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JulioBonilla30

This document discusses methods for determining the concentration of chlorophyll in plant leaves. It describes how to extract chlorophyll from leaves using organic solvents like methanol or acetone. The concentration of chlorophyll is then determined using spectrophotometry by measuring absorption of light at wavelengths of 430, 645, and 663 nanometers. Calculations are provided to determine chlorophyll concentrations based on absorption measurements and sample properties. Equipment and supplies needed for chlorophyll extraction and analysis are also listed.

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    ELBF_EH@CKWF ELBF_EH@CKWF • • HF@H@CKWFT C_ HF@H@CKWFT C_W@DEBCT ETDCKGCKWCT GC W@DEBCT ETDCKGCKWCT GC HETET GC EMSE L_ÈET P HETET GC EMSE L_ÈET P _@DET CK KSW_@CKWCT (K@W_EWFT, LFTLEWFT, T@B@DEWFT, CWD) GCTGC _@DET CK KSW_@CKWCT (K@W_EWFT, LFTLEWFT, T@B@DEWFT, CWD) GCTGC CB LFKGF HE_@KF NED@E BE TSYC_L@D@C, Y_FGSD@GFT CB LFKGF HE_@KF NED@E BE TSYC_L@D@C, Y_FGSD@GFT Y_@KD@Y Y_@KD@YEBHCKWC YF_ @CKWFT USC EBHCKWC YF_ @CKWFT USC TFYBEK TFO_C BE TSYC_L@D@C, TFYBEK TFO_C BE TSYC_L@D@C, P _CTYFKTEOBCT GC HCJF_E_ P _CTYFKTEOBCT GC HCJF_E_ BE Y_FGSDD@ÔK O@FBÔM@DE. BE Y_FGSDD@ÔK O@FBÔM@DE.
    LEDWF_CT LEDWF_CT • • YBEWELF_HE DFKW@KCKWEB: YBEWELF_HE DFKW@KCKWEB: • • @CKWFT: @CKWFT: • • WCHYC_EWS_E WCHYC_EWS_E • • TEB@K@GEG TEB@K@GEG: :
    Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb hukgf Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb hukgf  be dfrr`cktc gc Deker`es (elfreh`cktf gcb kfrfcstc gc År`de), be dfrr`cktc gc  be dfrr`cktc gc Deker`es (elfreh`cktf gcb kfrfcstc gc År`de), be dfrr`cktc gc Ockmucbe (elfreh`cktf suger`dekf), dfrr`cktc gc Deb`frk`e (elfreh`cktf gc Ockmucbe (elfreh`cktf suger`dekf), dfrr`cktc gc Deb`frk`e (elfreh`cktf gc Deb`frk`e y Frcmôk), be dfrr`cktc gc Nuhofbgt (elfreh`cktf gc Ycrú y Dn`bc) y be Deb`frk`e y Frcmôk), be dfrr`cktc gc Nuhofbgt (elfreh`cktf gc Ycrú y Dn`bc) y be dfrr`cktc sfhebè (elfr dfrr`cktc sfhebè (elfreh`cktf gcb fcstc gc be @kg`e). eh`cktf gcb fcstc gc be @kg`e). W Wfges cstes dfst fges cstes dfstes ckck es ckck esfd`eges `hpfrtektcs pcsqucrèes esfd`eges `hpfrtektcs pcsqucrèes
    Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb Ycrú Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb Ycrú Ye`te (3º B. T.), ck Y`ure1 cktrc Y`hcktcb y Tebevcrry (=º e >º B. T.)1 Ye`te (3º B. T.), ck Y`ure1 cktrc Y`hcktcb y Tebevcrry (=º e >º B. T.)1 cktrc Nuerhcy y Tupc (59º e 55º B. T.)1 rcktc e Y`sdf (54º e 57º B. T.)1 cktrc Nuerhcy y Tupc (59º e 55º B. T.)1 rcktc e Y`sdf (54º e 57º B. T.)1 y cktrc Tek Juek y Hfb`ckgf (53º e 5=º B. T.). y cktrc Tek Juek y Hfb`ckgf (53º e 5=º B. T.).
    Y_FGSDW@@GEG Y_FGSDW@@GEG Hetcr`e frmåk`de eduhubege ck uk gctcrh`kegf t`chpf Hetcr`e frmåk`de eduhubege ck uk gctcrh`kegf t`chpf ck uk årce gctcrh`kege. ck uk årce gctcrh`kege.
    Y_FGSDW@@GEG Y_@HE_@E Y_FGSDW@@GEG Y_@HE_@E • • HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE Y_FGSD@GE YF_ BET YBEKWET C_GCT, DFK HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE Y_FGSD@GE YF_ BET YBEKWET C_GCT, DFK DEY DEYED@GEG GC L ED@GEG GC LFWFTÈKWCT@T S FWFTÈKWCT@T S F_MEK@THFT ESWÔW_FLFT. F_MEK@THFT ESWÔW_FLFT. • • TC C^Y_CT TC C^Y_CTE CK WÀ_H@KFT GC E CK WÀ_H@KFT GC CKC_MÈE CKC_MÈEEDSHSBEGE EDSHSBEGE (DEBF_ÈET/HB/GÈE F CK DEBF_ÈET/HB/NF_E) (DEBF_ÈET/HB/GÈE F CK DEBF_ÈET/HB/NF_E) • • WÀ_H@KFT GC BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE T@KWCW@ZEGE (M_EHFT/H?/GÈE WÀ_H@KFT GC BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE T@KWCW@ZEGE (M_EHFT/H?/GÈE F AM/NCDWÅ_CE/EÕF) F AM/NCDWÅ_CE/EÕF)
    GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET (HÀWFGF TW_@DABEK P YE_TFK) (HÀWFGF TW_@DABEK P YE_TFK) • L@BW_E_ BE HSCTW_E P EG@D@FKE_ SKET YFDET MFWET GC TSTYCKT@ÔK GC DE_OFKEWF GC • L@BW_E_ BE HSCTW_E P EG@D@FKE_ SKET YFDET MFWET GC TSTYCKT@ÔK GC DE_OFKEWF GC HEMKCT@F YE_E C@WE_ BE ED@G@L@DED@ÔK GCB L@BW_F HEMKCT@F YE_E C@WE_ BE ED@G@L@DED@ÔK GCB L@BW_F • EBHEDCKE_ CK _CL_@MC_EGF_ E —?9¹D W_EWEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E • EBHEDCKE_ CK _CL_@MC_EGF_ E —?9¹D W_EWEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E • DFBFDE_ CB L@BW_F CK SK @EB, DSO_@_BF DFK ? - 4 HB GC TFBSD@ÔK EDSFTE GC • DFBFDE_ CB L@BW_F CK SK @EB, DSO_@_BF DFK ? - 4 HB GC TFBSD@ÔK EDSFTE GC EDCWFKE EB 09% P HEDC_E_ DFK CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ EDCWFKE EB 09% P HEDC_E_ DFK CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ • CKJSEME_ CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ P EJSTWE_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB E SK K@CB DFKTWEKWC, 3 - • CKJSEME_ CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ P EJSTWE_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB E SK K@CB DFKTWEKWC, 3 - 59 HB. HEKWCKC_ BET HSCTW_ET WFGE BE KFDNC CK BE FTDS_@GEG 59 HB. HEKWCKC_ BET HSCTW_ET WFGE BE KFDNC CK BE FTDS_@GEG • DBE_@L@DE_ CB C^W_EDWF DCKW_@LSMEKGF BFT WSOFT WEYEGFT YF_ 59 H@KSWFT E 5999 • DBE_@L@DE_ CB C^W_EDWF DCKW_@LSMEKGF BFT WSOFT WEYEGFT YF_ 59 H@KSWFT E 5999 _YH. GCDEKWE_ CB C^W_EDWF DBE_@L@DEGF E SK WSOF GC DCKW_ÈLSME B@HY@F GC 53 HB P _YH. GCDEKWE_ CB C^W_EDWF DBE_@L@DEGF E SK WSOF GC DCKW_ÈLSME B@HY@F GC 53 HB P HCG@_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB GCB C^W_EDWF HCG@_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB GCB C^W_EDWF • W_EKTLC_@_ CB C^W_EDWF E SKE DCBGE GC 5 DH P HCG@_ BE GCKT@GEG ÔYW@DE (GF) E =39, • W_EKTLC_@_ CB C^W_EDWF E SKE DCBGE GC 5 DH P HCG@_ BE GCKT@GEG ÔYW@DE (GF) E =39, <<4, <73 P <49 KH. TCBCDD@FKE_ SKE G@BSD@ÔK USC GÀ E <<4 KH SKE GF HEPF_ USC 9.? P <<4, <73 P <49 KH. TCBCDD@FKE_ SKE G@BSD@ÔK USC GÀ E <<4 KH SKE GF HEPF_ USC 9.? P HCKF_ USC 5.9. BET BCDWS_ET E <<4, <73 P <49 KH WEHO@ÀK T@_CK YE_E BE HCKF_ USC 5.9. BET BCDWS_ET E <<4, <73 P <49 KH WEHO@ÀK T@_CK YE_E BE GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET O P D. BE BCDWS_E E =39 KH T@_C DFHF SKE DF__CDD@ÔK GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET O P D. BE BCDWS_E E =39 KH T@_C DFHF SKE DF__CDD@ÔK YE_E WS_O@GCZ. TSTW_EC_ CTWE BCDWS_E GC DEGE SKF GC BFT EBF_CT GC GCKT@GEG YE_E WS_O@GCZ. TSTW_EC_ CTWE BCDWS_E GC DEGE SKF GC BFT EBF_CT GC GCKT@GEG ÔYW@DE GC BET FW_ET BFKM@WSGCT GC ÔYW@DE GC BET FW_ET BFKM@WSGCT GC FKGE FKGEEKWCT GC STE_BFT CK EKWCT GC STE_BFT CK BET CDSED@FKCT GC BET CDSED@FKCT GC
DÅBDSBF DÅBDSBF     • • DEBDSBFT: DEBDSBFT: DEBDSBE_ BE DEKW@GEG GC DBF_FL@BE E CK DEGE DEBDSBE_ BE DEKW@GEG GC DBF_FL@BE E CK DEGE C^W_EDWF SW@B@ZEKGF BFT EBF_CT GC FG C^W_EDWF SW@B@ZEKGF BFT EBF_CT GC FG DF__CM@GFT CK BE T@MS@CKWC CDSED@ÔK: DF__CM@GFT CK BE T@MS@CKWC CDSED@ÔK: DBF_FL@BE E 8 DBE 8 55.<7(GF<<4) - ?.5<(GF<73) + DBF_FL@BE E 8 DBE 8 55.<7(GF<<4) - ?.5<(GF<73) + 9.59(GF<49) 9.59(GF<49) BE DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBE CK CB EMSE GC HE_ TC BE DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBE CK CB EMSE GC HE_ TC GCWC_H@KE YF_ HCG@F GC BE T@MS@CKWC LÔ_HSBE: GCWC_H@KE YF_ HCG@F GC BE T@MS@CKWC LÔ_HSBE: QDBEX, HM/H4 8 QDBE ^ FBSHCK GCB C^W_EDWF (HB)X / FBSHCK GC HSCTW_E QDBEX, HM/H4 8 QDBE ^ FBSHCK GCB C^W_EDWF (HB)X / FBSHCK GC HSCTW_E (B) (B)
    L@WFYBEKDWFK L@WFYBEKDWFK Dfkjuktf gc Dfkjuktf gc frmek`shfs: frmek`shfs: -h`drfsdôp`dfs -h`drfsdôp`dfs -rceb`zek lftfsèktcs`s -rceb`zek lftfsèktcs`s -heyfrhcktc gc -heyfrhcktc gc zfkes pcbåm`des zfkes pcbåm`des (emues fdcåk`des y (emues fdcåk`des y dfkt`kcktebcs dfkt`kcktebcs -pfde/kube -pfde/kube deped`geg gc deped`geg gc hfv`h`cktf hfv`h`cktf
    HCWFGFT HCWFGFT P P
HSCTW_CF HSCTW_CF     HCWFGFBFM@E HCWFGFBFM@E GC DFBCDWE GC DFBCDWE   (H@KEH)   (H@KEH)
     YC_TFKEBCT: YC_TFKEBCT: - Oftes - Oftes - - Muektcs gc betcx Muektcs gc betcx - - Dnebcdfs sebvev`ges Dnebcdfs sebvev`ges CUS@YFT P HEWC_@EBCT CUS@YFT P HEWC_@EBCT
     YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E: YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E: - -MYT MYT L`dne gc dehpf L`dne gc dehpf Bep`dcs y herdegfrcs Bep`dcs y herdegfrcs Ct`quctes gc pepcb rcs`stcktc eb emue Ct`quctes gc pepcb rcs`stcktc eb emue Lresdfs gc 39, 599 y ?99 hb Lresdfs gc 39, 599 y ?99 hb Oftcbbes gc v`gr`f (ehoer) Oftcbbes gc v`gr`f (ehoer) `ebcs gc v`gr`f f pbåst`df dfk tepe ncrhàt`de `ebcs gc v`gr`f f pbåst`df dfk tepe ncrhàt`de
(l`tfpbekdtfk gc rcg) (l`tfpbekdtfk gc rcg)     Oftcbbes gc ? b`trfs gc deped`geg (hucstres gc Oftcbbes gc ? b`trfs gc deped`geg (hucstres gc emue pere ekåb`s`s quèh`df). emue pere ekåb`s`s quèh`df). Oftcbbe n`grfmrål`de (ek Gfrk, pere hucstres Oftcbbe n`grfmrål`de (ek Gfrk, pere hucstres vcrt`debcs, dbfrfl`be ‒e‘). vcrt`debcs, dbfrfl`be ‒e‘). - Oebgcs gc 3 b`trfs gc deped`geg - Oebgcs gc 3 b`trfs gc deped`geg - _cg gc pbekdtfk (kyteb gc 5 - _cg gc pbekdtfk (kyteb gc 59 β, ?9 β, 43 β, 9 β, ?9 β, 43 β, gc eocrture gc pfrf) gc eocrture gc pfrf) G`sdf gc Tcddn` G`sdf gc Tcddn` Cqu`pf hubt`peråhctrf pfrtåt`b. Cqu`pf hubt`peråhctrf pfrtåt`b.
     _CEDW@FT YE_E BE L@JED@FK GC HSCTW_E _CEDW@FT YE_E BE L@JED@FK GC HSCTW_E - - Tfbud`ôk Tfbud`ôk gc gc frhfb eb frhfb eb 7-3 %. 7-3 %. Bumfb Bumfb H4: hczdbe H4: hczdbe gc frhfb, gc frhfb, yfgurf gc yfgurf gc pftes`f y pftes`f y åd`gf edàdf åd`gf edàdf mbed`eb. mbed`eb.
    WCDK@DET WCDK@DET GC GC DFBCDWE DFBCDWE
    BE L@DNE GC DEHYF @KDBS@_: BE L@DNE GC DEHYF @KDBS@_: Bfdeb`zed`ôk gcb årce gc hucstrcf jekgf bes dffrgckeges (MYT). Bfdeb`zed`ôk gcb årce gc hucstrcf jekgf bes dffrgckeges (MYT). Gcsdr`pd`ôk gc be hfrfbfmèe y hfrfhctrèe gcb bemf. Gcsdr`pd`ôk gc be hfrfbfmèe y hfrfhctrèe gcb bemf. Foscrved`ôk y gcsdr`pd`ôk gc bes cktreges y seb`ges gc emue, vcrgfs Foscrved`ôk y gcsdr`pd`ôk gc bes cktreges y seb`ges gc emue, vcrgfs puktuebcs, cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche y dfocrture vcmcteb (hedrftfs). puktuebcs, cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche y dfocrture vcmcteb (hedrftfs). L`jed`ôk gc csted`fkcs gc hucstrcf, duyf kúhcrf gcpckgcrå gcb L`jed`ôk gc csted`fkcs gc hucstrcf, duyf kúhcrf gcpckgcrå gcb prfpôs`tf gcb cstug`f. prfpôs`tf gcb cstug`f. Hcg`r ebmukfs peråhctrfs s`dfquèh`dfs (treksperckd`e, Hcg`r ebmukfs peråhctrfs s`dfquèh`dfs (treksperckd`e, tchpcreture, dfkgudv`geg cbàdtr`de y pN). tchpcreture, dfkgudv`geg cbàdtr`de y pN).
