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Personalized Learning
                               Bridges Middle-School Math
                                with a Geometric Approach
                                               Presented by
                               Tracy Mittleider, MSEd and Kathleen Lawler
                                 Based on work of Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D.




        Aplus+ Conference
              October 24, 2012


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?


                    Most students in “middle school” are visual
                    learners.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?


                    Most students in “middle school” are visual
                    learners.

                    90% of the math topics can be explored
                    geometrically (visually).




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?


                    Most students in “middle school” are visual
                    learners.

                    90% of the math topics can be explored
                    geometrically (visually).

                    Therefore, it makes sense to teach them
                    geometrically.


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                             Paper




                                           11 in. by 8.5 in.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Drawing board with paper




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Drawing board with paper




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




                                             T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




                                             T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                           T-square




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Pencil (mechanical) and eraser




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Pencil (mechanical) and eraser




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Pencil (mechanical) and eraser




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Pencil (mechanical) and eraser




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Pencil (mechanical) and eraser




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        Pencil (mechanical) and eraser




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                          The 45 triangle




                                                            45°




                                               45°          90°




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                        The 30-60 triangle (a set square)



                                                          30°




                                                  60°     90°




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Drawing Tools
                                         The 30-60 triangle




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Draw the base line




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Draw the base line




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                             Draw the sides




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                             Draw the sides




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                             Draw the sides




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                             Draw the sides




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




                                                     1      1
                                                     2      2




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




                                                     1       1
                                                     3       3
                                                         1
                                                         3




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into thirds




                                                         1
                                                         3

                                                    1        1
                                                    3        3




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




                                          Find the center of the base line.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




                                                                     tick mark




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths



                                                         1
                                                         4
                                                         1
                                                    1    4     1
                                                    4          4




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the rhombuses:
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the rhombuses: ABDF
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the rhombuses: ABDF, BCDF
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the rhombuses: ABDF, BCDF,
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012      BDEF
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the trapezoids:
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the trapezoids: BCEF
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the trapezoids: BCEF, ACDF
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into fourths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F



                                             C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name the trapezoids: BCEF, ACDF,
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012      ABDE
Equilateral Triangles




                                          What if we cut this shape out….
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          …and folded it on the lines….
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          It’s a tetrahedron!
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name an acute triangle:
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name an acute triangle: ACE
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                             C                      E
                                                         D



                                          Name a right triangle:
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name a right triangle: ADE
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name a right triangle: ADE, ABE
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name a right triangle: ADE, ABE, ABG
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name an obtuse triangle:
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                            Divide it into sixths

                                                        A



                                                  B             F
                                                            G


                                            C                       E
                                                         D



                                          Name an obtuse triangle: GCE
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




                                          Can you see the cube?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




                                          Can you see the cube?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




                                          Do you see the hexagon?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                           Divide it into twelfths




                                          Do you see the hexagon?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          Ninths
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          Twenty-sevenths
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          Twenty-sevenths
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          Thirty-seconds
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




                                          Stephanie, 6, did 256!
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Equilateral Triangles
                                                Spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.
                                          • Incorporates measuring.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.
                                          • Incorporates measuring.
                                          • Allows independent work.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.
                                          • Incorporates measuring.
                                          • Allows independent work.
                                          • Excellent preparation for
                                            high school mathematics.


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                Goals




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.
                                          • To prepare for more
                                            advanced mathematics.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.
                                          • To prepare for more
                                            advanced mathematics.
                                          • To discover mathematics
                                            in the everyday world.



© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.
                                          • To prepare for more
                                            advanced mathematics.
                                          • To discover mathematics
                                            in the everyday world.
                                          • To enjoy mathematics.


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?


                    Most students in “middle school” are visual
                    learners.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?


                    Most students in “middle school” are visual
                    learners.

                    90% of the math topics can be explored
                    geometrically (visually).




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Why a Geometric Approach?


                    Most students in “middle school” are visual
                    learners.

                    90% of the math topics can be explored
                    geometrically (visually).

                    Therefore, it makes sense to teach them
                    geometrically.


