Interest in, and indeed mandates for, environmentally responsible
(sustainable) building and packaging products continues to grow. While
many product manufacturers may promote their products as "green”, many
fail to be able to back up their claims.
This document summarizes research from Scion, a New Zealand research organization, on biopolymers and chemicals from 2014-2015. It discusses how Scion is supporting manufacturers through research on sustainable and biobased resources. Key points include Scion developing an eco-friendly bioplastic alternative to polystyrene foam called ZealaFoam, research finding that a biocomposite reinforced with wood fibers can be highly recyclable, and industrial extrusion trials being assisted by computer simulation to optimize natural fiber compounding processes.
NORDEL IP and NORDEL MG are types of EPDM polymers that are used to make rubber products. NORDEL IP is made through a solution process and sold as pellets or bales, while NORDEL MG is made through a gas phase process and sold as granules. Both products require proper handling and storage to avoid ignition risks from static electricity or degradation from heat or light exposure. The document provides technical details on the products' compositions, manufacturing processes, FDA compliance statuses for food contact applications, and recommendations for compounding, mixing, and other processing steps.
Kreysler & Associates Field Study (EPS Reduction)shuivc
This report analyzes ways for Kreysler & Associates (K&A) to reduce waste from their use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in producing fiberglass reinforced polymer parts. Currently, 100% of EPS purchased goes to waste. The report evaluates process changes and alternative materials. It finds that using a dust sheet to prevent contamination along with selling clean EPS chunks for reuse can reduce waste while being feasible. Continuing EPS and resin use is also recommended until better alternatives are identified.
EKO GEA has developed a product from marine algae that is effective in cleaning and waste treatment applications. It activates the biological digestion process and eliminates odors. Two case studies show it was effective. At a sugar factory, it eliminated odors from waste ponds. At an organic sugar producer, it reduced lime and other additive usage in beet washing by 50%, lowering costs and equipment wear.
Dyes and Pigments Manufacturing Industrial Waste Water Treatment MethodologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses treatment methods for wastewater from dyes and pigments manufacturing industries. It analyzes the characteristics of the wastewater, which contains high levels of ammonia, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids. It evaluates different coagulation and flocculation treatments using various coagulants like ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum chloride. The best treatment found was a combination of ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride coagulants with sodium hydroxide as a flocculant, which achieved the highest removal rates of COD, ammonia, and total dissolved solids.
Technical Features of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) InsulationKORE Insulation
KORE's guide to the technical features of expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation highlights the features and benefits of using EPS in your next new build or retrofit project. EPS is designed to be sustainable, lasting the lifetime of every building where it's installed while exceeding building regulations. For more information visit http://www.kore-system.com or download our technical documents at http://docs.kore-system.com.
Montgomery County, Maryland banned polystyrene food service products to reduce litter, protect aquatic life, promote sustainability, and avoid potential health effects. The ban, established in Bill 41-14 and effective from 2016-2017, prohibits food service businesses and retailers from using or selling expanded polystyrene food containers and packaging. The County conducted extensive outreach to educate affected groups about the ban and alternatives to polystyrene through websites, newsletters, presentations, and translated materials. Certain products and exemptions apply.
The webinar covered Montgomery County's ban on expanded polystyrene food service ware and loose fill packaging. The ban, enacted under Bill 41-14, prohibits the use of these products by food service businesses and their sale. It requires compostable or recyclable alternatives be used instead. The ban's effective dates are January 1, 2016 for businesses to stop using expanded polystyrene and January 1, 2017 to completely switch to compostable/recyclable options. The webinar provided examples of banned and allowed products, background on the bill, summaries of its requirements, and contact information for a vendor list and education from the Department of Environmental Protection.
This document summarizes research from Scion, a New Zealand research organization, on biopolymers and chemicals from 2014-2015. It discusses how Scion is supporting manufacturers through research on sustainable and biobased resources. Key points include Scion developing an eco-friendly bioplastic alternative to polystyrene foam called ZealaFoam, research finding that a biocomposite reinforced with wood fibers can be highly recyclable, and industrial extrusion trials being assisted by computer simulation to optimize natural fiber compounding processes.
NORDEL IP and NORDEL MG are types of EPDM polymers that are used to make rubber products. NORDEL IP is made through a solution process and sold as pellets or bales, while NORDEL MG is made through a gas phase process and sold as granules. Both products require proper handling and storage to avoid ignition risks from static electricity or degradation from heat or light exposure. The document provides technical details on the products' compositions, manufacturing processes, FDA compliance statuses for food contact applications, and recommendations for compounding, mixing, and other processing steps.
Kreysler & Associates Field Study (EPS Reduction)shuivc
This report analyzes ways for Kreysler & Associates (K&A) to reduce waste from their use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in producing fiberglass reinforced polymer parts. Currently, 100% of EPS purchased goes to waste. The report evaluates process changes and alternative materials. It finds that using a dust sheet to prevent contamination along with selling clean EPS chunks for reuse can reduce waste while being feasible. Continuing EPS and resin use is also recommended until better alternatives are identified.
EKO GEA has developed a product from marine algae that is effective in cleaning and waste treatment applications. It activates the biological digestion process and eliminates odors. Two case studies show it was effective. At a sugar factory, it eliminated odors from waste ponds. At an organic sugar producer, it reduced lime and other additive usage in beet washing by 50%, lowering costs and equipment wear.