    DFBCDWE DFBCDWE GC GC HSCTW_ET HSCTW_ET DSEKW@WEW@ET DSEKW@WEW@ET
    Hucstres dfkdcktreges Hucstres dfkdcktreges Be dekgeg gc emue btrege gcpckgcrå gcb cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche: Fb`mftrôdf Be dekgeg gc emue btrege gcpckgcrå gcb cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche: Fb`mftrôdf Hucstres cstredeges e g`crcktcs prfukg`gegcs Hucstres cstredeges e g`crcktcs prfukg`gegcs     Tc chpbcerå uke oftcbbe n`grfmråde (ek Gfrk) gc vfbuhck dfkfd`gf. Yucgck Tc chpbcerå uke oftcbbe n`grfmråde (ek Gfrk) gc vfbuhck dfkfd`gf. Yucgck `ktcmrersc ver`es hucstres, s`chprc y duekgf tckmek cb h`shf vfbuhck. `ktcmrersc ver`es hucstres, s`chprc y duekgf tckmek cb h`shf vfbuhck. Hucstres gc supcrd`c Hucstres gc supcrd`c     Tcråk tfheges g`rcdtehcktc dfk uke oftcbbe gc 539 hb gc deped`geg, gc prccrckd`e Tcråk tfheges g`rcdtehcktc dfk uke oftcbbe gc 539 hb gc deped`geg, gc prccrckd`e dfbfr åhoer, e ?9-49 dh gc prfukg`geg. Bbcker cb resdf neste cb 09% gc su deped`geg. dfbfr åhoer, e ?9-49 dh gc prfukg`geg. Bbcker cb resdf neste cb 09% gc su deped`geg.
(49 - 79 b`trfs) y hcsf e cutrôdf (59 - ?9 b`trfs) (49 - 79 b`trfs) y hcsf e cutrôdf (59 - ?9 b`trfs)      DFBCDWE  DFBCDWE GC H GC HSCT SCTW_ET W_ET DSEB@WEW@ET DSEB@WEW@ET YE_E CTWSG@FT YE_E CTWSG@FT
WE^FKÔH@DFT WE^FKÔH@DFT     Bfs hàtfgfs scråk: Bfs hàtfgfs scråk: Yfr errestrc nfr`zfkteb y Yfr errestrc nfr`zfkteb y vcrdeb, dfk cb chpbcf vcrdeb, dfk cb chpbcf gc uke rcg gc pbekdtfk y gc uke rcg gc pbekdtfk y gcsgc uke c gcsgc uke choerded`ôk, hoerded`ôk, neste dfkscmu`r uk neste dfkscmu`r uk btregf v`s`obc. btregf v`s`obc. L`btrekgf vfbúhckcs L`btrekgf vfbúhckcs dfkfd`gfs gc emue e dfkfd`gfs gc emue e trevàs gc be rcg gc trevàs gc be rcg gc pbekdtfk. pbekdtfk.
    - -     Cqu`pfs chpbcegfs: Cqu`pfs chpbcegfs: • • Bemfs fb`mftrôldfs Bemfs fb`mftrôldfs, dfhf cs cb desf gc , dfhf cs cb desf gc hudnes bemukes ebtf ekg`kes, sc hudnes bemukes ebtf ekg`kes, sc gcoc chpbcer gcoc chpbcer rcgcs gc 59 y 53 βh gc eocrture gc hebbe. rcgcs gc 59 y 53 βh gc eocrture gc hebbe. • • Bemfs hcsfcutrôldfs Bemfs hcsfcutrôldfs, dfhf cs cb desf gc , dfhf cs cb desf gc bemukes ‒dfdnes‘ ehezôk`des y ofcgebcs ebtf bemukes ‒dfdnes‘ ehezôk`des y ofcgebcs ebtf ekg`kfs, sc chpbceråk rcgcs gc ?9 βh - ekg`kfs, sc chpbceråk rcgcs gc ?9 βh - 43 43 βh gc eocrture gc hebbe βh gc eocrture gc hebbe
    Kúhcrf gc hu Kúhcrf gc hucstr cstres: es: • • Be dfbcdte gc hucstres tektf dueb`teves Be dfbcdte gc hucstres tektf dueb`teves dfhf duekteves gcocrå tckcr rcpb`des. dfhf duekteves gcocrå tckcr rcpb`des. Duektf heyfr sce cb kúhcrf gc hucstres Duektf heyfr sce cb kúhcrf gc hucstres pfr csted`ôk, scrå hcjfr (cktrc 4 e <). pfr csted`ôk, scrå hcjfr (cktrc 4 e <). • • Be keb`geg gc tckcr ver`es hucstres pfr Be keb`geg gc tckcr ver`es hucstres pfr puktf gc hucstrcf cs be gc escmurer be puktf gc hucstrcf cs be gc escmurer be dfrrcdte `gckded`ôk dfrrcdte `gckded`ôk
    - - Ycr`fgfs gc hucstrcf: Ycr`fgfs gc hucstrcf: Cstug`fs texfkôh`d Cstug`fs texfkôh`dfs y bèkces oes fs y bèkces oesc: c: sc sc rcdfh`ckge dfbcdter gfs vcdcs pfr eõf, rcdfh`ckge dfbcdter gfs vcdcs pfr eõf, df`kd`gcktc df`kd`gcktcs dfk bes s dfk bes àpfdes bbuv`fse y scde. àpfdes bbuv`fse y scde. Cstug`fs gc prfgudv`geg pr`her`e Cstug`fs gc prfgudv`geg pr`her`e: : gfs vcdcs pfr eõf. gfs vcdcs pfr eõf. Yere hfk`tfrcfs Yere hfk`tfrcfs: be rcduckd`e pucgc ver`er gcsgc : be rcduckd`e pucgc ver`er gcsgc hucstrcfs hcksuebcs (ck cb desf gc quc sc neme uk hucstrcfs hcksuebcs (ck cb desf gc quc sc neme uk scmu`h`cktf gc vcrgfs eb cdfs`stche), scmu`h`cktf gc vcrgfs eb cdfs`stche),
tr`hcstrebcs, gfs vcdcs eb eõf y ekuebcs. tr`hcstrebcs, gfs vcdcs eb eõf y ekuebcs.     Y_CTC_ED@ÔK Y_CTC_ED@ÔK P P CW@USCWEGF CW@USCWEGF
    Hucstres rcsdes f Hucstres rcsdes f hektck`ges ck v`vf hektck`ges ck v`vf Tfk gc mrek ub`geg pere be Tfk gc mrek ub`geg pere be foscrved`ôk c `gckded`ôk foscrved`ôk c `gckded`ôk gc gc tflemcbegf tflemcbegfs. s. Bes hucstres dfbcdteges Bes hucstres dfbcdteges gcocråk scr hektck`ges ck gcocråk scr hektck`ges ck rcr`mcred`ôk e 7 ¹D, ck rcr`mcred`ôk e 7 ¹D, ck bumercs s`k buz y ck resdfs bumercs s`k buz y ck resdfs dfbfr åhoer. Dfkscrverbes dfbfr åhoer. Dfkscrverbes sfbf pfr csped`f gc 5? sfbf pfr csped`f gc 5? nfres. nfres.
    Hucstres prcscrveges Hucstres prcscrveges Bfs prcscrvektcs hås Bfs prcscrvektcs hås usegfs sfk sfbud`ôk gc usegfs sfk sfbud`ôk gc frhfb eb 7-3%, esè dfhf frhfb eb 7-3%, esè dfhf be sfbud`ôk gc Bumfb eb be sfbud`ôk gc Bumfb eb 5% (9,3 hb/599 hb gc 5% (9,3 hb/599 hb gc hucstre). hucstre). Ske vcz dfbcdtege be Ske vcz dfbcdtege be hucstre, cste sc v`crtc e hucstre, cste sc v`crtc e uk resdf pfr bf mckcreb uk resdf pfr bf mckcreb gc ?99 hb, cb dueb gcocrå gc ?99 hb, cb dueb gcocrå scr bbckegf dfk be scr bbckegf dfk be hucstre neste bes pertcs. hucstre neste bes pertcs. Yfstcr`frhcktc, eõeg`r Yfstcr`frhcktc, eõeg`r cb prcscrvektc neste cb prcscrvektc neste dfhpbcter cb vfbuhck dfhpbcter cb vfbuhck tfteb, em`ter be hucstre y tfteb, em`ter be hucstre y nfhfmckc`zer, pere esè nfhfmckc`zer, pere esè cv`ter cb ckqu`steh`cktf cv`ter cb ckqu`steh`cktf Tc rcdfh`ckge quc bes Tc rcdfh`ckge quc bes hucstres jeges sc hucstres jeges sc muergck ck bumercs muergck ck bumercs rcsdfs y prftcm`gfs gc rcsdfs y prftcm`gfs gc be buz. be buz.
