Peshawar High Court Bar Association Resolution on FATA (May 2014)

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Today Resolution passed by Peshawar High Court Bar Association in general body meeting on the requisition of FATA Lawyers Forum.

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Peshawar High Court Bar Association Resolution on FATA (May 2014)

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Article 1(c) of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan defines the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) as part of the Republic’s territories in addition to the four provinces of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh and the Islamabad Capital Territory. Chapter 1 (Articles 8-28) of the Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights to the citizens in the territories of the Republic. The Fundamental Rights, inter alia, include the security of person, safeguard as to arrest and detention, the right to fair trial, freedom of movement, assembly, association, speech, and equality of citizens. Article 8 of the Constitution provides that any law, custom or usage having the force of law, which is inconsistent or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights is void. In contrast to the spirit of the Constitution and the Fundamental Rights contained therein, there exists no judicial forum for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights in FATA. Justice in FATA is dispensed through a quasi-judicial system in accordance with the provisions of a colonial law known as the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) 1901. The FCR concentrates all judicial and executive powers in the office of the Political Agent/Deputy Commissioner, a senior civil servant of the federal government. In contravention of due process of law, citizens in FATA have no right to fair trial and have little safeguard against arbitrary arrest and detention. Because of its geographical proximity to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, , the people of FATA often approach the Peshawar High Court (PHC) for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights, despite the bar of jurisdiction of the High Courts under Article 247(7) of the Constitution. Several petitions relating to FATA were filed in the PHC during 2013 and 2014, related to four broad categories: 1) illegal detentions by political agents in FATA, 2) service matters of the employees working in FATA, 3) contract matters, and 4) Fundamental Rights. In order to address these petitions in accordance with constitutional provisions, the PHC constituted a “larger bench” for the hearings. The Court also appointed seven eminent amicus curiae to assist it on eight specific points. The Court, after hearing arguments from counsels for the parties and submissions of the amicus curiae, wherein all the previous judgments of the superior courts were exhaustively discussed (see annex for details), considered the matter and passed its judgment on April 7, 2014. The judgment highlights the contradictions in the enforcement of Fundamental Rights and safe administration of justice in FATA. The Court arrived at the conclusion that it has no jurisdiction in areas that constitute FATA except in relation to the terms and conditions of service of the civil servants, development contracts and detentions that violate Section 86-A of the Criminal Procedure Code of Pakistan.

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MAY 6, 2014: The Peshawar High Court (PHC) on Monday advised the federal government to submit a reference in the Parliament for suitable amendments to the Constitution with an aim to protect fundamental human rights in the tribal region. The advice was given by a larger bench in a detailed judgment over matters related to illegal detentions and issues of government servants. The PHC on Monday issued a 46-page judgment related to Fata, in which a larger bench comprising the then PHC chief justice Mian Fasihul Mulk, present Chief Justice Mazhar Alam Miankhel, Justice Yahya Afridi, Justice Qaiser Rasheed and Justice Malik Manzoor Hussain declared that the high court had jurisdiction to hear cases of the employees of provincial and federal governments serving in Fata. About arrest of people from settled areas by the political administration, the bench declared that the high court could assume its jurisdiction in illegal arrest by the political administration. The bench stated that the arrest would be illegal if political administration did not fulfil procedure under section 86-A of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), before shifting the arrested persons to tribal areas from the settled areas. The bench declared that the high court had jurisdiction to hear the cases if the incident or any other agreements on business and other matters took place in settled areas between private parties and action was taken by the political authorities. The bench said the court would decide its jurisdiction in the service maters of those employees who were directly appointed by the political authorities when such cases come to the court for hearing. However, the bench declared that the high court had no jurisdiction to hear cases related to various matters occurring in Fata and illegal arrests of tribal people there.The judgment said the political agents’ basic duty was to run the administrative affairs of various tribal agencies, but at the same time they also act as judge and sentenced the tribal people under the FCR. The bench declared that there was no system to control the unlimited powers of the political agents and that was why they were committing serious violations of fundamental human rights and giving decisions on their own free will and under sub-Article 7 of Article 247 of Constitution their divisions are not challenged in the high court. Therefore, the court declared sub-article 7 of Article 247 of the Constitution inconsistent with articles related to fundamental rights and advised the federal government to submit a reference in the parliament for suitable amendments to the said article. “We are advising the federal government to submit a reference in the National Assembly and Senate for suitable amendments in sub-article 7 of Article 247 of the Constitution. People of Fata are citizens of Pakistan, but imposing restriction through this article of the Constitution against tribal people to get fundamental rights.

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This paper aims to analyze the impediments involved in integration of the FATA in the national mainstream of Pakistan with a view to make suitable recommendations. This paper briefly discusses the historical background and provides a short overview of the administrative, judicial, political and socio-economic aspects of the FATA. In assessing the underlying causes of the FATA problem, this paper suggests a significant change to the FATA’s status quo as an essential and effective measure. To understand the FATA conundrum, case studies of handling Pashtuns residing in the region of the NWF by British, Soviets and later by Pakistan have been done. It has provided a better understanding and apt analysis of the current situation. The paper also addresses the concerns of Pakistan on the involvement of foreign hand in destabilizing the situation inside the FATA and other parts of Pakistan. As the credibility of such like information is always difficult to ascertain; therefore, occasional release of related news in the media and comments of senior Pakistani officials and journalist have been used as base facts for drawing relevant conclusion. The world at large and Pakistanis in particular have to unveil forces working behind the scenes in the FATA. In addition, an effective reform package with a potent media campaign is required to go in to the FATA, thereby not only making the locals aware of the sensitivity of the problem of extremism coupled with terrorism in their society but to make the reminder of Pakistanis also realize that the FATA requires a national effort of integration which cannot be left to only one component of government i.e. Army and other LEAs.

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