PhD Thesis Proposal - Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory
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PhD Thesis Proposal: Self-Determination Theory as a theoretical foundation for the design of persuasive app features. www.gvillaloboz.com
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PhD Thesis Proposal - Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory
- 3. Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory Gabriela Villalobos-Zúñiga Thesis Proposal Supervisor: Mauro Cherubini HEC Department of Information Systems University of Lausanne June 11th, 2018 Photo by William Hook on Unsplash
- 5. Behavior Change Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory Persuasive Technology Human Computer- Interaction
- 6. Behavior Change Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory Persuasive Technology Human Computer- Interaction
- 8. Persuasive Technology Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory
- 9. Persuasive Technology management sustainability politics health Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory
- 10. Persuasive Technology management sustainability politics health Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory
- 11. Persuasive Technology health Fitness Calorie and Diet Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory
- 12. No connection between feature & behavior Reminders Rewards Dashboards Features
- 13. This presentation focuses on the design of app features based on human motivation theory Photo by lynda.com
- 14. This presentation focuses on the design of app features based on human motivation theory Related Work: Behavior Change Theories Methodology: Test & Design of theory-based features Research Questions: Theory <—> Design Photo by lynda.com
- 15. Related Work
- 16. Behavior Change Theories Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Self-Determination Theory (SDT) [Buchan,D.S. et al., 2012]
- 17. Social Cognitive Theory Behavior People Environment Albert Bandura
- 18. Social Cognitive Theory Albert Bandura
- 19. Social Cognitive Theory self-efficacy Outcome Expectations Socioconstructural factors Goals Behavior [Bandura, A., 2004] Albert Bandura
- 20. [Ajzen, I., 1991] Subjective Norm Attitude toward the behavior Perceived behavioural control BehaviorIntention Theory of Planned Behavior Icek Ajzen
- 21. [Prochaska, J.O., & Velicer,W.F., 1997] Pre- contemplation Stages of Change Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination Transtheoretical Model James O. Prochaska
- 22. [Prochaska, J.O., & Velicer,W.F., 1997] Pre- contemplation Stages of Change Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination Transtheoretical Model James O. Prochaska
- 23. [Deci,E., & Ryan, R.M., 1985] Cognitive Evaluation Theory Meta-Theory with 6 mini theories Causality Orientations Theory Goal Contents Theory Relationship Motivation Theory Organismic Integration Theory Basic Psychological Needs Theory Theoretical Framework: Self-Determination Theory Richard Ryan and Edward Deci
- 24. [Deci,E., & Ryan, R.M., 1985] Meta-Theory with 6 mini theories Organismic Integration Theory Basic Psychological Needs Theory Theoretical Framework: Self-Determination Theory Richard Ryan and Edward Deci
- 25. Motivation Organismic Integration Theory Regulatory Styles Amotivation Non- Regulation Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Regulation External Regulation Introjected Regulation Identified Regulation Integrated Regulation [Deci,E., & Ryan, R.M., 2002] Theoretical Framework: Self-Determination Theory
- 26. Basic Psychological Needs Theory Autonomy Competence Relatedness Source of once’s behavior Effective in one’s interactions Feeling of being connected to others Theoretical Framework: Self-Determination Theory
- 27. Research Gap
- 28. Research Gap Pedometers contributed to internalize motivation for physical activity. [Donnachie, C. et al. , 2017] Mail-mediated intervention based on SDT-Basic Needs increased participants’ exercise levels during intervention. [Levy, S.S. et al. , 2004]
- 29. Research Gap Pedometers contributed to internalize motivation for physical activity. [Donnachie, C. et al. , 2017] Mail-mediated intervention based on SDT-Basic Needs increased participants’ exercise levels during intervention. [Levy, S.S. et al. , 2004] Required physical presence to give treatment Limited to low scale and smaller number of people reached Limitation Lack of clarity on the reasons why pedometers increased physical activity.
- 30. Research Gap
- 31. iMove a web-based computer tailored physical activity intervention using motivational interviewing. [Friederichs,S.A. et al. , 2014] Basic needs web-based intervention to increase physical activity. [Moreau,M. et al. , 2015] Research Gap
- 32. iMove a web-based computer tailored physical activity intervention using motivational interviewing. [Friederichs,S.A. et al. , 2014] Basic needs web-based intervention to increase physical activity. [Moreau,M. et al. , 2015] Even though the intervention is based on basic psychological needs, authors did not report how the regulations affected the autonomy of participants behavior. Research Gap Limitation
- 33. Research Gap
- 34. SDT web-based intervention does not outperform traditional physical activity interventions. [Friederichs,S.A. et al. , 2016] SDT-computerized personal trainer with autonomy supportive and controlling characteristics. [Patrick,H. et al. , 2011] Further studies are necessary to determine if this type of intervention achieve long-term maintenance. Research Gap
- 35. SDT web-based intervention does not outperform traditional physical activity interventions. [Friederichs,S.A. et al. , 2016] SDT-computerized personal trainer with autonomy supportive and controlling characteristics. [Patrick,H. et al. , 2011] Laboratory studies lack of ecological validity. Further studies are necessary to determine if this type of intervention achieve long-term maintenance. No report of physical activity changes. Limitation Research Gap
- 36. Researchers did not report which design elements contributed to their results. No clear procedure of SDT feature design. Lack of clarity on how the theory constructs reflect on the design. A B C Research Gap - Summary
- 37. Research Questions & Streams