gc ebmukfs frmek`shfs. gc ebmukfs frmek`shfs.     CW@USCWEGF CW@USCWEGF Wfges bes hucstres gcocråk scr cqucteges pere Wfges bes hucstres gcocråk scr cqucteges pere ed`b`ter su `gckded`ôk. ed`b`ter su `gckded`ôk. Cb pepcb gc bes cquctes gcocrå scr cspcd`eb (rcs`stcktc eb emue), Cb pepcb gc bes cquctes gcocrå scr cspcd`eb (rcs`stcktc eb emue), ye quc sc dfbfderåk gcktrf gcb resdf quc dfkckc be hucstre. ye quc sc dfbfderåk gcktrf gcb resdf quc dfkckc be hucstre. Sser båp`z pere ekfter dfk bctre bcm`obc (`hprckte) bfs getfs f Sser båp`z pere ekfter dfk bctre bcm`obc (`hprckte) bfs getfs f dôg`mf gc: prfdcgckd`e, dfbcdtfr, cdne y nfre gc dfbcdte, pf gc dôg`mf gc: prfdcgckd`e, dfbcdtfr, cdne y nfre gc dfbcdte, pf gc hucstre (dueb`teve-duekteve) y hàtfgf gc dfbcdte (g`rcdte, hucstre (dueb`teve-duekteve) y hàtfgf gc dfbcdte (g`rcdte,
errestrc, btrege). errestrc, btrege).     Cstfs h`shfs getfs scråk ekftegfs ck be Cstfs h`shfs getfs scråk ekftegfs ck be b`orcte gc b`orcte gc dehpf. dehpf. Cb dôg`mf gc hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc ck be oesc gc Cb dôg`mf gc hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc ck be oesc gc getfs gc educrgf eb pf gc cstug`f. getfs gc educrgf eb pf gc cstug`f. Yrfdcgcr eb d`crrc ncrhàdf y prftcdd`ôk egcduege Yrfdcgcr eb d`crrc ncrhàdf y prftcdd`ôk egcduege (scbber dfk d`kte egncs`ve) gc dege uke gc bes (scbber dfk d`kte egncs`ve) gc dege uke gc bes
hucstres pere su trekspfrtc. hucstres pere su trekspfrtc.     @GCKW@L@DED@FK @GCKW@L@DED@FK P P EKEB@T@T EKEB@T@T GC BET GC BET
HSCTW_ET HSCTW_ET     • • CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC BEOF_EWF_@F BEOF_EWF_@F @GCKW@L@DED@FK @GCKW@L@DED@FK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK
     H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf cqu`pegf dfk fdubercs gc 59 f 5?.3, y fojcvfs gc 59x, H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf cqu`pegf dfk fdubercs gc 59 f 5?.3, y fojcvfs gc 59x, 79x y 599x. 79x y 599x.  Dåhere g`m`teb edfpbege eb Dåhere g`m`teb edfpbege eb h`drfsdfp`f. h`drfsdfp`f.  Båh`kes y beh`k`bbes gc ?? x 79 f ?? x ??. Båh`kes y beh`k`bbes gc ?? x 79 f ?? x ??.  Dåhere gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr. Dåhere gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr.  Båh`ke f pbede gc Yebhcr. Båh`ke f pbede gc Yebhcr.  Mftcrfs. Mftcrfs.
 Y`pctes. Y`pctes.      Dfbfrektcs (Bumfb, ezub gc hcbckf, kte dn`ke). Dfbfrektcs (Bumfb, ezub gc hcbckf, kte dn`ke).  Lfrhuber`fs pere ekfter Lfrhuber`fs pere ekfter be b`ste gc be b`ste gc tex texfkcs. fkcs.  Muèes y dbevcs gc `gckded`ôk. Muèes y dbevcs gc `gckded`ôk.  Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg dfhf dfhf dfbcdd`ôk gc rccrckd`e. dfbcdd`ôk gc rccrckd`e.  Ck desf sce kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfktejcs pcrhekcktcs f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Ck desf sce kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfktejcs pcrhekcktcs f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc gcserrfbbf. Tc Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc gcserrfbbf. Tc rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs g`spfk`obc ck be b`tcreture. g`spfk`obc ck be b`tcreture.
     Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg dfhf dfbcdd`ôk dfhf dfbcdd`ôk gc rccrckd`e. gc rccrckd`e.  Ck desf sce Ck desf sce kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfkt kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfktejcs pcrhekcktcs ejcs pcrhekcktcs f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc gcserrfbbf. Tc rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes gcserrfbbf. Tc rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs g`spfk`obc ck cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs g`spfk`obc ck be b`tcreture. be b`tcreture.
    WCDK@DET GC EKEB@T@T WCDK@DET GC EKEB@T@T GC GC L@WFYBEKDW L@WFYBEKDWFK FK Dueb`tev Dueb`tev f f Dfks`stc ck rceb`zer uke `gckded`ôk gc bfs texe Dfks`stc ck rceb`zer uke `gckded`ôk gc bfs texe prcscktcs ck be hucstre, s`k `hpfrter su dekgeg. Tc prcscktcs ck be hucstre, s`k `hpfrter su dekgeg. Tc pucgck nedcr foscrved`fkcs eb h`drfsdfp`f dfk beh`ke- pucgck nedcr foscrved`fkcs eb h`drfsdfp`f dfk beh`ke- beh`k`bbe y rceb`zer treteh`cktfs cspcdèdfs pere dege beh`k`bbe y rceb`zer treteh`cktfs cspcdèdfs pere dege mrupf. mrupf. Tc rcdfh`ckge nedcr rcv`s`fkcs dfhpbctes gc dege Tc rcdfh`ckge nedcr rcv`s`fkcs dfhpbctes gc dege beh`ke dfk uk hèk`hf gc 4 e 3 rcpcd`fkcs pfr hucstre beh`ke dfk uk hèk`hf gc 4 e 3 rcpcd`fkcs pfr hucstre (cb kúhcrf gc rcpcd`fkcs gcpckgcrå gc be gcks`geg gc (cb kúhcrf gc rcpcd`fkcs gcpckgcrå gc be gcks`geg gc be be hucstr hucstre). e).
