Slides used for meetup#3 of PHPVigo Group

1. @felixgomezlopez
PHP 7 Evolution
@felixgomezlopez

2. @felixgomezlopez

4. @felixgomezlopez
0. CHRONOLOGY

5. @felixgomezlopez
1995-2016 (21 YEARS OF PHP)
Version Release date
Personal Homepage Tools (PHP Tools) Version 1.0
PHP/FI 2
June 8th
1995
November 1997
PHP 3 June 1998
PHP 4 May 2000
PHP 5 July 2004
PHP 5.3/5.4 June 2009
PHP 7 December 2015
= PHP 6 - UNICODE

6. @felixgomezlopez
¿QUÉ FUE DE PHP6?
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/php6
● Intento fallido de salto de versión
● Iniciado en 2005 y finalizado en 2010
● Se integraron features en PHP 5.3 y 5.4
● Después de descartar UTF-16, intl se distribuyó como parte de PHP 5.3
y exponía las funcionalidades de la librería ICU.
● Se llegaron a publicar libros y se dieron charlas, pero nunca vió la luz

7. @felixgomezlopez
CRONOLOGíA PHP (21 AÑOS)
Versión Tiempo de vida
Personal Homepage Tools (PHP Tools) Version 1.0
PHP/FI 2
~ 2 años
~ 1 año
PHP 3 ~ 2 años
PHP 4 ~ 2 años
PHP 5 ~ 11 años

8. @felixgomezlopez
VERSIONES ACTUALES
http://www.php.net/supported-versions.php

9. @felixgomezlopez
PORCENTAJES DE USO
http://w3techs.com/technologies/details/pl-php/all/all

10. @felixgomezlopez
@felixgomezlopez
PHP 7

11. @felixgomezlopez
¿SOBRE QUÉ SE BASA?
https://drive.google.
com/file/d/0B3UKOMH_4lgBUTdjUGxIZ3l1Ukk/view?usp=sharing
● Refactoring
● Objetivo principal: Alcanzar un nuevo nivel de rendimiento y
hacerlo base para futuras releases
● Separado de la rama principal de PHP en Enero de 2014
● Sin cambios para el usuario (solo cambios internos)

12. @felixgomezlopez
ESTADO DE PHPNG
● Llevó 2 semanas compilar el core
● En dos semanas más podía correr bench.php
● Después de mes y medio compatible con WordPress
● Se abre el proyecto 1 mes después (principios de mayo)
● Se mergea a master como base para PHP7 en Agosto de 2014

13. @felixgomezlopez
ESTADO DE PHPNG EN OCTUBE 2014

14. @felixgomezlopez
ESTADO DE PHPNG EN OCTUBE 2014

15. @felixgomezlopez

16. @felixgomezlopez

17. @felixgomezlopez
http://es.slideshare.net/nikita_ppv/php-7-what-changed-internally-php-barcelona-2015

18. @felixgomezlopez
USERLAND
PHP 7 CHANGES
INTERNALS

19. @felixgomezlopez
@felixgomezlopez
PHP 7: INTERNALS

20. @felixgomezlopez
INTERNALS
CÓDIGO PHP SCANNING
(a.k.a. LEXING)
<?php
echo "Hello World";
$a = 1 + 1;
echo $a;
<?php
$code = <<<'PHPCODE'
<?php
echo "Hello World";
$a = 1 + 1;
echo $a;
PHPCODE;
print_r(token_get_all($code));
TOKENS

21. @felixgomezlopez
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => 376
[1] => <?php
[2] => 1
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => 312
[1] => $a
[2] => 2
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => 379
[1] =>
[2] => 2
)
[3] => =
[4] => Array
(
[0] => 379
[1] =>
[2] => 2
)
[5] => Array
(
[0] => 318
[1] => "Hello World"
[2] => 2
)
[6] => ;
[7] => Array
(
[0] => 379
[1] =>
[2] => 2
)
[8] => Array
(
[0] => 319
[1] => echo
[2] => 3
)
[9] => Array
(
[0] => 379
[1] =>
[2] => 3
)
[10] => Array
(
[0] => 312
[1] => $a
[2] => 3
)
[11] => ;
)
SCANNING (a.k.a LEXING)

22. @felixgomezlopez
<?php
$code = <<<'CODE'
<?php
$a = "Hello World";
echo $a;
CODE;
$tokens = token_get_all($code);
array_walk($tokens, function (&$token) {
if (count($token) > 1) {
$token[0] = token_name((int) $token[0]);
}
});
print_r($tokens);
SCANNING (a.k.a LEXING)

