom and free markets. He summarizes some of their most important intellectual contributions to the modern conservative movement.
Pi 2012 12-18-presidents-essay the march of freedom
Pi 2011 11 imprimis
1. A Publication of Hillsdale College
Imprimis Over 2,100,000 Reader s Monthly
November 2011 • Volume 40, Number 11
Reaganomics and the
American Character
Phil Gramm
Former United States Senator
Currently vice chairman of the investment bank division of UBS,
Phil Gramm served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas’s sixth congressional district from 1979-1985, and as a
U.S. Senator from Texas from 1985-2002. Prior to his career in public
service, he taught economics at Texas A&M University from 1967-1978.
Sen. Gramm earned both his B.A. and doctorate degrees in economics
from the University of Georgia.
The following is adapted from a speech delivered at Hillsdale Also Inside >
College on October 3, 2011, during a four day conference “REAGAN’S
on “Reagan: A Centenary Retrospective,” sponsored by the MORAL COURAGE”
College’s Center for Constructive Alternatives.
ANDREW ROBERTS
What was the American economy like in the decade
prior to the Reagan presidency? The 1970s, for a myriad of
reasons, were not a happy time. They featured a combination of
stagnation and inflation, which came to be called “stagflation.” The inflation rate
peaked at just over 13 percent, and prime interest rates rose as high as 21-and-a-half
percent. Although President Jimmy Carter did not use the exact words, a malaise had
certainly set in among Americans. Many wondered whether our nation’s time had
passed. A Time magazine headline read, “Is the Joyride Over?” Did we really need, as
Jimmy Carter told us, to learn to live on less?
Ronald Reagan did not believe America was in decline, but he did believe it had been
suffering under wrongheaded economic policies. In response, he offered his own plan,
a program for creating economic freedom that came to be known as Reaganomics. Of
course, most of Reaganomics was nothing new. Mostly it was the revival of an older
understanding that unlimited government will eventually destroy freedom and that
decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources are best left to the private sector.
Reagan explained these old ideas well, and in terms people could understand.
But there was also a new element to Reaganomics, and looking back, it was a pow-
erful element and new to the economic debate. It was the idea that tax rates affect a
hill sdale.edu
3. November 2011 • Volume 40, Number 11 hillsdale.edu
per capita income? In the 12 years prior 1982 recession, which was roughly the
to the Reagan program, per capita GDP, same size in terms of unemployment, there
in real terms, grew by 1.5 percent. For would be 16.3 million more Americans
the 25 years after the Reagan program at work today—in other words, all those
was implemented, real per capita income who say they are unemployed plus almost
grew by 2.2 percent. By 2006, the average 60 percent of “discouraged workers” who
American was making $7,400 more than have dropped out of the labor force. If
he would have made if growth rates had real per capita income had grown in this
remained at the same level as they were recovery at the same rate it grew during the
during the 12 years prior to the Reagan Reagan recovery, real per capita income
program. A family of four was making would be $5,139 higher today. Both the
$29,602 more. During the 12 years prior to Reagan program and the Obama program
Reagan, America created 1.3 million jobs instituted dramatic changes. One program
per year. That number is pretty impressive worked. The other is failing.
compared to today’s stagnant economy. In the end, government policy mat-
But during the Reagan years, America ters. The truth is, Americans are pretty
added two million jobs per year. That ordinary people. What is unique about
means as of 2007 there were 17.5 million America is an understanding of freedom
more Americans at work than would have and limited government that lets ordinary
been working had the growth rates of the people achieve extraordinary things. We
pre-Reagan era continued. have been getting away from that view
Inflation, which had been 7.6 per- recently, but if we can get back to that
cent for the previous 12 years, fell to 3.1 understanding, which was Reagan’s, our
percent. Interest rates plummeted. The nation will be fine.
average homeowner in America had a Let me conclude by saying that the argu-
monthly mortgage payment of $1,000 less ment I am making is not just about money
as a result of the success of the Reagan or GDP. It’s an argument about character.
program. Poverty, which had grown If you want to see the effect of bad govern-
throughout the 1970s despite massive ment policy on character, simply turn on
increases in anti-poverty programs, plum- the news and see how Greek civil servants
meted despite cuts to these programs. The have been behaving recently. They are
poverty level fell from 15 percent to 11.3 victimizers behaving like victims. Greek
percent. These results are tangible evi- government policies have made them what
dence that government policy matters. they are. But what made Americans who
This is not to say that no mistakes we are is a historically unprecedented level
were made. In order to secure lower tax of freedom and responsibility. The real
rates, it became good politics to raise danger today is not merely a loss of pros-
the number and amount of income tax perity, but a loss of the kind of character
deductions, thereby removing about 50 on which prosperity is based.