Dyes and Pigments Manufacturing Industrial Waste Water Treatment MethodologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses treatment methods for wastewater from dyes and pigments manufacturing industries. It analyzes the characteristics of the wastewater, which contains high levels of ammonia, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids. It evaluates different coagulation and flocculation treatments using various coagulants like ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum chloride. The best treatment found was a combination of ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride coagulants with sodium hydroxide as a flocculant, which achieved the highest removal rates of COD, ammonia, and total dissolved solids.
Technical Features of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) InsulationKORE Insulation
KORE's guide to the technical features of expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation highlights the features and benefits of using EPS in your next new build or retrofit project. EPS is designed to be sustainable, lasting the lifetime of every building where it's installed while exceeding building regulations. For more information visit http://www.kore-system.com or download our technical documents at http://docs.kore-system.com.
Montgomery County, Maryland banned polystyrene food service products to reduce litter, protect aquatic life, promote sustainability, and avoid potential health effects. The ban, established in Bill 41-14 and effective from 2016-2017, prohibits food service businesses and retailers from using or selling expanded polystyrene food containers and packaging. The County conducted extensive outreach to educate affected groups about the ban and alternatives to polystyrene through websites, newsletters, presentations, and translated materials. Certain products and exemptions apply.
The webinar covered Montgomery County's ban on expanded polystyrene food service ware and loose fill packaging. The ban, enacted under Bill 41-14, prohibits the use of these products by food service businesses and their sale. It requires compostable or recyclable alternatives be used instead. The ban's effective dates are January 1, 2016 for businesses to stop using expanded polystyrene and January 1, 2017 to completely switch to compostable/recyclable options. The webinar provided examples of banned and allowed products, background on the bill, summaries of its requirements, and contact information for a vendor list and education from the Department of Environmental Protection.
plastic waste management 226 a perspectiveArvind Kumar
This document summarizes information about plastic waste management and e-waste management. It discusses the types and sources of plastic waste, issues with plastic waste in India like child labor in collection and import of waste without proper technology. It also discusses e-waste including sources and composition of e-waste, partnerships for e-waste management, and the growing e-waste problem in India.
plastic waste management 226 a perspectivearvind kumar
Plastics are polymers which solidify at normal temperature and pressure and are nonsoluble
in water. They are light weight plastics 1/6 of steel, 1 /2of Al.
LDPE is formed from ethylene at a high pressure of 1500-3000 atmosphere at a temperature range of175-250oC in presence of some oxygen, peroxide, or azocompounds as initiators.
LDPE has nearly 20–50 branches (both long and short branches) per 1000 linear carbon atoms in the chain molecules.
The loss of molecular symmetry due to the high degree of branching results in a lower density range (0.915–0.94 g/cm3 ) and lower softening or melting temperature.
LDPE dissolves in toluene at or above 60°C.HDPE is usually more resistant to chemicals than LDPE.
HDPE is soluble in toluene at 900C.
2–5 short branches or side chains per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain, thus having a higher density range (0.945–0.96) and high melting temperature (125–130°C) compared to LDPE. HDPE-The polymerization at a low temperature and pressure in presence of metal oxide catalyst
Poly ethylenes are very good insulating materials and are adequately flexible hence used as an insulator in wires and cables.
They find extensive uses and applications as molded or formed objects, films, sheets, bottles and containers, pipes, and tubes.
Polythene finds application in packaging, waterproofing, irrigation, and water management including canal lining and mulching, and in coating and lamination.
Polypropylene - Addition polymer
Thermoplastic
Monomer propylene
USES
For making household appliances
In package industry
For making plastic parts of machinery
For making plastic furniture
For making syringes, medical vials, Petri dishes, pill containers, specimen bottles. Polystyrene is synthesized by the polymerization of styrene at 335K in the presence of a benzoyl peroxide initiator. It is used as an electrical insulator.
Expanded polystyrene finds extensive use in packaging and shock absorbing applications, in thermal insulation, and as acoustic improvers in halls and auditoria.
High impact grades are suitable for use as toys, games and sports articles, casings and cabinets for electrical/ electronic gadgets and equipment, and inner liners of refrigerators.
Another major use of polystyrene is in the making of ion-exchange resins. Kevlar is an aromatic polyamide
Five times more tensile strength than steel.
POLYVINYL PYROLIDONE(PVP)(POVIDONE),ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE (EVA), SARAN , TEFLON (polytetrafluoroethylene) – A fluoro polymer, POLYACRYLONITRILE (PAN),Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA), Poly(Hexamethylene Adipamide): Nylon 66, Nylon 6, KEVLAR, Terylene, GLYPTAL, Lexan, POLYURETHANES, UF( Urea –Formaldehyde)
MF (Melamine- formaldehyde)
PF (Phenol-Formaldehyde),MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESIN(MELMAC)(MF), NATURAL RUBBER, VULCANISATION, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, Butadiene rubber(BR), polybutadiene, Buna-S, BUNA- N, EPDM ( ethylene, propylene, diene monomer) , Neoprene, silicone rubber, Pollution due to plastics , and recycling of plastics are the other topics discussed here.
Poly(phenylethene), also known as polystyrene, is the third most produced polymer from ethylene. It has a wide range of uses from packaging to appliances due to its physical properties being adjustable. Production techniques have increased its strength, impact resistance, and insulating abilities. It is made through radical polymerization of its monomer styrene, which is produced from benzene in multi-step processes. Common applications include food packaging, appliances, and insulation.