23. @felixgomezlopez
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => T_OPEN_TAG
[1] => <?php
[2] => 1
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => T_VARIABLE
[1] => $a
[2] => 2
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => T_WHITESPACE
[1] =>
[2] => 2
)
[3] => =
[4] => Array
(
[0] => T_WHITESPACE
[1] =>
[2] => 2
)
[5] => Array
(
[0] => T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING
[1] => "Hello World"
[2] => 2
)
[6] => ;
[7] => Array
(
[0] => T_WHITESPACE
[1] =>
[2] => 2
)
http://php.net/manual/en/tokens.php

24. @felixgomezlopez
CÓDIGO PHP SCANNING
(a.k.a. LEXING)
PARSING
Tokens
● Elimina espacios en blanco
● Se queda con expresiones irreducibles del
conjunto de tokens
PARSING (PHP 5)
<?php
echo "Hello World";
$a = 1 + 1;
echo $a;
1. mostrar string
2. sumar dos números
3. guardar el resultado de la operación anterior en una
variable
4. mostrar la variable

25. @felixgomezlopez
COMPILING (PHP 5)
CÓDIGO PHP SCANNING
(a.k.a. LEXING)
Tokens
OPCODES
● ZEND_ECHO 'Hello World'
● ZEND_ADD ~0 1 1
● ZEND_ASSIGN !0 ~0
● ZEND_ECHO !0
<?php
echo "Hello World";
$a = 1 + 1;
echo $a;
PARSING
matching and opcode generation

26. @felixgomezlopez
Finding entry points
Branch analysis from position: 0
Jump found. Position 1 = -2
filename: /in/KVrR3
function name: (null)
number of ops: 4
compiled vars: !0 = $a
line #* E I O op fetch ext return operands
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 0 E > ECHO 'Hello+World'
4 1 ASSIGN !0, 2
5 2 ECHO !0
3 > RETURN 1
Generated using Vulcan Logic Dumper, using php 7.0.0
OPCODE REPRESENTATION EXAMPLE (PHP 7)
<?php
echo "Hello World";
$a = 1 + 1;
echo $a;
https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/master/Zend/zend_vm_def.h

27. @felixgomezlopez
CÓDIGO PHP SCANNING
(a.k.a. LEXING)
OPCODESPARSING AST
Tokens
Tokens
PHP 7: ABSTRACT SYNTAX TREE (AST)
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbol_de_sintaxis_abstracta

28. @felixgomezlopez
PHP 7: VENTAJAS ABSTRACT SYNTAX TREE (AST)
● Permite añadir funcionalidades más fácilmente
● Consistencia en la interpretación
● Mejora en rendimiento
● Permite que el lenguaje sea más flexible
Posibilidades “SCI-FI”
● Posibilidad de conversión inversa por análisis de AST->SOURCE CODE
● Posibilidad de generar AST externo para ser compilado por Zend
Engine 3

29. @felixgomezlopez
[$x*2 foreach(range(0,10) as $x)]
http://twig.sensiolabs.org/doc/internals.html
[x*2 for x in range(10)]
PHP 7: POSIBILITIES ABSTRACT SYNTAX TREE (AST)
http://docs.hylang.org/en/latest/

30. @felixgomezlopez
PHP 7: USERLAND
NEWS

31. @felixgomezlopez
ENGINE EXCEPTIONS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/throwable-interface
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/engine_exceptions_for_php7

32. @felixgomezlopez
NEW EXCEPTION TREE
Exception
LogicException
RangeException
Throwable
Error
ParseError
TypeError

33. @felixgomezlopez
EXCEPTIONS (NEW ERROR INTERCEPTION)
<?php
function add(int $left, int $right) {
return $left + $right;
}
try {
echo add('left', 'right');
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Captured exception";
} catch (Error $e) { // TypeError
echo $e->getMessage();
}

34. @felixgomezlopez
EXCEPTIONS
<?php
$a=6;
$a->grow();
PHP5
PHP7
PHP Fatal error: Call to a member function grow() on
integer
Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to a member function
grow() on integer

35. @felixgomezlopez
<?php
try {
$a = 6;
$a->grow();
} catch (Error $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
EXCEPTIONS
Call to a member function grow() on integer

