Photosynthesis is the essential process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, providing oxygen and forming the basis of the food chain. The overall equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2. It occurs in two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions, and plays a crucial role in supporting life by producing oxygen, providing energy for food chains, and reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.

1. Photosynthesis
The Process of Converting Light
Energy into Chemical Energy

2. What is Photosynthesis?
• Photosynthesis is the process by which green
plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light
energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
It is essential for life on Earth as it provides
oxygen and forms the basis of the food chain.

3. The Photosynthesis Equation
• The overall chemical equation for
photosynthesis is:
• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• - Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are
converted into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen
(O₂).

4. Stages of Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages:
• 1. Light-dependent Reactions:
• - Occur in the thylakoid membranes of
chloroplasts.
• - Convert light energy into chemical energy
(ATP and NADPH).
• 2. Light-independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle):

5. Importance of Photosynthesis
• 1. Produces oxygen essential for most living
organisms.
• 2. Provides energy-rich organic compounds
(glucose) that are the base of the food chain.
• 3. Removes carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, reducing global warming.
• 4. Supports life on Earth by maintaining
ecological balance.