Ms. Sanaa Al Ghimlas - K-Pak's Opinion that Plastic is Not Evil and the Advan...Hudhaib Al-Allatti
The document compares different packaging materials and their environmental impacts. It finds that plastic, specifically PET plastic, has advantages over paper, glass, aluminum and degradable plastics. PET plastic requires less energy to produce and transport, results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and has less environmental impact than alternatives. It can also be easily recycled without contaminating the recycling system.
This document discusses the development of noise absorbing composite materials using agricultural waste products. Traditionally, expensive synthetic materials are used for noise absorption but these are not environmentally friendly. The project aims to develop a cheap, renewable and biodegradable noise absorbing material from agricultural wastes like rice straw and bamboo. These materials are abundant, porous, and can be molded into insulation for applications like construction, vehicles and appliances. The document explores extracting and processing rice straw, bamboo and sugarcane waste into composite panels through cutting, blending, pressing and testing to analyze their sound absorbing and thermal properties for noise control.
Guidelines for handling and storing styrene resins Viscodec
The document provides guidelines for the use and handling of styrenated resins in cured-in-place pipe installations. It finds that styrene levels from CIPP installations present minimal risk to human health and the environment. Studies show styrene breaks down rapidly in the environment through biodegradation. The document advises contractors to practice good housekeeping and notify residents to ventilate areas if sewer traps are damaged to minimize odor issues. Contractors are expected to meet EPA requirements for discharging process water.
Plastics In Packaging Of Drinking Water By Dr. Sania Akhtar CIPET, MysoreIndia Water Portal
Presentation by Dr. Sania Akhtar at the Seminar on Packaged Water Industry in India which was organised by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on 30th June 2009.
To know more click on the link http://indiawaterportal.org/post/6790
We thank CII and the presenters for giving us permission to make these presentations available online.
Customer Bulletin 0410 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300Joe Hughes
This Customer Bulletin is part of a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and performance characteristics of competing polyisocyanurate rigid foam insulations fabricated from bunstock. As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with HiTherm’s HT-300 (each 2 lb/ft3 density).
Customer Bulletin 0515 A Comparison of ISO ISO-C1 and HT-300Dyplast Products
This document provides a comparison of two polyisocyanurate insulation materials, ISO-C1 and HT-300. ISO-C1 is manufactured in the US using pentane blowing agent, while HT-300 is manufactured outside the US using HCFC blowing agent. Physical properties of ISO-C1 have been independently verified, while verification of HT-300 properties could not be found. ISO-C1 generally has better properties such as lower water vapor permeability, higher flame/smoke ratings, and better dimensional stability. The document concludes that while HiTherm claims HT-300 meets standards, its published data shows it does not meet all requirements of ASTM C591-13.
Customer Bulletin 05-15 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300 Polyisocyanurate In...Joe Hughes
This document provides a comparison of two polyisocyanurate insulation materials, ISO-C1 and HT-300. It finds that ISO-C1 is manufactured in the US using pentane as a blowing agent, while HT-300 is manufactured outside the US likely using HCFCs. ISO-C1 has lower water vapor permeability, better dimensional stability, and independently verified physical properties compared to HT-300. The document concludes HT-300 does not fully comply with ASTM standards according to its published data.
Manufacturing of Propylene Oxide. Investment Opportunities in Chemical Industry.
Propylene oxide is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3CHCH2O. This colorless volatile liquid with an odor resembling ether, is produced on a large scale industrially. Its major application is its use for the production of polyether polyols for use in making polyurethane plastics.
Propylene oxide liquid and vapor are extremely flammable. Vapors may travel long distances and are heavier than air. Vapor may cause flash fire or explosion. Aqueous mixtures with propylene oxide concentrations as low as 0.75% may be flammable.
See More
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/chemicals-organic-inorganic-industrial-projects/z,,2e,26c,a/index.html?_sort_by=default
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4506/manufacturing-propylene-oxide-investment-opportunities-in-chemical-industry.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This document provides an overview of the lifecycle of Styrofoam, from its production using chemicals like benzene and styrene, to its various uses in packaging, building insulation, and crafts. It discusses the potential health impacts on factory workers from chemical exposure and notes that styrene has been found in human fatty tissues and breast milk. The document also examines the environmental impacts of Styrofoam waste in landfills and the transportation required for its widespread distribution. Alternatives to Styrofoam are mentioned as well.
The document discusses trends in the increasing use of biocomposites and natural fibers in automotive applications. It notes that crude oil prices are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades, increasing the motivation for alternative materials. Automakers have begun incorporating bioplastics, natural fibers, and biocomposites into various interior and exterior car parts to reduce weight and emissions. Examples include Mercedes-Benz using coconut fiber and natural rubber in headrests from 1991 onward. Many automakers now use natural fibers and bioplastics in seats, door panels, and other components. Research is also exploring nano-cellulose fibers as potentially stronger and more sustainable reinforcements for biocomposites.
Customer Bulletin 0410 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300Dyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is part of a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and performance characteristics of competing polyisocyanurate rigid foam insulations fabricated from bunstock. As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with HiTherm’s HT-300 (each 2 lb/ft3 density).
IMPORTANCE OF BIO-POLYMERS AND POLYMERS Lini Cleetus
This document discusses polymers and biopolymers. It defines polymers as large molecules composed of repeated subunits and explains that polymerization combines monomers into covalently bonded chains. It outlines various applications of polymers in automotive, medical, and aerospace fields. Both positives like strength and weight and negatives like improper disposal are noted. Solutions proposed include reuse, recycling like Levi's jeans containing recycled PET bottles, plastic roads in India containing waste plastic, and converting plastics to fuels. Biopolymers derived from renewable resources are highlighted as alternatives that are biodegradable, carbon neutral, and help reduce fossil fuel dependence.