    Duektevf Duektevf Be duekded`ôk gcb tfpbekdtfk cs rceb`zege cstegèsdehcktc, ye quc kf cs Be duekded`ôk gcb tfpbekdtfk cs rceb`zege cstegèsdehcktc, ye quc kf cs pfs`obc dfkter tfgfs bfs `kg`v`gufs quc sc ckducktrek ck be hucstre. pfs`obc dfkter tfgfs bfs `kg`v`gufs quc sc ckducktrek ck be hucstre. Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk gc be hucstre ektcs gc `k`d`er cb Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk gc be hucstre ektcs gc `k`d`er cb rcducktf, dfk be keb`geg gc dfkcdd`fker uke b`ste gc bfs texe prcscktcs ck be rcducktf, dfk be keb`geg gc dfkcdd`fker uke b`ste gc bfs texe prcscktcs ck be hucstre y tckcr uke `gce mckcreb gc be gcks`geg gc frmek`shfs. hucstre y tckcr uke `gce mckcreb gc be gcks`geg gc frmek`shfs. Cx`stck ver`fs hàtfgfs, ukf gc cbbfs cs cb gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr. Yere cbbf, sc Cx`stck ver`fs hàtfgfs, ukf gc cbbfs cs cb gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr. Yere cbbf, sc chpbce be pbede f dåhere gcb h`shf kfhorc, duyes g`hcks`fkcs sfk gc 3 dh chpbce be pbede f dåhere gcb h`shf kfhorc, duyes g`hcks`fkcs sfk gc 3 dh gc bermf pfr ? dh gc ekdnf y 5 hh gc ebture, dfk deped`geg pere 5 hb gc gc bermf pfr ? dh gc ekdnf y 5 hh gc ebture, dfk deped`geg pere 5 hb gc hucstre. Cb rcducktf gc frmek`shfs pucgc nedcrsc pfr dehpfs f pfr rekjes. Tc hucstre. Cb rcducktf gc frmek`shfs pucgc nedcrsc pfr dehpfs f pfr rekjes. Tc sum`crc eoerder cb heyfr kúhcrf gc dehpfs f rekjes pere quc bfs rcsubtegfs sum`crc eoerder cb heyfr kúhcrf gc dehpfs f rekjes pere quc bfs rcsubtegfs scek dfkeobcs. Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ck kúhcrf gc `kg`v`gufs/hb. (EYNE- scek dfkeobcs. Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ck kúhcrf gc `kg`v`gufs/hb. (EYNE-
E]] E]]E]CL1 Orekdf, E]CL1 Orekdf, 50=>). 50=>).     Ftrfs Ftrfs hàtfgfs hàtfgfs veb`gfs veb`gfs gc gc dfktcf dfktcf gc ebmes: gc ebmes: Hàtfgf gc Yebhcr, chpbcekgf be båh`ke f pbede gc Hàtfgf gc Yebhcr, chpbcekgf be båh`ke f pbede gc Yebhcr Yebhcr, dfk deped`geg , dfk deped`geg pere 9,5 hb pere 9,5 hb gc hucstre (Orekdf, gc hucstre (Orekdf, 50=>). Cb dfktcf sc 50=>). Cb dfktcf sc rceb`ze chpbcekgf fojcvfs gc 79x. rceb`ze chpbcekgf fojcvfs gc 79x. Hàtfgf gc Bedacy (dfktcf cktrc beh`ke y beh`k`b Hàtfgf gc Bedacy (dfktcf cktrc beh`ke y beh`k`bbe), be deped`geg cs gc be), be deped`geg cs gc 5/?9 hb gc hucstre (eprfx`hegehcktc 5 mfte gc hucstre). Cstc hàtfgf 5/?9 hb gc hucstre (eprfx`hegehcktc 5 mfte gc hucstre). Cstc hàtfgf eyuge e dfkter kekfpbekdtfk (ebmes huy pcqucões) chpbcekgf eyuge e dfkter kekfpbekdtfk (ebmes huy pcqucões) chpbcekgf edc`tc gc edc`tc gc `khcrs`ôk pere su v`sueb`zed`ôk (599x) (Orekdf, 50=>). `khcrs`ôk pere su v`sueb`zed`ôk (599x) (Orekdf, 50=>).
    Tch`duektevf Tch`duektevf ◆ ◆ Tc epb`de duekgf kf sc kc Tc epb`de duekgf kf sc kcdcs`te dfkfdcr cb kúhcrf cxedtf gc frmek`shfs. Tc dcs`te dfkfdcr cb kúhcrf cxedtf gc frmek`shfs. Tc rceb`ze uke `gckded`ôk gc be cspcd`c y sc pucgc ub`zer csdebes gc eoukgekd`e rceb`ze uke `gckded`ôk gc be cspcd`c y sc pucgc ub`zer csdebes gc eoukgekd`e rcbeve ck pfrdcktejc, rcduckd`e rcbeve (huy eoukgektc-eoukgektc, rcbeve ck pfrdcktejc, rcduckd`e rcbeve (huy eoukgektc-eoukgektc, rcducktc, csdesf) f pfrdcktueb, ck oesc e uk dfktcf ebcetfr`f f e uk cshegf rcducktc, csdesf) f pfrdcktueb, ck oesc e uk dfktcf ebcetfr`f f e uk cshegf ck cb dehpf v`sueb gc pfr bf hckfs 4 e 3 båh`kes. ck cb dehpf v`sueb gc pfr bf hckfs 4 e 3 båh`kes.
    Hàtfgf pere ekåb`s`s gc Hàtfgf pere ekåb`s`s gc p`mhcktfs (dbfrfbe ‒e‘) p`mhcktfs (dbfrfbe ‒e‘) Be dfkdcktred`ôk gc dbfrfbe ‒e‘ cs uke hcg`ge `kg`rcdte gc be o`fhese gcb Be dfkdcktred`ôk gc dbfrfbe ‒e‘ cs uke hcg`ge `kg`rcdte gc be o`fhese gcb tfpbekdtfk úb pere gctcrh`ker be prfgudv`geg pr`her`e gc uk gctcrh`kegf tfpbekdtfk úb pere gctcrh`ker be prfgudv`geg pr`her`e gc uk gctcrh`kegf cdfs`stche. Cb prfdcg`h`cktf pere su ekåb`s`s `kdbuyc be dfkdcktred`ôk gc cdfs`stche. Cb prfdcg`h`cktf pere su ekåb`s`s `kdbuyc be dfkdcktred`ôk gc tfpbekdtfk, be cxtredd`ôk gc p`mhcktfs dfk uke sfbud`ôk edufse gc edctfke (09%) y tfpbekdtfk, be cxtredd`ôk gc p`mhcktfs dfk uke sfbud`ôk edufse gc edctfke (09%) y be gctcrh`ked`ôk gc be gcks`g be gctcrh`ked`ôk gc be gcks`geg ôpde (eosfroekd`e) gcb cxtredtf hcg`ektc uk eg ôpde (eosfroekd`e) gcb cxtredtf hcg`ektc uk cspcdtrfftôhctrf (Tt cspcdtrfftôhctrf (Ttekgerg Hctnfgs EYNE, ?993). Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ekgerg Hctnfgs EYNE, ?993). Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ck βm/B. ck βm/B.
    Cqu`pf gc btred`ôk Cqu`pf gc btred`ôk Ofhoe gc vedèf Ofhoe gc vedèf L`btrfs gc ore gc v`gr`f (9,7 — 9,< L`btrfs gc ore gc v`gr`f (9,7 — 9,< uh uh gc pfrf). gc pfrf). Tfbud`ôk gc derofketf hemkàs`df. Tfbud`ôk gc derofketf hemkàs`df. Tfbud`ôk gc Tfbud`ôk gc edctfke (09%). edctfke (09%). Cqu`pf kcdcser`f pere hektckcr be hucstre Cqu`pf kcdcser`f pere hektckcr be hucstre cktrc 7 ¹D-> ¹D ck cb trekspfrtc eb beofretfr`f. cktrc 7 ¹D-> ¹D ck cb trekspfrtc eb beofretfr`f. CUS@YFT P _CEDW@FT CUS@YFT P _CEDW@FT
Cspcdtrfftôhctrf. Cspcdtrfftôhctrf.     Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT YE_E CB Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT YE_E CB HSCTW_CF P CKTEPF HSCTW_CF P CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F P TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F P DSEKW@WEW@F GCB DSEKW@WEW@F GCB L@WFYBEKDWFK YFWCKD@EBHCKWC L@WFYBEKDWFK YFWCKD@EBHCKWC WÔ^@DF WFHE GC HSCTW_ET WÔ^@DF WFHE GC HSCTW_ET
    ◆ ◆ CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT ◆ ◆ H`drfsdfp`f, cstcrcfsdfp`f H`drfsdfp`f, cstcrcfsdfp`f     ◆ ◆ Euhcktf gc >^ e <.4^, Fduber gc 59^/?? Euhcktf gc >^ e <.4^, Fduber gc 59^/?? ◆ ◆ Ducrpf gc euhcktf f zffh perebcbf f meb`bcf gc <,4^ Ducrpf gc euhcktf f zffh perebcbf f meb`bcf gc <,4^ ◆ ◆ H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf ◆ ◆ Fdubercs gc 59^, 5?.3^ f 53^ Fdubercs gc 59^, 5?.3^ f 53^ ◆ ◆ Fojcvfs gc 7^, 59^ (?9^), 79^ y 599^ Fojcvfs gc 7^, 59^ (?9^), 79^ y 599^
◆ ◆     DFBCDWET DFBCDWET HSCTW_ET GC EMSE HSCTW_ET GC EMSE DFBCDW DFBCDWE E DFK DFK OFWCBBE K@TA@K OFWCBBE K@TA@K DFBCDW DFBCDWE E DFK DFK HEKMSC_E HEKMSC_E
    CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT H`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf H`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf Fojcvfs gc 59^, ?9^ y 79^ Fojcvfs gc 59^, ?9^ y 79^ (Fojcvfs YBEK). Cb fojcvf gc 79^ dfk dfktrestc gc escs Fdubercs `muebcs f heyfrcs e 5?.3^ A`t gc dfktrestc gc (Fojcvfs YBEK). Cb fojcvf gc 79^ dfk dfktrestc gc escs Fdubercs `muebcs f heyfrcs e 5?.3^ A`t gc dfktrestc gc escs _cmb`bbe fduber h`drfhàtr`de escs _cmb`bbe fduber h`drfhàtr`de Ybeke hcdåk`de dfk oftfkcs gc Ybeke hcdåk`de dfk oftfkcs gc hekgf pere bcdture treksvcrseb y bfkm`tug`keb hekgf pere bcdture treksvcrseb y bfkm`tug`keb (^. (^.P), vcrk`cr y P), vcrk`cr y kfh`f (bcdture 9,5 hh) kfh`f (bcdture 9,5 hh)     Dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk dfk d`b`kgrfs f Dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk dfk d`b`kgrfs f
_cmb`bbe ]N@YYBC (pere gcb`h`ter dehpfs gc dfktcf) _cmb`bbe ]N@YYBC (pere gcb`h`ter dehpfs gc dfktcf) H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf dfbuhkes gc ?3 ô 39 hB dfbuhkes gc ?3 ô 39 hB     DFBCDWE DFK DFBCDWE DFK OFWCBBE K@TA@K OFWCBBE K@TA@K Oftcbbe K`sa`k gc YD Oftcbbe K`sa`k gc YD dfk uke deped`geg gc dfk uke deped`geg gc 3 B y hcksejcrf gc 3 B y hcksejcrf gc orfkdc orfkdc Wcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk Wcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc 5/59¹D gc -? e 43¹D 5/59¹D gc -? e 43¹D Wcrhôhctrf gc supcrd`c Wcrhôhctrf gc supcrd`c gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc 5H9¹D gc -? e 43¹D y 5H9¹D gc -? e 43¹D y prftcdtfr gc YD prftcdtfr gc YD Lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 Lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 hB gc dfbfr åhoer, hB gc dfbfr åhoer, gc v`gr`f, dfk tepe gc v`gr`f, dfk tepe rfsde rfsde Lresdfs gc 49 hB Lresdfs gc 49 hB ofde ekdne, gc ofde ekdne, gc pbåsdf pbåsdf Lfrheb`ke eb ?9% Lfrheb`ke eb ?9% Bumfb-edàdf Bumfb-edàdf
(pN cktrc > y 0) (pN cktrc > y 0)     DFBCDWE DFK DFBCDWE DFK HEKMSC_E HEKMSC_E Ske hekmucre Ske hekmucre trekspercktc gc trekspercktc gc pbåsdf, pbåsdf, duyes cspcd`ded`fkcs duyes cspcd`ded`fkcs tàdk`des sfk bes s`mu`cktcs: tàdk`des sfk bes s`mu`cktcs: G`åhctrf cxtcrkf gc ?,> G`åhctrf cxtcrkf gc ?,> dh y gc ?,4 dh y gc ?,4 dh gc g`åhctrf dh gc g`åhctrf `ktcrkf y bfkm`tug gc ?9 h `ktcrkf y bfkm`tug gc ?9 h dfhf håx`hf dfhf håx`hf G`v`g`ge ck scdd`fkcs gc 3 h, gc G`v`g`ge ck scdd`fkcs gc 3 h, gc educrgf e bfs cstretfs f prfukg`geg e be educrgf e bfs cstretfs f prfukg`geg e be quc sc qu`crc nedcr cb hucstrcf. quc sc qu`crc nedcr cb hucstrcf. Eg`d`fkebhcktc ck cb Eg`d`fkebhcktc ck cb cstretf supcr`fr cstretf supcr`fr, sc , sc gcoc dfks`gcrer uke bfkm`tug heyfr quc gcoc dfks`gcrer uke bfkm`tug heyfr quc dfrrcspfkgcr dfrrcspfkgcrå e be å e be g`stekd`e gcb oftc y be g`stekd`e gcb oftc y be Dege scdd`ôk dfkste gc bbevcs gc Dege scdd`ôk dfkste gc bbevcs gc dfhpucrte quc ed`b`tek cb edfpbc dfhpucrte quc ed`b`tek cb edfpbc cktrc cbbes e trevàs gc uke uk`ôk cktrc cbbes e trevàs gc uke uk`ôk gc rfsde, pcrh`ckgf gc rfsde, pcrh`ckgf `kgcpckgckd`e gc dege trehf y su `kgcpckgckd`e gc dege trehf y su
supcrd`c gcb emue. supcrd`c gcb emue. åd`b scpered`ôk. åd`b scpered`ôk.         *     *    S    S    k    k     b     b    `    `    t    t    r    r    f    f     g     g    c    c     l     l    f    f    r    r    h    h    e    e     b     b     g     g    c    c     n     n    `    `     g     g    f    f    Y    Y    E    E  .  .     (     (    e    e     b     b    4    4    =    =    %    %  ,  ,    c    c    s    s    t    t    e    e     o     o    `    `     b     b    `    `    z    z    e    e     g     g    f    f    d    d    f    f    k    k    h    h    c    c    t    t    e    e    k    k    f    f     b     b    e    e     b     b    5    5    9    9    %    %  ,  ,    m    m    r    r    e    e     g     g    f    f     g     g    c    c    e    e    d    d    `    `     g     g    c    c    z    z     (     (    N    N    D    D    F    F    F    F    N    N     )     )    k    k    f    f    h    h    e    e    y    y    f    f    r    r     g     g    c    c    9    9  ,  ,    9    9    ?    ?    3    3    %    %     )     ) * Skb`trfgcemue gcsbege * Skb`trfgcemue gcsbege * 5.?m gcderofketfgcsfg`f * 5.?m gcderofketfgcsfg`f n` ng̀rfmckegfY.E. (KeND9 grfmckegfY.E. (KeND9 4 4 ), ), perekcutreb`zerbesfbud`ôk perekcutreb`zerbesfbud`ôk LF_HEB@KE:Yere LF_HEB@KE:Yere prcperer cste sfbud`ôk prcperer cste sfbud`ôk sc kcdcs`te sc kcdcs`te EMCKWCT GC EMCKWCT GC L@JED@FK /Y_CTC_ L@JED@FK /Y_CTC_ED@ÔK ED@ÔK
  *   *   T   T    c    c     h     h    c    c   z   z   d   d  b  b   e   e    y    y    n    n    f    f     h     h    f    f    m    m    c    c    k    k  `  `   z   z   e   e   t   t    f    f    g    g    f    f   s   s    c    c   s   s   t   t    f    f   s   s    c    c  b  b    c    c     h     h    c    c    k    k   t   t    f    f   s   s    n    n   e   e   s   s   t   t   e   e    f    f    o    o   t   t    c    c    k    k    c    c   r   r    u    u    k    k   e   e   s   s    f    f  b  b    u    u   d   d  `  `    ô    ô    k    k   s   s  `  `    k    k   r   r    c    c   s   s  `  `    g    g    u    u    f    f   s   s   s   s    ô    ô  b  b  `  `    g    g    f    f   s   s  .  . **TT cc uu ssee dd ``kktteess ``kkgg ``dd eegg ff rreess gg cc bbpp NN cckk bbee ss ffbbuudd ``ôô kk ll kkee bbpp eerree vvcc rr``ll ddeerr ss uu kk ccuu ttrr eebb ``ggee gg .. ** TTcc ll bbttrr ee ccbb pp rrccpp ee rreegg ff pp eerree ccvv``tt eerr ssccgg ``hh cc kktteedd ``ôô kk ggcc bbeess ssee bb ccss..     BSMFB BSMFB EDÀW@DF EDÀW@DF Tcrcqu`crcgc?9 mgcbfgurf gcpftes`f Tcrcqu`crcgc?9 mgcbfgurf gcpftes`f (Ab)y59mgcPfgf (R (Ab)y59mgcPfgf (R? ?).Cstfs dfhpucstfs ).Cstfs dfhpucstfs scg`buyckck ?99 hB gcemuegcsbegey scg`buyckck ?99 hB gcemuegcsbegey ?9 mgcåd` ?9 mgcådg̀f edàdf. Cstesfbud`ôksc gf edàdf. Cstesfbud`ôksc fx`geråp`gehckt fx`geråp`gehckt cpfredd`ôk cpfredd`ôkgcbe`rcy gcbe`rcy buz. pfrcbbf, buz. pfrcbbf, gcocdfkscrverscck oftcbbes gcocdfkscrverscck oftcbbes gcdfbfråhoeryck befsdur`geg. gcdfbfråhoeryck befsdur`geg.