36. @felixgomezlopez
EXCEPTIONS
<?php
try {
foo();
} catch (Error $e) {
var_dump($e);
}
object(Error)#1 (7) {
["message":protected]=>
string(43) "Call to a member function grow() on
integer"
["string":"Error":private]=>
string(0) ""
["code":protected]=>
int(0)
["file":protected]=>
string(27) "/home/vagrant/Lab/index.php"
["line":protected]=>
int(5)
["trace":"Error":private]=>
array(0) {
}
["previous":"Error":private]=>
NULL
}

37. @felixgomezlopez
RETURN TYPE DECLARATIONS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/return_types

38. @felixgomezlopez
RETURN TYPE DECLARATIONS (TIPOS DE RETORNO)
function foo(): array {
return [];
}

39. @felixgomezlopez
RETURN TYPE DECLARATIONS (TIPOS DE RETORNO)
<?php
// Returned type does not match the type declaration
function get_config(): array {
return 42;
}
get_config();
Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Return value of get_config() must be of the
type array, integer returned in /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php:6
Stack trace:
#0 /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php(9): get_config()
#1 {main}
thrown in /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php on line 6

40. @felixgomezlopez
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/scalar_type_hints_v5

41. @felixgomezlopez
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
function add(float $a, float $b): float {
return $a + $b;
}
add(1, 2); // float(3)
int a float es la única conversión permitida

42. @felixgomezlopez
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS
<?php
function add(int $val1, int $val2) {
return $val1 + $val2;
}
$a = add("2", "2");
var_dump($a); // int(4)

43. @felixgomezlopez
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
function add(int $val1, int $val2) {
return $val1 + $val2;
}
$a = add("2", "2");
var_dump($a);

44. @felixgomezlopez
Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Argument 1 passed to add()
must be of the type integer, string given, called in
/home/vagrant/Lab/index.php on line 10 and defined in
/home/vagrant/Lab/index.php:5
Stack trace:
#0 /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php(10): add('2', '2')
#1 {main}
thrown in /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php on line 5
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS

45. @felixgomezlopez
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
function foo() : bool {
return 1;
}
$a = foo();
var_dump($a);
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS

46. @felixgomezlopez
SCALAR TYPE DECLARATIONS
Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Return value of foo() must
be of the type boolean, integer returned in
/home/vagrant/Lab/index.php:5
Stack trace:
#0 /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php(8): foo()
#1 {main}
thrown in /home/vagrant/Lab/index.php on line 5

47. @felixgomezlopez
NULL COALESCE OPERATOR
(OPERADOR DE FUSIÓN DE NULL)
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/isset_ternary

48. @felixgomezlopez
NULL COALESCE OPERATOR - ANTERIOR ALTERNATIVA
if (isset($_GET['user'])) {
$user = $_GET['user'];
} else {
$user = 'nobody';
}
$user = isset($_GET['user']) ? $_GET['user'] : 'nobody';

49. @felixgomezlopez
NULL COALESCE OPERATOR (FUSIÓN DE NULL)
$x = ['foo' => 'a', 'bar' => 'b'];
var_dump($x['baz'] ?? $x['bar'] ?? $x['foo'] ?? 'none');
// string(1) "b"
$user = $_GET['user'] ?? 'nobody';
$user = isset($_GET['user']) ? $_GET['user'] : 'nobody';

50. @felixgomezlopez
SPACESHIP (a.k.a. COMBINED COMPARISON)
OPERATOR
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/combined-comparison-operator

51. @felixgomezlopez
SPACESHIP OPERATOR
// Integers
echo 1 <=> 1; // 0
echo 1 <=> 2; // -1
echo 2 <=> 1; // 1
// Floats
echo 1.5 <=> 1.5; // 0
echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1
echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1
// Strings
echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0
echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1
echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1
echo "a" <=> "aa"; // -1
echo "zz" <=> "aa"; // 1
// Arrays
echo [] <=> []; // 0
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> [1, 2, 3]; // 0
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> []; // 1
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> [1, 2, 1]; // 1
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> [1, 2, 4]; // -1
// Objects
// Only values are compared
$a = (object) ["a" => "b"];
$b = (object) ["b" => "b"];
echo $a <=> $b; // 0

52. @felixgomezlopez
ANONYMOUS CLASSES
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/anonymous_classes

53. @felixgomezlopez
ANONYMOUS CLASSES
<?php
var_dump(new class($i) {
public function __construct($i) {
$this->i = $i;
}
});
<?php
class Foo {}
$child = new class extends Foo {};
var_dump($child instanceof Foo); // true