ECO-FRIENDLY AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS PROGRESSING CIRCULAR ECONOMYiQHub
Budenheim offers sustainable solutions for the life science and materials science markets, including circular economy solutions. They have expertise in polymer processing and formulation. Their products include masterbatches, flame retardants, and additives that provide benefits such as lightweighting, energy efficiency, and improved performance while reducing CO2 emissions. Their foaming agents can reduce part weight by over 10% through cellular structure formation. They also offer color masterbatches that maximize recyclate usage and enable detection and sorting of colored plastics for recycling.
Polyflow is a company that has patented a process to crack mixed polymer waste back into its original monomer building blocks. This process produces valuable aromatics that can be used in the petrochemical industry. It provides an alternative to landfilling polymer waste and reduces dependence on crude oil. The process is economically and environmentally sustainable as it generates most of the energy needed and addresses the growing problem of polymer waste in landfills.
This document is a term paper submitted by Swami Mrityunjay for his course MEC-208 at Lovely Professional University. The paper acknowledges the support and guidance of his guide Mr. Anuj and the LPU staff. The paper discusses plastics and their importance in engineering products. It provides examples of engineering plastics such as ABS, polycarbonate, and nylons. It explains how plastics are important in manufacturing due to properties like durability, light weight and low cost. Plastics have various applications in industries like automotive, food packaging and construction. The paper also mentions challenges of plastic waste and efforts towards recycling.
The document describes the properties of CERAM-A-STAR 950, a new color system technology for coating metal panels on exterior walls and roofs. It has highly durable colors that show superior resistance to fading, chalking, and other damage from environmental exposure compared to traditional silicone-protected polyester finishes. The coating is available in various colors and performs well in tests for weathering, chemicals, corrosion and other factors, making it suitable for long-term building construction projects.
TRINAR® is a high-performance fluoropolymer coating containing 70% polyvinylidene (PVDF) resin.
This unique resin is combined with other proprietary resins and the highest quality ceramic and select
inorganic pigments for the finest metal finish available.
plastic waste management 226 a perspectiveArvind Kumar
This document summarizes information about plastic waste management and e-waste management. It discusses the types and sources of plastic waste, issues with plastic waste in India like child labor in collection and import of waste without proper technology. It also discusses e-waste including sources and composition of e-waste, partnerships for e-waste management, and the growing e-waste problem in India.
plastic waste management 226 a perspectivearvind kumar
Plastics are polymers which solidify at normal temperature and pressure and are nonsoluble
in water. They are light weight plastics 1/6 of steel, 1 /2of Al.
LDPE is formed from ethylene at a high pressure of 1500-3000 atmosphere at a temperature range of175-250oC in presence of some oxygen, peroxide, or azocompounds as initiators.
LDPE has nearly 20–50 branches (both long and short branches) per 1000 linear carbon atoms in the chain molecules.
The loss of molecular symmetry due to the high degree of branching results in a lower density range (0.915–0.94 g/cm3 ) and lower softening or melting temperature.
LDPE dissolves in toluene at or above 60°C.HDPE is usually more resistant to chemicals than LDPE.
HDPE is soluble in toluene at 900C.
2–5 short branches or side chains per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain, thus having a higher density range (0.945–0.96) and high melting temperature (125–130°C) compared to LDPE. HDPE-The polymerization at a low temperature and pressure in presence of metal oxide catalyst
Poly ethylenes are very good insulating materials and are adequately flexible hence used as an insulator in wires and cables.
They find extensive uses and applications as molded or formed objects, films, sheets, bottles and containers, pipes, and tubes.
Polythene finds application in packaging, waterproofing, irrigation, and water management including canal lining and mulching, and in coating and lamination.
Polypropylene - Addition polymer
Thermoplastic
Monomer propylene
USES
For making household appliances
In package industry
For making plastic parts of machinery
For making plastic furniture
For making syringes, medical vials, Petri dishes, pill containers, specimen bottles. Polystyrene is synthesized by the polymerization of styrene at 335K in the presence of a benzoyl peroxide initiator. It is used as an electrical insulator.
Expanded polystyrene finds extensive use in packaging and shock absorbing applications, in thermal insulation, and as acoustic improvers in halls and auditoria.
High impact grades are suitable for use as toys, games and sports articles, casings and cabinets for electrical/ electronic gadgets and equipment, and inner liners of refrigerators.
Another major use of polystyrene is in the making of ion-exchange resins. Kevlar is an aromatic polyamide
Five times more tensile strength than steel.
POLYVINYL PYROLIDONE(PVP)(POVIDONE),ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE (EVA), SARAN , TEFLON (polytetrafluoroethylene) – A fluoro polymer, POLYACRYLONITRILE (PAN),Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA), Poly(Hexamethylene Adipamide): Nylon 66, Nylon 6, KEVLAR, Terylene, GLYPTAL, Lexan, POLYURETHANES, UF( Urea –Formaldehyde)
MF (Melamine- formaldehyde)
PF (Phenol-Formaldehyde),MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESIN(MELMAC)(MF), NATURAL RUBBER, VULCANISATION, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, Butadiene rubber(BR), polybutadiene, Buna-S, BUNA- N, EPDM ( ethylene, propylene, diene monomer) , Neoprene, silicone rubber, Pollution due to plastics , and recycling of plastics are the other topics discussed here.