percent of Americans from the tax rolls. I occasionally hire a man to do bull-
In my opinion, that was a mistake, and I dozer work on my ranch. He doesn’t know
think we are suffering for it today. I believe a lot about foreign policy, but he knows a
everyone should pay some income taxes. lot about the economics of the bulldozing
Nevertheless, the net result of the Reagan business. In his freedom to pursue that
program was good for all Americans. business and to be the best he can be at it,
So how does the Reagan recovery com- he’s the equal of any man. He’s proud, he’s
pare to the recovery going on today? In independent, and he knows his trade as
sum, this is the most disappointing recov- well as anybody else in America knows
ery of the post-World War II period by a theirs. That’s what America is about. For
large margin. I don’t think people under- me, today’s battle, as it was in 1980, is not
stand what an outlier this recovery period just about prosperity or goods and services.
is. If the economy had recovered from this It’s about freedom, and it’s about the kind
recession at the rate it recovered from the of character that only freedom creates. ■
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4. Hillsdale College: Pursuing Truth • Defending Libert y since 1844
Reagan’s Moral Courage
Andrew Roberts
Historian
Andrew Roberts received his Ph.D. at Gonville and
Caius College, Cambridge, where he is also an honorary senior
scholar. He has written or edited 12 books, including A History of
the English-Speaking Peoples Since 1900, Masters and Commanders:
How Four Titans Won the War in the West, 1941-1945, and The
Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War.
The following are excerpts from a speech delivered at Hillsdale College on October 7,
2011, at the dedication of a statue of Ronald Reagan by Hillsdale College Associate
Professor of Art Anthony Frudakis.
The defining feature of Ronald Reagan was his moral courage. It takes
tremendous moral courage to resist the overwhelming tide of received opinion and
so-called expert wisdom and to say and do exactly the opposite. It could not have
been pleasant for Reagan to be denounced as an ignorant cowboy, an extremist,
a warmonger, a fascist, or worse by people who thought themselves intellectually
superior to him. Yet Reagan responded to those brickbats with the cheery resolve that
characterized not only the man, but his entire career. What is more, he proceeded
during his two terms as president to prove his critics completely wrong . . . .
During Reagan’s presidency, America spying on their parents, the Berlin Wall,
enjoyed its longest period of sustained a gagged media, a shackled populace, a
economic growth in the 20th century. privileged nomenklatura, prisons pos-
Meanwhile, in the realm of foreign policy, ing as psychiatric hospitals, puppet trade
the Reagan Doctrine led to the defeat of unions, a subservient academy, and above
the worst totalitarian scourge to blight all, what Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn dubbed
the globe since the defeat of the Nazis in a “gulag archipelago” of concentration
World War II. By the time he left office, camps. In sum, the entire apparatus that
the faith of Americans in the greatness of Reagan characterized so truthfully in a
their country had been restored. In ret- March 1983 speech as an “evil empire.” Yet
rospect, Reagan’s was a great American he was immediately accused—not just in
success story. Born in rented rooms above Russia, but also here in the West—of being
a bank in Tampico, Illinois, he ended mad, bad, and dangerous. He was written
his days as the single most important off as stupid, provocative, and oafish by
American conservative figure of the last huge swaths of the Western commentariat.
century. Not bad for an ignorant cowboy. Today, thanks to his published correspon-
From his own reading and observa- dence, we know that he was anything but.
tion of life, Reagan understood that the Indeed, he was very widely read and a
doctrines of Marxism and Leninism were thoughtful man, but it suited his purposes
fundamentally opposed to the deepest and to be underestimated by his opponents.
best impulses of human nature. Enforcing The cultural condescension of those
such doctrines would require vicious experts and intellectuals who denounced
oppression, including propaganda, secret his evil empire speech as unacceptably
police such as the KGB, a debased and cor- simplistic—even simple-minded—might
rupt judicial system, huge standing armies have been despicable, but it worked to
stationed across Eastern Europe, children Reagan’s advantage. Although history
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5. November 2011 • Volume 40, Number 11 hillsdale.edu
was to prove him right in every particular
about the true nature of the U.S.S.R., none An audio version of Imprimis
of his critics have ever admitted as much, is available online at
at least publicly, let alone apologized. hillsdale.edu/imprimis
What helped to make Reagan great was
that he couldn’t care less what his critics
thought of him. He knew the image of the United States “shall pay any price, bear
swaggering cowboy was very far removed any burden, meet any hardship, support
from reality, but if his opponents chose to any friend, and oppose any foe, in order
be mesmerized by it, all the better for him. to assure the survival and success of lib-
It was he, not they, who in 1987 would erty.” Believing in American exceptional-
stand at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin ism, Reagan deployed an extensive politi-
and demand: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down cal, economic, military, and psychological
this wall!” The Left’s strategy of détente arsenal to confront the Soviet Union. And
had been tried for 40 years, and it had he did so mostly through proxies: Except
led to ever wider Communist incursions, for the Caribbean island of Grenada,
especially during the 1970s, into territories where American citizens were in danger,
across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. he did not commit American troops to
The Reagan Doctrine, by contrast, marked the battle . . . .