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




                                        The 45 triangle.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




                                        The 45 triangle is half of a square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




                                        Halves
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




                                        Fourths
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




                                        Eighths
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares




                                        Sixteenths
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                                Halves




                                        We need to find the center.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                                Halves




                                        We need to find the center.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                                Halves




                                        We need to find the center.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                         Halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                         Halves




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                         Fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                         Fourths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                               Eighths




                                        Find the center of a small square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                               Eighths




                                        Find the center of a small square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                               Eighths




                                        Find the center of a small square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                               Eighths




                                        Find the center of a small square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                         Eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                         Eighths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Sixteenths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Sixteenths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Sixteenths




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Circumscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                          Inscribed squares




                                        Compare the area of the squares.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                          Inscribed squares




                                        Compare the area of the squares.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Inscribed squares




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Squares
                                        Right triangle spiral




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Start with a small equilateral triangle.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Draw all the diagonals.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Draw all the diagonals.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Draw all the diagonals.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Draw all the diagonals.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Draw all the diagonals.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Draw all the diagonals.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons




                                        Do you see another hexagon?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        Do you see another hexagon?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        2 non-congruent rectangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        2 non-congruent rectangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        2 non-congruent rectangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent right triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent right triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent right triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent right triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        2 non-congruent rhombuses?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        2 non-congruent rhombuses?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        2 non-congruent rhombuses?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                            Find the figures




                                        3 similar equilateral triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                            Find the figures




                                        3 similar equilateral triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                            Find the figures




                                        3 similar equilateral triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 similar obtuse triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 similar obtuse triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 similar obtuse triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 similar obtuse triangles?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent trapezoids?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent trapezoids?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent trapezoids?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                           Find the figures




                                        3 non-congruent trapezoids?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                            Find the figures




                                        2 similar kites?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                            Find the figures




                                        2 similar kites?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                            Find the figures




                                        2 similar kites?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




                        Apothem: perpendicular line from side to center.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




                        Apothem: perpendicular line from side to center.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




                        Apothem: perpendicular line from side to center.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




                                        Ratio of the areas of star and hexagon?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the small star




                                        Ratio of the areas of star and hexagon?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Hexagons
                                        Constructing the large star




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
The Clock
                11 12 1
              10        2
              9          3
              8         4
                7 6 5




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
The Clock
                11 12 1
              10        2
              9          3
              8         4
                7 6 5




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
The Clock
                11 12 1
              10        2
              9          3
              8         4
                7 6 5




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
The Clock
                11 12 1
              10        2
              9          3
              8         4
                7 6 5




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
The Clock
                11 12 1
              10        2
              9          3
              8         4
                7 6 5




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
The Clock
                11 12 1
              10        2
              9          3
              8         4
                7 6 5



                                               11 12 1
                                          10               2
                                          9                3
                                          8                4
                                               7   6   5




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Right Triangle Design




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Are the 3 green figures are equal in
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012     area?
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        The 3 green figures ARE equal in area.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




                                        Constructing a tangram arrangement.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangrams




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Start at the left side of the paper.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Start at the left side of the paper.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Reflect the image vertically across the
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012    line.
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Reflect the image vertically.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Reflect the image horizontally.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Reflect the image horizontally.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        The blue rotated 180° is the yellow.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Reflect the image vertically.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry




                                        Two horizontal reflections is the original.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry

                                        • Such constructions require
                                          thinking ahead.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry

                                        • Such constructions require
                                          thinking ahead.
                                        • Each step must be justified;
                                          no guessing.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry

                                        • Such constructions require
                                          thinking ahead.
                                        • Each step must be justified;
                                          no guessing.
                                        • Symmetry is in everyday life.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Tangram Design Symmetry

                                        • Such constructions require
                                          thinking ahead.
                                        • Each step must be justified;
                                          no guessing.
                                        • Symmetry is in everyday life.
                                        • Symmetry is often on tests.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        First construct a right triangle.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Area of blue squares = yellow square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Area of blue squares = yellow square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Draw a right triangle.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Turn the t-square upside down.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Do not move the t-square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Do not move the t-square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Pythagorean Theorem




                                        Area of blue squares = yellow square.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                  A




                                        B               C




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                         A




                                          B                  C




                                        Draw the altitude.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                          A