Poly(phenylethene), also known as polystyrene, is the third most produced polymer from ethylene. It has a wide range of uses from packaging to appliances due to its physical properties being adjustable. Production techniques have increased its strength, impact resistance, and insulating abilities. It is made through radical polymerization of its monomer styrene, which is produced from benzene in multi-step processes. Common applications include food packaging, appliances, and insulation.
Ms. Sanaa Al Ghimlas - K-Pak's Opinion that Plastic is Not Evil and the Advan...Hudhaib Al-Allatti
The document compares different packaging materials and their environmental impacts. It finds that plastic, specifically PET plastic, has advantages over paper, glass, aluminum and degradable plastics. PET plastic requires less energy to produce and transport, results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and has less environmental impact than alternatives. It can also be easily recycled without contaminating the recycling system.
This document discusses the development of noise absorbing composite materials using agricultural waste products. Traditionally, expensive synthetic materials are used for noise absorption but these are not environmentally friendly. The project aims to develop a cheap, renewable and biodegradable noise absorbing material from agricultural wastes like rice straw and bamboo. These materials are abundant, porous, and can be molded into insulation for applications like construction, vehicles and appliances. The document explores extracting and processing rice straw, bamboo and sugarcane waste into composite panels through cutting, blending, pressing and testing to analyze their sound absorbing and thermal properties for noise control.
Guidelines for handling and storing styrene resins Viscodec
The document provides guidelines for the use and handling of styrenated resins in cured-in-place pipe installations. It finds that styrene levels from CIPP installations present minimal risk to human health and the environment. Studies show styrene breaks down rapidly in the environment through biodegradation. The document advises contractors to practice good housekeeping and notify residents to ventilate areas if sewer traps are damaged to minimize odor issues. Contractors are expected to meet EPA requirements for discharging process water.
Plastics In Packaging Of Drinking Water By Dr. Sania Akhtar CIPET, MysoreIndia Water Portal
Presentation by Dr. Sania Akhtar at the Seminar on Packaged Water Industry in India which was organised by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on 30th June 2009.
To know more click on the link http://indiawaterportal.org/post/6790
We thank CII and the presenters for giving us permission to make these presentations available online.
Customer Bulletin 0410 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300Joe Hughes
This Customer Bulletin is part of a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and performance characteristics of competing polyisocyanurate rigid foam insulations fabricated from bunstock. As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with HiTherm’s HT-300 (each 2 lb/ft3 density).
Customer Bulletin 0515 A Comparison of ISO ISO-C1 and HT-300Dyplast Products
This document provides a comparison of two polyisocyanurate insulation materials, ISO-C1 and HT-300. ISO-C1 is manufactured in the US using pentane blowing agent, while HT-300 is manufactured outside the US using HCFC blowing agent. Physical properties of ISO-C1 have been independently verified, while verification of HT-300 properties could not be found. ISO-C1 generally has better properties such as lower water vapor permeability, higher flame/smoke ratings, and better dimensional stability. The document concludes that while HiTherm claims HT-300 meets standards, its published data shows it does not meet all requirements of ASTM C591-13.
Customer Bulletin 05-15 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300 Polyisocyanurate In...Joe Hughes
This document provides a comparison of two polyisocyanurate insulation materials, ISO-C1 and HT-300. It finds that ISO-C1 is manufactured in the US using pentane as a blowing agent, while HT-300 is manufactured outside the US likely using HCFCs. ISO-C1 has lower water vapor permeability, better dimensional stability, and independently verified physical properties compared to HT-300. The document concludes HT-300 does not fully comply with ASTM standards according to its published data.
Manufacturing of Propylene Oxide. Investment Opportunities in Chemical Industry.
Propylene oxide is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3CHCH2O. This colorless volatile liquid with an odor resembling ether, is produced on a large scale industrially. Its major application is its use for the production of polyether polyols for use in making polyurethane plastics.
Propylene oxide liquid and vapor are extremely flammable. Vapors may travel long distances and are heavier than air. Vapor may cause flash fire or explosion. Aqueous mixtures with propylene oxide concentrations as low as 0.75% may be flammable.
See More
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/chemicals-organic-inorganic-industrial-projects/z,,2e,26c,a/index.html?_sort_by=default
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4506/manufacturing-propylene-oxide-investment-opportunities-in-chemical-industry.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This document provides an overview of the lifecycle of Styrofoam, from its production using chemicals like benzene and styrene, to its various uses in packaging, building insulation, and crafts. It discusses the potential health impacts on factory workers from chemical exposure and notes that styrene has been found in human fatty tissues and breast milk. The document also examines the environmental impacts of Styrofoam waste in landfills and the transportation required for its widespread distribution. Alternatives to Styrofoam are mentioned as well.
The document discusses trends in the increasing use of biocomposites and natural fibers in automotive applications. It notes that crude oil prices are expected to rise significantly in the coming decades, increasing the motivation for alternative materials. Automakers have begun incorporating bioplastics, natural fibers, and biocomposites into various interior and exterior car parts to reduce weight and emissions. Examples include Mercedes-Benz using coconut fiber and natural rubber in headrests from 1991 onward. Many automakers now use natural fibers and bioplastics in seats, door panels, and other components. Research is also exploring nano-cellulose fibers as potentially stronger and more sustainable reinforcements for biocomposites.