a turn away from the doctrine of contain-
ment, adhered to by every president since ***
Harry Truman. Reagan bravely declared In the 1980s, Americans felt confi-
that communism’s global march would dent enough in their country’s future to
not merely be checked but reversed. spend, produce, and consume in a way
For decades the Politburo in the they hadn’t under Jimmy Carter and don’t
Kremlin had been testing the West’s today. Reagan genuinely believed, as the
defenses, looking for weakness. Where it 1984 campaign slogan put it, that it was
encountered strength and willpower, as “Morning in America.” His confidence
during the Berlin airlift and the Cuban in the country and its abilities spread to
missile crisis, it pulled back. Where, as the American people and to the markets.
was all too often the case, it instead found After all, strong, confident leadership
vacillation and appeasement, it thrust is infectious. There can be a virtuous
forward until whole countries fell under cycle in economics, just as there can be a
its control. Under the Reagan Doctrine, vicious one. Reagan’s Economic Recovery
non-Communist governments would be Act and his Tax Reform Act were the twin
supported actively, and Communist gov- pillars of America’s renaissance in the
ernments, wherever they were not firmly 1980s. He reduced the highest marginal
established, would be undermined and if tax rate to 28 percent and simplified the
possible overthrown. Reagan did not act tax code. He deregulated industry, tight-
in the name of American imperialism, ened the money supply, and reduced the
as his opponents predictably alleged, but growth of public expenditure. By 1983,
rather in the name of human dignity. As America had completely recovered eco-
he fought the Communists, he received nomically, and by 1988, inflation, which
gradually more and more support from the had been at 12.5 percent under Carter,
American people. He supported anti-Com- was down to 4.4 percent. Furthermore,
munist movements in Poland, El Salvador, unemployment came down to 5.5 percent
and Guatemala, as well as open insurgen- as 18 million new jobs were created.
cies in Afghanistan, Cambodia, Ethiopia, In one area, however, Reagan knew
Laos, and Nicaragua. The Kremlin soon that he had to increase public spend-
recognized that in Reagan it had a pow- ing dramatically, if the global threats to
erful and committed ideological foe on America were to be neutered. The overly
its hands, one who took seriously JFK’s cautious, nerve-wracked, and humili-
words in his Inaugural Address, that the ated America of 1979 and 1980—when 52
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6. Hillsdale College: Pursuing Truth • Defending Libert y since 1844
Standing next to the statue of Ronald Reagan following its dedication are Hillsdale
College President Larry Arnn, alumni Bill and Jan Brodbeck, who provided the statue
to the College, and sculptor and Associate Professor of Art Anthony Frudakis. This
statue joins previous statues of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham
Lincoln, Winston Churchill, and Margaret Thatcher on the campus’s Liberty Walk.
American diplomats were taken hostage its infancy, judicious leaking of suitably
in Tehran for 444 days and were paraded, exaggerated test results further rattled
hooded and blindfolded, in the streets— the Soviet leadership. As Vladimir Lukin,
was about to give way to a virile and self- the Soviet foreign policy expert and later
confident America. It was no accident ambassador to the U.S., admitted to the
that, on the very day of Reagan’s inaugu- Carnegie Endowment for International
ration, the Iranian regime released the Peace in 1992: “It is clear that SDI accel-
hostages rather than face the fury of the erated our catastrophe by at least five
incoming President. It was the last smart years.” Besides SDI, Reagan pursued rapid
thing that regime ever did. deployment forces, the neutron bomb, the
When Reagan entered office, defense MX Peacekeeper missile, Trident nuclear
spending had fallen to less than five per- submarines, radar-evading stealth bomb-
cent of GDP from over 13 percent in the ers, and new ways of looking at battlefield
1950s. His belief that the Soviet system strategies and tactics . . . . In response to
would eventually crack under steady the deployment of these weapons, the Left
Western pressure encouraged him to issued strident denunciations and orga-
increase defense spending from $119 bil- nized massive anti-American demonstra-
lion under Carter to $273 billion in 1986, tions all across Europe. These were faced
a level that the U.S.S.R. simply could not down with characteristic moral courage
begin to match. The Left criticized what by Ronald Reagan, ably supported by
they believed to be wasteful spending, but Margaret Thatcher. “Reagan’s great vir-
this expenditure led to a massive savings tue,” said his former Secretary of State
once the U.S.S.R. no longer posed the George Shultz, “was that he did not accept
global existential threat it once had. that extensive political opposition doomed
America had achieved a huge tech- an attractive idea. He would fight reso-
nological advantage by the 1980s, which lutely for an idea, believing that if it was
allowed Reagan to embark on the contro- valid, he could persuade the American
versial Strategic Defense Initiative, nick- people to support it.”