- 38. How to translate Self-Determination Theory (SDT) basic psychological needs into design of persuasive applications? Which design component typically used in the design of persuasive apps generates a desired behavior outcome in the context of physical activity? Does the combination of SDT based design elements increases or hinders the effects of single elements towards increasing physical activity? Research Questions
- 39. H o w t o t r a n s l a t e S e l f - Determination Theory (SDT) basic psychological needs into design of persuasive applications? Competence Autonomy Relatedness Research Questions
- 40. Which design component typically used in the design of persuasive apps generates a desired behavior outcome in the context of physical activity? Research Questions
- 41. Does the combination of SDT b a s e d d e s i g n e l e m e n t s increases or hinders the effects of single elements towards increasing physical activity? Research Questions
- 42. 1 Testing different incentive-schemes 2 Testing basic design elements 3 Testing a combination of design elements Research Streams
- 44. Testing basic design elements Autonomy Research Streams 2 Competence Relatedness
- 45. Testing a combination of design elements Autonomy & Competence Research Streams 3 Relatedness & Competence
- 46. Methodology
- 47. Study 1 Study 1: Standardize research methodology —technology, application domain, sampling, administrative process— Study 2 Study 3 Longitudinal ~6-month studies Randomized Control Trials [Oga-Baldwin,W.Q. et al. , 2017; Reinboth, M. D. et al., 2006; Hanus, M.D. et al., 2015] Methodology In the wild studies
- 48. Methodology
- 51. Methodology
- 52. Measures and Covariates # Steps Demographics Intrinsic Motivation Methodology
- 53. Measures and Covariates Experimental Interventions # Steps Demographics Intrinsic Motivation Control Treatment A Methodology Treatment B
- 56. B. Guidelines on how to implement SDT-based technological interventions Expected Contribution A. Bridge the gap between SDT and design of persuasive apps
- 57. B. Guidelines on how to implement SDT-based technological interventions Expected Contribution A. Bridge the gap between SDT and design of persuasive apps "To increase competence and relatedness, design leaderboards with profile images, and include the score on the top of the screen.”
- 58. B. Guidelines on how to implement SDT-based technological interventions Tool for researchers Test new combination of design elements Finding replication in other application domains Expected Contribution A. Bridge the gap between SDT and design of persuasive apps "To increase competence and relatedness, design leaderboards with profile images, and include the score on the top of the screen.”
- 59. Work Materialization ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Villalobos-Zúñiga, G., & Cherubini M. (2018) A Short Workshop on Next Steps Towards Long Term Self Tracking at CHI’18. Activity Self-Tracking with Smart Phones: How to Approach Odd Measurements? Villalobos-Zúñiga, G., & Cherubini M. (2017) Mobile Interface Design with Older Adults Workshop at CHI’17. Not a Technology Person: Motivating Older Adults Toward the User of Mobile Technology. Cherubini M. & Villalobos-Zúñiga, G. Motivational Messages Do Not Push People To Walk More (In preparation) Preliminary Work Expected Contribution
- 60. The Plan
- 61. 2017 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Literature Review CHI'17 Workshop Paper Writing Reading Exam Reading Exam 1st Intervention ◆ 2018 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Intervention ● CHI'18 Workshop Paper Writing TOCHI Submission TOCHI ★ Thesis Proposal Thesis Proposal ▲ Taxonomy of Persuasive Apps CHI'19 Deadline CHI'19 ★ 2nd Intervention ◆ 2019 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 2nd Intervention ● 3rd Intervention ◆ TOCHI Submission TOCHI ★ CHI'20 Deadline 4th Intervention 2020 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 4th Intervention ◆ ● TOCHI Submission TOCHI ★ CHI'21 Deadline CHI'21 ★ Thesis Defense The Plan
- 62. 2017 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Literature Review CHI'17 Workshop Paper Writing Reading Exam Reading Exam 1st Intervention ◆ 2018 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Intervention ● CHI'18 Workshop Paper Writing TOCHI Submission TOCHI ★ Thesis Proposal Thesis Proposal ▲ Taxonomy of Persuasive Apps CHI'19 Deadline CHI'19 ★ 2nd Intervention ◆ 2019 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 2nd Intervention ● 3rd Intervention ◆ TOCHI Submission TOCHI ★ CHI'20 Deadline 4th Intervention 2020 Task 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 4th Intervention ◆ ● TOCHI Submission TOCHI ★ CHI'21 Deadline CHI'21 ★ Thesis Defense Deliverables 3 TOCHI Papers 1 CHI Paper 4 App Prototypes: 1 delivered 3 to go Milestones Paper Publication 4th Quarter 2018 Paper Publication 4th Quarter 2019 Paper Publication 4th Quarter 2020 The Plan
- 63. This presentation focuses on the design of app features based on human motivation theory Photo by lynda.com
- 64. This presentation focuses on the design of app features based on human motivation theory Related Work: Behavior Change Theories Methodology: Test & Design of theory-based features Research Questions: Theory <—> Design Photo by lynda.com
- 66. Design of Persuasive Apps Based on Self-Determination Theory Gabriela Villalobos-Zúñiga Thesis Proposal Supervisor: Mauro Cherubini HEC Department of Information Systems University of Lausanne June 11th, 2018 Photo by William Hook on Unsplash
- 68. PING Findings Tangible rewards do not help to create healthy routines. Giving money to participants do not make them exercise more compare to those who did not receive it. Money produced a negative effect on physical activity. Higher intrinsic motivation higher chances that tangible reward will reduce motivation.
- 69. Rationale for selecting theories SCT: Strong evidence supporting the effects of self-efficacy. However, these was measured in only one dimension (strength), leaving other aside(magnitude and generality) Suggests more comprehensive evaluation of self-efficacy in relation to physical behavior. TPB: Some authors suggest the relation intention-behavior does not diminishes over time, while others recommend to measure it as close as possible to the start of the intended behavior. TTM: A systematic review of TTM-based studies authors found no evidence of positive effects of stage-based interventions as opposed to different approaches.