Customer Bulletin 0410 A Comparison of ISO-C1 and HT-300Dyplast Products
This Customer Bulletin is part of a series of white papers aimed at providing our clients, engineers, contractors, fabricators, and friends with objective information on competitive products. Marketing literature on the internet and in printed media address the physical and performance characteristics of competing polyisocyanurate rigid foam insulations fabricated from bunstock. As is often the case, some literature can be misleading and/or in some cases there may not be sufficient information to credibly compare products. This Customer Bulletin provides factual, clarifying information which should allow for an objective comparison of Dyplast’s ISO-C1® with HiTherm’s HT-300 (each 2 lb/ft3 density).
IMPORTANCE OF BIO-POLYMERS AND POLYMERS Lini Cleetus
This document discusses polymers and biopolymers. It defines polymers as large molecules composed of repeated subunits and explains that polymerization combines monomers into covalently bonded chains. It outlines various applications of polymers in automotive, medical, and aerospace fields. Both positives like strength and weight and negatives like improper disposal are noted. Solutions proposed include reuse, recycling like Levi's jeans containing recycled PET bottles, plastic roads in India containing waste plastic, and converting plastics to fuels. Biopolymers derived from renewable resources are highlighted as alternatives that are biodegradable, carbon neutral, and help reduce fossil fuel dependence.
ECO-FRIENDLY AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS PROGRESSING CIRCULAR ECONOMYiQHub
Budenheim offers sustainable solutions for the life science and materials science markets, including circular economy solutions. They have expertise in polymer processing and formulation. Their products include masterbatches, flame retardants, and additives that provide benefits such as lightweighting, energy efficiency, and improved performance while reducing CO2 emissions. Their foaming agents can reduce part weight by over 10% through cellular structure formation. They also offer color masterbatches that maximize recyclate usage and enable detection and sorting of colored plastics for recycling.
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This document provides information about PermaTherm architectural insulating panels, including their thermal resistance values (R-values) at different thicknesses. The R-values range from 8.34 for 2-inch panels to 50.04 for 12-inch panels. All values listed assume the panels use Type 1 expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam with a density of 1 pound per cubic foot as the core material. Higher R-values can be achieved using higher density EPS foam cores, which are also available from PermaTherm.
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PermaTherm Green Expanded Polystyrene
1. Expanded Polystyrene
The Best Choice for Environment
Interest in, and indeed mandates for, environmentally responsible
(sustainable) building and packaging products continues to grow. While
many product manufacturers may promote their products as "green”, many
fail to be able to back up their claims. To help clients, shippers,
contractors, architects, and engineers evaluate the environmental impact
of products they acquire or install, the American Society for Testing
Materials developed the "Standard Practice for Data Collection for
Sustainability Assessment of Building Products" (ASTM E2129). This
document provides a set of instructions for collecting data to be used in
assessing the sustainability of building products, and whether or not
products meet the guidelines of programs such as the United States Green
Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design system
(LEED) consistency with BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic
Sustainability).
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) rigid insulation manufactured by PermaTherm
has always been a “green” product. The highest environmental attribute is
the ability to insulate, and thus reduce energy loss. Additionally, EPS has
never contained any ozone depleting chemicals and is 100% recyclable and
environmentally safe.
The following discussion addresses the criteria set forth in ASTM E2129-05:
1.0 Criterion No. 1 - Materials
1.1. Environmental impacts in obtaining raw material for this product
PermaTherm has chosen to manufacture EPS with Modified Expanded Polystyrene
Beads because of their fire performance, structural performance, and environmental
advantages. UL ratings on this product, as well as the sustainability commitments of our
suppliers, are available upon request. Modified polystyrene beads contain no
formaldehydes or toxic chemicals, and use fewer resources to manufacture than raw
Page 1 of 9
2. materials for other insulation products. No CFC’s or HCFC’s are used in the manufacture
of polystyrene beads or expanded polystyrene.
PermaTherm also purchases raw materials from local suppliers whenever possible, thus
minimizing transportation and contributing to the local environment.
1.2. Volatile organic compounds (VOC's)
The EPA has not found it necessary or appropriate to regulate the VOC content in EPS
resin at this time, and PermaTherm’s emission of VOC’s so small that it is not regulated.
Yet in a framework of full disclosure, PermaTherm uses EPS beads as a raw material,
and EPS beads typically contain 5%-7% pentane by weight1, which is defined as a VOC
by the EPA. EPA document 540/3-90-020 states that 85% of the pentane contained in
the EPS bead is emitted within 48 hours starting with the expansion process (which
occurs within the PermaTherm facility). The remaining pentane is released over time,
but considering PermaTherm’s extended curing process, there is likely negligible
pentane content in the foam when it leaves our facility.
Styrene is also considered a VOC by the EPA. While Certificates of Analysis from
PermaTherm’s bead suppliers typically do not state a styrene monomer content of EPS
bead, several EPS bead suppliers (not necessarily PermaTherm suppliers) have
established that EPS beads typically contain styrene monomer, 900 to 1000 ppm by
weight.
More about Pentane
Pentane is a VOC as defined by EPA since in certain environments it can be tied to the
formation of ozone in the “troposphere” (i.e. the region from ground level to 6-10 miles
above) when VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NOx) meet in the presence of sunlight. Ozone
is a naturally occurring molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms bound together, and
its odor can sometimes be detected during thunderstorms when lightning creates ozone.