named “Star Wars” by its opponents. The . . . In the words of Margaret
system was based on the idea that incom- Thatcher, Reagan helped the world break
ing ballistic missiles could be destroyed free of a monstrous creed. He understood
over the Atlantic or even earlier. Though that, in addition to being morally bank-
the technology was still very much in rupt—as it had been since the Bolshevik
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7. November 2011 • Volume 40, Number 11 hillsdale.edu
Revolution—the Soviet system was also at least the Soviet Union was predictable,
financially bankrupt. Numerous so-called and it was fearful of the consequences of
five-year plans had not delivered, because mutually assured destruction. By contrast,
human beings simply will not work hard President Ahmadinejad of Iran is build-
for an all-powerful state that will not pay ing a nuclear bomb while publicly calling
them fairly for their labor. By contrast, for Israel to be wiped off the map. We
Reagan believed that low taxes, a minimal know from the experience of 9/11 that Al
state, a reduction in bureaucratic regula- Qaeda and its affiliates would not hesitate
tion, and a commitment to free market to explode a nuclear device in America
economics would lead to a dramatic if they got the chance. As the IRA pro-
expansion of the American economy. This nounced when it narrowly missed mur-
would enable America to pay for a defense dering Margaret Thatcher in 1984: “You
build-up so large that the Soviets would have to be lucky every time, we only have
have to declare a surrender in the Cold to be lucky once.” Yet, when looking at the
War. That surrender began on September dangers facing civilization today, there
12, 1989, when a non-Communist govern- is this one vital difference from 30 years
ment took office in Poland. Within two ago: I can see no leaders of the stamp of
months, on the night of November 9, the Ronald Reagan or Margaret Thatcher
people of East and West Berlin tore down presently on hand to infuse us with that
the wall that had separated them for over iron purpose and that sense of optimism
a quarter of a century. This was the great- that we had in the 1980s. Indeed, some
est of Reagan’s many fine legacies. of our present-day leaders only seem to
The extension of freedom to Eastern make matters worse. This is why it is all
Europe was not merely a political or the more important to erect splendid
military or economic phenomenon for statues like this one. “The longer you can
Reagan; it was a spiritual one, too. Reagan look back,” said Winston Churchill, “the
believed that America had lost its sense further you can look forward.”
of providential mission, and he meant to The point of raising a statue to Ronald
re-establish it. Beneath his folksy charm Reagan is not just to honor him, although
and anecdotes was a steely will and a it rightly does do that. A statue inspires
determination to re-establish the moral and encourages the rest of us to try and
superiority of democracy over totalitari- emulate his deeds, to live up to his ide-
anism, of the individual over the state, als, to finish his work, and to “grasp
of freedom of speech over censorship, of and hold” his vision. Reagan wrote in
faith over government-mandated athe- his farewell message to the American
ism, and of free enterprise over the com- people in November 1994 announcing
mand economy. As the leader of the free his retirement from public life: “When
world, he saw it as his responsibility to the Lord calls me home, I will leave with
defend, extend, and above all proselytize the greatest love for this country of ours
for democracy and human dignity. and eternal optimism for its future. I
Reagan understood leadership in a now begin the journey that will lead me
way that I fear is sadly lacking in the West into the sunset of my life. I know that for
today. “To grasp and hold a vision,” he America, there will always be a bright
said in 1994, “that is the very essence of dawn ahead.” Though characteristically
successful leadership. Not only on the upbeat, it will only remain true so long as
movie set where I America continues
learned it, but every- to produce lead-
where.” Indeed, in ers with the moral
some ways the world courage and the
is an even more peril- leadership abilities of
Did you know?
ous place than it was Imprimis readers can sign up for a free
Ronald Reagan, one
in Reagan’s day. For five-segment online “Introduction to the of America’s greatest
Constitution” course taught by Hillsdale
all its undoubted evil, College President Larry Arnn on the
presidents. ■
Hillsdale homepage at hillsdale.edu. 7