Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria transform light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen. Key components include chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water, with the process occurring in light-dependent reactions in chloroplast thylakoids and light-independent reactions in the stroma. It is essential for life on Earth, providing oxygen and energy for ecosystems while being influenced by factors like light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. Photosynthesis is the biological
process by which plants, algae,
and certain bacteria convert light
energy into chemical energy,
enabling them to produce
glucose (a form of stored energy)
and release oxygen as a
byproduct.

3. Key Components

4. C H L O R O P H Y L L

5. These are the green pigments
found in chloroplasts that
absorbs light energy necessary
for photosynthesis to occur.

6. CARBON
DIOXIDE (CO2)

7. Taken in from the atmosphere
through tiny openings called
stomata, where it is used in the
process of converting light
energy into chemical energy.

8. WATER (H2O)

9. Absorbed by plant roots and
transported to leaves, where it
undergoes a process called
photolysis to release oxygen
during photosynthesis.

10. LIGHT

11. Essential for activating
chlorophyll and initiating the
conversion of light energy into
chemical energy.

12. Stages

13. LIGHT-DEPENDENT
REACTIONS :
These occur in the thylakoid
membranes within chloroplasts,
converting light energy into
chemical energy in the form of
ATP and NADPH.

14. LIGHT-INDEPENDENT
REACTIONS (CALVIN CYCLE
):
Taking place in the stroma of
chloroplasts, this stage uses ATP
and NADPH produced in the light-
dependent reactions to convert
carbon dioxide into glucose.

15. Importance:
• Photosynthesis is crucial for life on
Earth as it provides oxygen for
organisms to breathe and serves as
the primary source of energy for most
ecosystems.
• By capturing carbon dioxide and
releasing oxygen, it plays a critical role
in regulating the Earth's atmospheric
composition.

16. FACTORS AFFECTING
P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

17. LIGHT INTENSITY :
Higher light intensity
generally increases the rate
of photosynthesis until a
saturation point is reached.

18. CARBON DIOXIDE
CONCENTRATION :
More CO2 typically enhances
photosynthetic activity until it
reaches a point of saturation.

19. TEMPERATURE:
Photosynthesis operates
optimally within a specific
temperature range, and extreme
temperatures can impede the
process.

21. T H A N K S