Yet all three pentane isomers have zero Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP). They also
1
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13725654: A method for determination of residual styrene monomer and
other volatile organic compounds in expanded polystyrene (EPS) was developed using HS SPME and gas
chromatography with FID. The extraction products were identified by GC/MS. Good reproducibility of the measurements
with RSD values between 3.2-3.6%. The contents of residual styrene monomer in two samples of EPS were 153.2 and
65.7 mg/kg, respectively. Other compounds identified in EPS were pentane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, isomers of
xylene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, o-methylstyrene, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, and acetophenone.
Page 2 of 9
3. have either a zero or very low Global Warming Potential (GWP) potential - - significantly
less the HCFC chemicals still used in “extruded” polystyrene products such as
Styrofoam®2.
To add perspective, VOC emissions from mobile sources (i.e. mainly motor vehicles) are
significantly larger than from EPS manufacture. For example, if VOCs from mobile
sources were lowered by a mere 1%, air quality would be improved substantially more
than with a 100% elimination of all pentane emissions from all EPS processing plants.
Additionally, pentane is a VOC only to the extent it helps create ozone, which only
occurs when significant NOx is present, such as in urban areas with significant
automobile emissions. PermaTherm’s manufacturing facilities are located far from urban
areas, where nitrogen oxides are insignificant; which leads to the conclusion that
PermaTherm EPS does not contribute to problematic ozone even at ground levels.
Styrene Monomer
Styrene is a naturally occurring substance that has been known since the time of the
ancient Greeks. It is found in many foods and beverages, such as milk, beer, coffee,
strawberries, peas, tomatoes, olives, and various nuts. Styrene is, in fact, approved by
the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a flavoring agent. The low
levels of residual styrene found in expanded polystyrene products are environmentally
safe for use in packaging. Independent research shows no adverse health effects in
animas exposed for their lifetimes to styrene at concentrations of up to 250,000 parts per
billion, 10,000 times higher than potential exposure from food service products.
1.3. Does the product meet the requirements of South Coast Air Quality
Management District Regulations for content of VOC's?
This criterion refers to Southern California requirements and is not relevant to
PermaTherm’s manufacturing facilities in Georgia.
1.4. Cancer Causing Chemicals (Carcinogens)
Neither the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), nor the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
define pentane, styrene, or any other chemical within EPS as a carcinogen.
2
Styrofoam is a registered trademark of the Dow Chemical Company
Page 3 of 9
4. Expanded polystyrene is approved by the Federal Food and Drug Administration for use
in food contact packaging. It has been shown in several studies to be more sanitary than
reusable ware. Many health organizations, in fact, encourage use of polystyrene
because it does not support the growth of bacteria, as reusable ware does.
2.0 Criterion No. 2 - Manufacturing
2.1. Non-renewable energy used in manufacturing
The manufacture of EPS requires very little energy, of any kind, compared to alternative
products. The energy used to make one unit of EPS, for example, would only allow the
manufacture of 1/3 to ½ the volume of cardboard material.
The low density EPS also equates to light weight, thus reducing energy costs related to
transportation.
Additionally, the vast majority of PermaTherm deliveries are to jobsites well under 500
miles from the manufacturing facility, thus reducing the environmental impact of
transporting the product across the country.
The annual per capita usage of EPS in Europe is equivalent to just 0.6 liters of crude oil.
This amount of crude oil represents one car journey of just five miles.
2.2. Reclamation
Currently at PermaTherm, approximately 65-70% of the post-industrial waste in the
manufacturing of EPS can be reused in the manufacturing process. EPS can contain up
to 25% recycled material and still meet the physical properties of ASTM C578 for
polystyrene rigid insulation. EPS containing recycled content is often incorrectly
portrayed in the marketplace as a lower quality product, even if meeting ASTM
standards. As this stereotype fades, more EPS can be sold with a higher reprocessed
content and a higher percentage of post-industrial waste can be reused. PermaTherm
continuously searches for new markets for unused waste such as densified foam
products, children's toys, beanbag chairs, or any other application to reduce the waste
taken to landfills. It should also be noted that EPS disposed of in landfills does not leach
toxic chemicals, heavy metals, or create decomposition gases.
2.3. U.S. EPA's Toxics Release Inventory
PermaTherm’s manufacturing process avoids the release of any substances included in
the Toxics Release Inventory.
Page 4 of 9
5. 2.4. Limiting negative environmental impacts relating to the
manufacturing process
Over the past several years, PermaTherm has invested in new, state-of-the-art
equipment and instituted new procedures to produce high quality product reducing
environmental impacts.
2.5. Water used in the manufacturing process
Water is used as a coolant is recovered and reused in the production process. The
manufacture of EPS results in considerably less water pollution than cardboard, for
example: 17 critical water volumes used per cubic metric of cardboard material versus
0.6 for EPS.3 4
2.6. Has the manufacturer undertaken any of the following actions?
1. A production process to minimize greenhouse gas emissions
EPS has never utilized any greenhouse gases in the manufacturing process,
nor does the manufacturing process result in emissions of greenhouse gases.
Combustion equipment is well maintained and efficiently operated in order to
minimize C02 emissions.
2. A production process that minimizes liquid effluents
Cooling water is recycled.
3. A production process to utilize less toxic materials
No toxic materials are used in the production process
4. Safe solvents in a production process
No solvents are used in the production process
5. Stringent dust controls
Advanced dust-collection systems have been installed to remove dust when EPS
3
EPS Molders Association, EPS Building and Construction Recycling Fact Sheet
4
Polystyrene life cycle study conducted by the BASF in 2006/7
Page 5 of 9
6. is ground up to be reused.