                                          B                    C




                                        Area is half of enclosing rectangle.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                            A




                                          B                     C




                                        Another altitude.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                         A




                                          B                  C




                                        Find the area.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                            A




                                          B                     C




                                        Another altitude.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                         A




                                          B                  C




                                        Find the area.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                          A




                                          B                    C




                                        Altitudes intersect at the orthocenter.
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Triangle Area

                                                         A




                                          B                    C




                                        3 areas slightly different. Why?
© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.
                                          • Incorporates measuring.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.
                                          • Incorporates measuring.
                                          • Allows independent work.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach

                                          • Basis of CAD (computer
                                            aided design).
                                          • Integrates many
                                            concepts.
                                          • Incorporates measuring.
                                          • Allows independent work.
                                          • Excellent preparation for
                                            high school mathematics.


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                Goals




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.
                                          • To prepare for more
                                            advanced mathematics.




© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.
                                          • To prepare for more
                                            advanced mathematics.
                                          • To discover mathematics
                                            in the everyday world.



© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Geometric Approach
                                                    Goals
                                          • To use elementary math.
                                          • To learn to read math
                                            texts.
                                          • To prepare for more
                                            advanced mathematics.
                                          • To discover mathematics
                                            in the everyday world.
                                          • To enjoy mathematics.


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012
Personalized Learning
                      Bridges Middle-School Math
                  with a Geometric Approach – Part 2
                                               Presented by
                               Tracy Mittleider, MSEd and Kathleen Lawler
                                 Based on work of Joan A. Cotter, Ph.D.




        Aplus+ Conference
              October 24, 2012


© Activities for Learning, Inc., 2012

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Personalized Learning Bridges Middle School Math with a Geometric Approach

Editor's Notes

  1. Right-handed user.
  2. Hold pencil 2-3cm (1 in.)from tip.
  3. Parallel lines.
  4. Triangle must hug the t-square.
  5. This doesn’t work!
  6. Perpendicular lines.
  7. Perpendicular lines.
  8. Still more parallel lines.
  9. Intersecting lines.
  10. Intersecting lines.
  11. Maintain a margin.
  12. Move the t-square down.
  13. Draw a side.
  14. Flip the triangle and repeat.
  15. Flip the triangle and repeat.
  16. A bit of erasing.
  17. The two halves are congruent.
  18. Divide it in half another way.
  19. Divide it in half another way.
  20. Divide it in half another way.
  21. Divide it in half another way.
  22. A bit of erasing.
  23. Flip the triangle and repeat.
  24. Can you figure out how to do it?
  25. Finding the center of the base line.
  26. Be sure the tick mark intersects the line.
  27. Flip the triangle over and repeat.
  28. How do you draw the last line?
  29. The smaller triangles are similar to the larger triangle.
  30. Name the rhombuses:
  31. Name the rhombuses: ABDF,
  32. Name the rhombuses. ABDF, BCDF,
  33. Name the rhombuses: ABDF, BCDF, BDEF.
  34. Name the trapezoids:
  35. Name the trapezoids: BCEF,
  36. Name the trapezoids: BCEF, ACDF,
  37. Name the trapezoids: BCEF, ACDF, ABDE.
  38. Cut it out….
  39. and fold on the lines.
  40. and fold on the lines.
  41. and fold on the dotted lines.
  42. and fold on the dotted lines.
  43. and fold on the dotted lines.
  44. How could you draw eighths?
  45. Not very esthetic.
  46. Can you divide it into sixths?
  47. Name an acute triangle:
  48. Name an acute triangle: ACE.
  49. Name a right triangle: ADE, ABE, ABG.
  50. Draw the base line.
  51. Move the t-square down.
  52. Draw the sides.
  53. Draw the diagonal…
  54. or just a tick mark.
  55. Draw the top.
  56. A bit of erasing.
  57. Outside square is twice the size of the inscribed square.
  58. No tracing or measuring.
  59. No tracing or measuring.
  60. No tracing or measuring.
  61. No tracing or measuring.
  62. No tracing or measuring.
  63. No tracing or measuring.
  64. No tracing or measuring.
  65. No tracing or measuring.
  66. No tracing or measuring.
  67. More examples to construct.