    CKTEPF TCH@D CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@ SEKW@W WE EW@F W@F CK DFBSHKE GC EMSE CK DFBSHKE GC EMSE Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf, hcg`ektc uk MYT (mcfpfs`d`fkegfr). @ktrfgud`r be rcg ck frhe vcrdeb neste uke Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf, hcg`ektc uk MYT (mcfpfs`d`fkegfr). @ktrfgud`r be rcg ck frhe vcrdeb neste uke prfukg`geg eprfx`hege e 39 dh gcb fkgf, tck`ckgf du`gegf quc kf frhc ebmuke ourouje gc prfukg`geg eprfx`hege e 39 dh gcb fkgf, tck`ckgf du`gegf quc kf frhc ebmuke ourouje gc e`rc. e`rc. Hektckcrbe ukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf y chpczer cb `zegf e uke vcbfd`geg Hektckcrbe ukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf y chpczer cb `zegf e uke vcbfd`geg gc 5h.s gc 5h.s-5 -5 .Cste fpcred`ôk sc  .Cste fpcred`ôk sc rcp`tc dfhf hèk`hf trcs rcp`tc dfhf hèk`hf trcs vcdcs ck cb h`shf vcdcs ck cb h`shf bumer bumer. . Dfk be rcg ck duo`crte sc prfdcgc e Dfk be rcg ck duo`crte sc prfdcgc e tresvese tresveser cb lbtregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e r cb lbtregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e ftrf gc `mueb f ftrf gc `mueb f Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT GC WFHE GC HSCTW_E Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT GC WFHE GC HSCTW_E
heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk `kg`dege ck ekcxfs. heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk `kg`dege ck ekcxfs.     Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9% Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9% Yfstcr`fr e be fpcred`ôk ektcr`fr sc Yfstcr`fr e be fpcred`ôk ektcr`fr sc nfhfmck`ze dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. nfhfmck`ze dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture eho`cktc. eho`cktc.
    CK F_@BBE GC YBEPE CK F_@BBE GC YBEPE ◆ ◆ Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf ◆ ◆ Gfs pcrsfkes gcock `kmrcser eb her dfk uk oebgc gc 59 B y uke rcg (59ph). neste uke g`stekd`e prugcktc e be quc pucgek treoejer. Gfs pcrsfkes gcock `kmrcser eb her dfk uk oebgc gc 59 B y uke rcg (59ph). neste uke g`stekd`e prugcktc e be quc pucgek treoejer. ◆ ◆ Tc cspcre quc be fbe rcv`cktc y eb deof gc ebmukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf sc prfdcgc e dfbcdter be hucstre. Tc cspcre quc be fbe rcv`cktc y eb deof gc ebmukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf sc prfdcgc e dfbcdter be hucstre. ◆ ◆ Tc dfbcdte uk tfteb gc 39 B gc emue gc her, bfs duebcs sfk btregfs ck be rcg. Tc dfbcdte uk tfteb gc 39 B gc emue gc her, bfs duebcs sfk btregfs ck be rcg. ◆ ◆ T` cb dfktck`gf tuv`csc ercke, scg`hcktf f hetcr`eb perdubegf ck eoukgekd`e, sc cspcre ukfs h`kutfs neste quc scg`hcktc y sc prfdcgc eb T` cb dfktck`gf tuv`csc ercke, scg`hcktf f hetcr`eb perdubegf ck eoukgekd`e, sc cspcre ukfs h`kutfs neste quc scg`hcktc y sc prfdcgc eb btregf. Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc be ercke cstå ck ukd`ôk gc be tchpcreture gcb her. pfr bf quc sc gcoc gcjer quc be ercke scg`hcktc cktrc 5 btregf. Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc be ercke cstå ck ukd`ôk gc be tchpcreture gcb her. pfr bf quc sc gcoc gcjer quc be ercke scg`hcktc cktrc 5 y ? h`kutfs. y ? h`kutfs. ◆ ◆ Tc prfdcgc e tresveser cb btregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e ftrf gc `mueb f heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf Tc prfdcgc e tresveser cb btregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e ftrf gc `mueb f heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e. rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e. ◆ ◆ Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9%. prfdcg`àkgfsc e nfhfmck`zer dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9%. prfdcg`àkgfsc e nfhfmck`zer dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. ◆ ◆ Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. ◆ ◆ Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture eho`cktc. Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture eho`cktc.
       CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F OFWCBBE K@TA@K (EYNE, ?993) OFWCBBE K@TA@K (EYNE, ?993) ◆ ◆ Oejer be oftcbbe K`sa`k e gfs f trcs Oejer be oftcbbe K`sa`k e gfs f trcs k`vcbcs (hcg`e emue y lfkgf) scmúk be prflukg`geg gc be csted`ôk, bbcmekgf neste 5h gcb k`vcbcs (hcg`e emue y lfkgf) scmúk be prflukg`geg gc be csted`ôk, bbcmekgf neste 5h gcb lfkgf tck`ckgf dfhf scõeb bfs lfkgf tck`ckgf dfhf scõeb bfs hercejcs gc prflukg`geg gc be bèkce hercejcs gc prflukg`geg gc be bèkce hegrc. hegrc. ◆ ◆ Cspcrer pfr bf hckfs 5 h`kutf pere su csteo`b`zed`ôk y ckv`er cb Cspcrer pfr bf hckfs 5 h`kutf pere su csteo`b`zed`ôk y ckv`er cb hcksejcrf, sc prfdcgcrå e `zer be oftcbbe e be supcrl`d`c y/f duo`crte gc be choerded`ôk. hcksejcrf, sc prfdcgcrå e `zer be oftcbbe e be supcrl`d`c y/f duo`crte gc be choerded`ôk. ◆ ◆ Tc rcm`strek bfs getfs Tc rcm`strek bfs getfs gc tchpcreture quc `kg`de cb tcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk gc gc tchpcreture quc `kg`de cb tcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k e be oftcbbe K`sa`k e be prflukg`geg csteobcd`ge. be prflukg`geg csteobcd`ge. ◆ ◆ Cb frgck pere be fotckd`ôk gc be hucstre gc emue uke vcz Cb frgck pere be fotckd`ôk gc be hucstre gc emue uke vcz ck be choerded`ôk cs be s`mu`cktc: fxèmckf, kutr`cktcs, seb`k`geg. pN y hucstres pere ck be choerded`ôk cs be s`mu`cktc: fxèmckf, kutr`cktcs, seb`k`geg. pN y hucstres pere l`tfpbekdtfk. l`tfpbekdtfk. ◆ ◆ Gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k sc tfhe uke Gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k sc tfhe uke suohucstre ck lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 suohucstre ck lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 hB. pere cbbf sc eorc cb tepôk gc rcsp`red`ôk y be v hB. pere cbbf sc eorc cb tepôk gc rcsp`red`ôk y be våbvube gc csdepc gc be oftcbbe åbvube gc csdepc gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k e be dueb sc K`sa`k e be dueb sc bc ne edfpbegf uke hekmucre (pucgc scr: gc jcoc; båtcx, s`b`dfke f YD) ck be bc ne edfpbegf uke hekmucre (pucgc scr: gc jcoc; båtcx, s`b`dfke f YD) ck be pertc `klcr`fr gcb hucstrcegfr pertc `klcr`fr gcb hucstrcegfr. be dueb sc . be dueb sc `ktrfgudc `ktrfgudc gcktrf gcb lresdf pere fotckcr be gcktrf gcb lresdf pere fotckcr be hucstre. hucstre. ◆ ◆ T` cb lresdf cs gc T` cb lresdf cs gc >9 hB. emrcmer ? hB gc lfrheb`ke (?9%) e be hucstre (uk ouck `kg`degfr gc be dfkdcktred`ôk sul`d`cktc gc lfrheb`ke cs cb >9 hB. emrcmer ? hB gc lfrheb`ke (?9%) e be hucstre (uk ouck `kg`degfr gc be dfkdcktred`ôk sul`d`cktc gc lfrheb`ke cs cb fbfr, cb dueb fbfr, cb dueb