54. @felixgomezlopez
ANONYMOUS CLASSES
<?php
trait Foo {
public function someMethod() {
return "bar";
}
}
$anonClass = new class {
use Foo;
};
var_dump($anonClass->someMethod()); // string(3) "bar"

55. @felixgomezlopez
ANONYMOUS CLASSES
<?php
// PHP 5.x
class MyLogger {
public function log($msg) {
print_r($msg . "n");
}
}
$pusher->setLogger( new MyLogger() );
// New Hotness
$pusher->setLogger(new class {
public function log($msg) {
print_r($msg . "n");
}
});

56. @felixgomezlopez
GROUP USE DECLARATIONS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/group_use_declarations

57. @felixgomezlopez
GROUP USE DECLARATIONS
use SymfonyComponentFormForm;
use SymfonyComponentFormFormError;
use TalkTalkDb;
use TalkTalkApi;
use UserUserDb;
use UserUserApi;
use SymfonyComponentForm{Form, FormError};
use Talk{TalkDb, TalkApi};
use User{UserDb, UserApi};
PHP5
PHP7

58. @felixgomezlopez
UNIFORM VARIABLE SYNTAX
https://wiki.php.
net/rfc/uniform_variable_syntax

59. @felixgomezlopez
UNIFORM VARIABLE SYNTAX
echo $car->$engine['model'];
// PHP 5
echo $car->{$engine['model']};
// PHP 7
echo {$car->$engine}['model'];

60. @felixgomezlopez
UNIFORM VARIABLE SYNTAX (CONT.)
// old meaning // new meaning
$$foo['bar']['baz'] ${$foo['bar']['baz']} ($$foo)['bar']['baz']
$foo->$bar['baz'] $foo->{$bar['baz']} ($foo->$bar)['baz']
$foo->$bar['baz']() $foo->{$bar['baz']}() ($foo->$bar)['baz']()
Foo::$bar['baz']() Foo::{$bar['baz']}() (Foo::$bar)['baz']()
Ante la duda paréntesis!

61. @felixgomezlopez
$foo()['bar']()
[$obj1, $obj2][0]->prop
getStr(){0}
// support nested ::
$foo['bar']::$baz
$foo::$bar::$baz
$foo->bar()::baz()
// support nested ()
foo()()
$foo->bar()()
Foo::bar()()
$foo()()
UNIFORM VARIABLE SYNTAX (CONT.)

62. @felixgomezlopez
UNIFORM VARIABLE SYNTAX (CONT.)
// support operations on arbitrary (...) expressions
(...)['foo']
(...)->foo
(...)->foo()
(...)::$foo
(...)::foo()
(...)()
// two more practical examples for the last point
(function() { ... })()
($obj->closure)()

63. @felixgomezlopez
GENERATOR DELEGATION & RETURN VALUES
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/generator-delegation

64. @felixgomezlopez
GENERATOR RETURN VALUES
<?php
function foo() {
yield 1;
yield 2;
return 42;
}
$bar = foo();
foreach ($bar as $element) {
echo $element, "n";
}
var_dump($bar->getReturn());
// 1
// 2
// int(42)

65. @felixgomezlopez
GENERATOR DELEGATION
<?php
function myGeneratorFunction($foo) {
$bar = yield from factoredComputation1($foo);
$baz = yield from factoredComputation2($bar);
return $baz;
}
function factoredComputation1($foo) {
yield $foo + 1;
yield $foo + 2;
}
function factoredComputation2($bar) {
yield $bar + 3;
yield $bar + 4;
}
foreach (myGeneratorFunction(0) as $v) {
echo $v;
}
// 1234

66. @felixgomezlopez
UNICODE SCAPE SYNTAX
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/unicode_escape

67. @felixgomezlopez
UNICODE SCAPE SYNTAX
echo "We u{2665} PHPVigon";
We ♥ PHPVigo
echo "u{1F602}"; // outputs
echo "u{202E}Reversed text";
// outputs txet desreveR

68. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE ALTERNATIVE PHP TAGS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/remove_alternative_php_tags

69. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE ALTERNATIVE PHP TAGS
● <% opening tag
● <%= opening tag with echo
● %> closing tag
● (<scripts+languages*=s*(php|"php"|'php')s*>)i
opening tag
● (</script>)i closing tag

70. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE ALTERNATIVE PHP TAGS
<script type="php">
// No funciona
</script>
<%
// Tampoco funciona
%>

71. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE DEAD SAPIS AND EXTENSIONS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/removal_of_dead_sapis_and_exts

72. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE DEAD SAPIS AND EXTENSIONS
Se eliminan las APIS de servidor no portadas o discontinuadas
● sapi/aolserver
● sapi/apache
● sapi/apache_hooks
● sapi/apache2filter
● sapi/caudium
● sapi/continuity
● sapi/isapi
● sapi/milter
● sapi/nsapi
● sapi/phttpd
● sapi/pi3web
● sapi/roxen
● sapi/thttpd
● sapi/tux
● sapi/webjames
● ext/mssql
● ext/mysql
● ext/sybase_ct
● ext/ereg
Muchas de ellas se migran a PECL

73. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE DEPRECATED FUNCIONALITY
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/remove_deprecated_functionality_in_php7

74. @felixgomezlopez
REMOVE DEPRECATED FUNCIONALITY
Las más notables son:
● Extensión mysql (ext/mysql) -> PDO, mysqli
● Extensión ereg (ext/ereg) -> PCRE
● Asignación de new por referencia $a = & new A;

75. @felixgomezlopez
“REMOVAL” OF PHP4 CONSTRUCTORS
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/remove_deprecated_functionality_in_php7

76. @felixgomezlopez
<?php
class Filter
{
// PHP 5: filter is a constructor
// PHP 7: filter is a constructor and E_DEPRECATED is raised
// PHP 8: filter is a normal method and is not a constructor;
no E_DEPRECATED is raised
function filter($a) {}
}
$filter = new ReflectionMethod('Filter', 'filter');
// PHP 5: bool(true)
// PHP 7: bool(true)
// PHP 8: bool(false)
var_dump($filter->isConstructor());
“REMOVAL” OF PHP4 CONSTRUCTORS

77. @felixgomezlopez
<?php
// function filter is not used as constructor in PHP 5+
class Filter
{
// PHP 5: E_STRICT "Redefining already defined
constructor"
// PHP 7: No error is raised
// PHP 8: No error is raised
function __construct() {}
function filter($a) {}
}
“REMOVAL” OF PHP4 CONSTRUCTORS

78. @felixgomezlopez
<?php
// function filter is not used as constructor in PHP 5+
class Filter {
function __construct() {}
// PHP 5.0.0 - 5.2.13, 5.3.0 - 5.3.2: E_STRICT "Redefining
already defined constructor"
// PHP 5.2.14 - 5.2.17, 5.3.3 - 5.6: No error is raised
// PHP 7: No error is raised
// PHP 8: No error is raised
function filter($a) {}
}
REMOVAL OF PHP4 CONSTRUCTORS

79. @felixgomezlopez
class Filter
{
// PHP 5: filter is a constructor
// PHP 7: filter is a constructor and E_DEPRECATED is raised
// PHP 8: filter is a normal method and is not a constructor; no E_DEPRECATED
is raised
function filter() {}
}
class FilterX extends Filter
{
function __construct(){
// PHP 5: Filter::filter is called; no error
// PHP 7: Filter::filter is called; no error
// PHP 8: "Fatal error: Cannot call constructor"
parent::__construct();
}
}
new FilterX();
“REMOVAL” OF PHP4 CONSTRUCTORS

80. @felixgomezlopez
BUGFIX: MULTIPLE DEFAULT CLAUSES IN SWITCH RAISE ERROR
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/switch.default.
multiple

81. @felixgomezlopez
MULTIPLE DEFAULT CLAUSES IN SWITCH RAISE ERROR
switch ($expr) {
default:
neverExecuted();
break;
default:
executed();
}

82. @felixgomezlopez
BUGFIX: FOREACH BEHAVIOUR
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/php7_foreach

83. @felixgomezlopez
BUGFIX FOREACH BEHAVIOUR
<?php
$a = [1,2,3];
foreach($a as $v) {
echo $v . " - " . current($a) . "n";
}
// PHP5
// 1 - 2
// 2 - 2
// 3 - 2
// PHP7
// 1 - 1
// 2 - 1
// 3 - 1

84. @felixgomezlopez
PHP 7: TESTS

85. @felixgomezlopez
https://hub.docker.com/_/php/
https://github.com/rlerdorf/php7dev
https://3v4l.org/
https://github.com/sstalle/php7cc
TESTS

86. @felixgomezlopez
QUESTIONS?
THANKS!

87. @felixgomezlopez
www.opsou.com www.pedrofigueras.com