6. Smoke-stack particulate collectors or gas scrubbers
PermaTherm uses very clean fuels and highly efficient boilers and exhaust clean-
up equipment. “Smoke stack” emissions are substantially under any state or
federal guidelines.
7. In-plant solid and toxic waste reduction programs
EPS waste created in the production process is collected, reground, and reused
in the manufacturing process.
2.7. OSHA requirements
PermaTherm meets all OSHA regulations and its compliance has been audited by
OSHA.
3.0 Criterion 3 - Operational Performance of Installed
Product
3.1. Compliance with EnergyStar and/or Federal Energy Management
Program
Unfortunately and inexplicably, neither the Environmental Protection Agency (via their
EnergyStar Program) nor DOE's Federal Energy Management Program include
”insulation” as category among the spectrum of products covered, even though
insulation can have more impact on energy savings, air pollution, and dependence on
foreign petroleum products than any other product in their product spectrums. For
example, buildings in the U.S. consume between 66-76% of all electricity in the U.S.,
and if all buildings were insulated to EPA standards, more than half of the coal-fired
power plants in the country could be retired.
Nevertheless, PermaTherm will soon be qualified as an EnergyStar Partner.
3.2. Routine maintenance
When installed properly, PermaTherm EPS insulation should be maintenance free. If
maintenance on the equipment beneath the insulation is required, the EPS insulation
can generally be readily removed and reinstalled. New vapor retarders and jacketing
may be required unless they can removed without damage.
3.3. Product longevity
The performance of PermaTherm EPS products does not deteriorate over the life cycle.
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7. Unlike other rigid foam insulation, the thermal protection of EPS will not decay or drift
overtime. For a sample copy of the warranty, please contact your local PermaTherm
sales representative. EPS discourages the development of mold, and has no nutritive
value so is resistance to rodents and termites. EPS is treated with a fire retardant and
also offers superior noise reduction.
3.4. Guidelines for the proper use
Please consult most current printed literature and application specifications. Please
review all applicable local, state, and federal building codes when installing EPS rigid
insulation.
Expanded polystyrene products are inert and safe in landfills, although they will not
decompose. In fact, nothing readily degrades in landfills — not EPS, nor paper, not food,
or yard waste. Landfills are designed to entomb material and prevent bio-degradation
due to the lack of oxygen required for decomposition. Furthermore, Martin B. Hocking,
Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, reports
in "Science," 2/1/93, that when it does occur, 1,000 lbs. of paper will degrade to 394 lbs.
methane (a greenhouse gas) and 545 lbs. carbon dioxide.
4.0 Criterion No. 4 - Indoor Environmental Quality
4.1. Indoor environmental quality
The biological inertness of expanded polystyrene is especially suited for most
applications, including building insulation. EPS does not off-gas and does not negatively
impact indoor air quality.
5.0 Criterion No. 5 - Corporate Environmental Policy
5.1. Written environmental policy
For a copy PermaTherm's environmental policy, please contact your local PermaTherm
sales representative.
5.2. Reclamation program, recycling or reuse of its product at the end of
its useful life
PermaTherm strives for an integrated, balanced approach involving source reduction,
recycling at the plant level, post-use recycling, re-use/takeback, and effective disposal of
waste.
Source reduction: PermaTherm works with its clients to consider:
Page 7 of 9
8. 1. Designing products and packaging in such a manner that less material is used in
production and/or transportation.
2. Increasing the useful life of products (including making products reusable).
3. Replacement of single-use products that cannot be recycled effectively with
recyclable or compostable alternatives.
Recycling:
Polystyrene is a thermoplastic, which allows it to be repeatedly melted and reformed,
making EPS a highly recyclable product. PermaTherm is committed to recycling, and we
channel 100% of our EPS off-fall or waste from our manufacturing processes to some
form of recycling. It is either processed into other EPS products or densified and sent to
a recycling plant where it is returned to polystyrene resin.
PermaTherm has customer participation programs to retrieve post-consumer product
from our customers for the reuse in new product. While other plastic foam insulations
can only use chemical components with recycled content or use recycled facers to claim
recycled content, EPS can be recycled after its useful life directly back into the
manufacturing process.
5.3. Product packaging
While the packaging with EPS is minimal, PermaTherm continuously searches for ways
to reduce the packaging materials used.
5.4. Return, reuse, recycling, or composting of the product's packaging
Reusing or recycling packaging is a priority. For example, the large canvas totes that
contain the EPS beads purchased by PermaTherm are returned to our supplier for re-
use.
5.5. Documentation and substantiation of claims herein
Please contact your local PermaTherm office for more information, invoices, data
sheets, or other documentation?
5.6. Service life of the product
PermaTherm expects its EPS products to have a nominal service life of 20 years when
properly installed and operate. A qualified engineer should be consulted to confirm
service life in a particular installation.
Page 8 of 9
9. 5.7. Natural disaster mitigation (e.g. performance of the product during a
natural disaster or appropriate response after a natural disaster)
EPS is versatile enough to be used as lightweight fill and ground stabilization, effective
in helping mitigate the impact of earthquakes on surrounding structures.
5.8. Environmental quality of the building product or element
EPS uses pentane which does not deplete the stratospheric ozone or contribute to
global warming. Extruded polystyrene, on the other hand, continues to use HCFC's,
which do negatively impact air quality.
Page 9 of 9