gcbete su prcsckd`e e be sfbe cxpfs`d`ôk gcb fbletf). gcbete su prcsckd`e e be sfbe cxpfs`d`ôk gcb fbletf). ◆ ◆ Be prcscrved`ôk teho`àk sc pucgc nedcr dfk sfbud`ôk gc bumfb-edàt`df Tc ut`b`ze cktrc 9.3 y 5.9 Be prcscrved`ôk teho`àk sc pucgc nedcr dfk sfbud`ôk gc bumfb-edàt`df Tc ut`b`ze cktrc 9.3 y 5.9 hB gc bumfb pere >9 hB gc hucstre. hB gc bumfb pere >9 hB gc hucstre. ◆ ◆ _ftuber dege lresdf dfk be _ftuber dege lresdf dfk be `klfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e `klfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e ◆ ◆ Cb rchekcktc gc be hucstre dfbcdtege ck be oftcbbe K`sa`k cs gcvucbtf eb Cb rchekcktc gc be hucstre dfbcdtege ck be oftcbbe K`sa`k cs gcvucbtf eb her. her.     HEKMSC_E (B@KGENB, 50><) HEKMSC_E (B@KGENB, 50><) ◆ ◆ Edfkg`d`fker be bfkm`tug gc be hekmucre dfkfrhc e bf csteobcd`gf ck cb Edfkg`d`fker be bfkm`tug gc be hekmucre dfkfrhc e bf csteobcd`gf ck cb ètch 3.5.?.5. o). ètch 3.5.?.5. o). ◆ ◆ Gcoc csteobcdcrsc ck bfs pr`hcrfs 3 h cb årce b` Gcoc csteobcdcrsc ck bfs pr`hcrfs 3 h cb årce b`orc gc hucstrcf, cstf sc rccrc e be scpered`ôk cktrc be supcrd`c orc gc hucstrcf, cstf sc rccrc e be scpered`ôk cktrc be supcrd`c gcb her y be ebture gc be choerded`ôk f puktf gc cjcdud`ôk gcb her y be ebture gc be choerded`ôk f puktf gc cjcdud`ôk gcb hucstrcf. gcb hucstrcf. ◆ ◆ Be tfhe gc be hucstre dfk hekmucre ck csted`fkcs gfkgc bes prfukg`gegcs sfk hckfrcs e =.3 Be tfhe gc be hucstre dfk hekmucre ck csted`fkcs gfkgc bes prfukg`gegcs sfk hckfrcs e =.3 h gcoc nedcrsc ck uk cstretf `ktcmregf gc 9 - = h gcoc nedcrsc ck uk cstretf `ktcmregf gc 9 - = h. h. ◆ ◆ Dcrd`frersc gcb ouck ukd`fkeh`cktf gc bes bbevcs (epcrture y d`crrc) gc be Dcrd`frersc gcb ouck ukd`fkeh`cktf gc bes bbevcs (epcrture y d`crrc) gc be hekmucre y cb åd`b ckrfsquc y gcsckrfsquc gc bes scdd`fkcs. hekmucre y cb åd`b ckrfsquc y gcsckrfsquc gc bes scdd`fkcs. ◆ ◆ Oejer cb hucstrcegfr muergekgf be vcrdeb`geg gc àstc, escmuråkgfsc quc bes bbevcs cstàk eo`crtes. Oejer cb hucstrcegfr muergekgf be vcrdeb`geg gc àstc, escmuråkgfsc quc bes bbevcs cstàk eo`crtes. ◆ ◆ Oejer be hekmucre e uke vcbfd`geg teb quc cb bbckegf Oejer be hekmucre e uke vcbfd`geg teb quc cb bbckegf gc àste sce uk`frhc y s`k turoubckd`e (5h s' gc àste sce uk`frhc y s`k turoubckd`e (5h s'5 5). ). ◆ ◆ Duekgf sc cstå e be prfukg`geg rcqucr`ge, sc d`cr Duekgf sc cstå e be prfukg`geg rcqucr`ge, sc d`crre be bbevc supcr`fr y sc prfdcgc e ` re be bbevc supcr`fr y sc prfdcgc e `zerbe. zerbe. ◆ ◆ Tudcs`vehcktc, dfkfrhc sc ve `zekgf cb hucstrcegfr. teho`àk sc vek dcrrekgf bes bbevcs gc Tudcs`vehcktc, dfkfrhc sc ve `zekgf cb hucstrcegfr. teho`àk sc vek dcrrekgf bes bbevcs gc bes suos`mu`cktcs scdd`fkcs. bes suos`mu`cktcs scdd`fkcs. ◆ ◆ Dfk be hekmucre ck duo`crte, sc prfdcgc e tresveser cb dfktck`gf gc dege scdd`ôk ck rcd`p`cktcs (? Dfk be hekmucre ck duo`crte, sc prfdcgc e tresveser cb dfktck`gf gc dege scdd`ôk ck rcd`p`cktcs (? e 3 B), prcv`ehcktc rftubegfs, teb cs esè quc e 3 B), prcv`ehcktc rftubegfs, teb cs esè quc e dege rcd`p`cktc bc dfrrcspfkgc uke e dege rcd`p`cktc bc dfrrcspfkgc uke scdd`ôk1 esè e be scdd`ôk scdd`ôk1 esè e be scdd`ôk gc 9 - 3 gc 9 - 3 h. bc dfrrcspfkgc cb rcd`p`cktc 9 - 3 h. bc dfrrcspfkgc cb rcd`p`cktc 9 - 3 h y esè sudcs`vehcktc. h y esè sudcs`vehcktc. ◆ ◆ Gc dege rcd`p`cktc sc tfhe uke suohucstre, prcv`e nfhfmck`zed`ôk y sc prfdcgc e jerbe dfk bes sfbud`fkcs Gc dege rcd`p`cktc sc tfhe uke suohucstre, prcv`e nfhfmck`zed`ôk y sc prfdcgc e jerbe dfk bes sfbud`fkcs gc bumfb edàdf f frheb`ke, scmúk peutes geges ck gc bumfb edàdf f frheb`ke, scmúk peutes geges ck cb `tch 3.?. cb `tch 3.?. ◆ ◆ Yfstcr`fr eb pesf ektcr`fr sc vucbvc e nfhfmck`zer be hucstre. Yfstcr`fr eb pesf ektcr`fr sc vucbvc e nfhfmck`zer be hucstre. ◆ ◆
_ftuber dege rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e gcb puktf gc hucstrcf. _ftuber dege rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e gcb puktf gc hucstrcf.     CW@USCW CW@USCWEGF GC EGF GC BET HSCTW_ET BET HSCTW_ET W Wfges bes hucstres y fges bes hucstres y prcpered`fkcs gcock cster: prcpered`fkcs gcock cster: Dfkvck`cktchcktc cqucteges gc frhe quc sc `gckquc dege uke Dfkvck`cktchcktc cqucteges gc frhe quc sc `gckquc dege uke gc cbbes. gc cbbes. Sk dôg`mf gc be hucstre, gc be csted`ôk, cdne gc dfbcdte, prcscrvektc ub`zegf y pcrsfke f Sk dôg`mf gc be hucstre, gc be csted`ôk, cdne gc dfbcdte, prcscrvektc ub`zegf y pcrsfke f ckgeg e dermf gc ckgeg e dermf gc be dfbcdte. Cb dôg`mf gc be hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc c be dfbcdte. Cb dôg`mf gc be hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc ck be oesc gc g k be oesc gc getfs. etfs. Cs `hpfrtektc `kg`der cb pf gc hucstre, cb hàtfgf y be prfukg`geg gc dfbcdte. Cs `hpfrtektc `kg`der cb pf gc hucstre, cb hàtfgf y be prfukg`geg gc dfbcdte. Tc gcoc ub`zer uk rftubegfr rcs`stcktc eb emue. Tc gcoc ub`zer uk rftubegfr rcs`stcktc eb emue.
    EBHEDCKEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E Y_FOBCHE EBHEDCKEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E Y_FOBCHE Tc ebhedckeråk hucstres prfobche (sch`duektevf y/ Tc ebhedckeråk hucstres prfobche (sch`duektevf y/f duektevf) pfr uk chpf kf hckfr e ? eõfs, ck f duektevf) pfr uk chpf kf hckfr e ? eõfs, ck dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc buz y tchpcreture, prcscrveges dfk uke sfbud`ôk q dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc buz y tchpcreture, prcscrveges dfk uke sfbud`ôk quc dfkscrvc pfr uk uc dfkscrvc pfr uk chpf chpf prfbfkmegf e bfs frmek`shfs. Cb bepsf g prfbfkmegf e bfs frmek`shfs. Cb bepsf gc ebhedckeh`cktf gc cstes hucstres scr c ebhedckeh`cktf gc cstes hucstres scrv`rå dfhf rcspebgf ektc v`rå dfhf rcspebgf ektc duebqu`cr cvcktueb`geg quc sc prcscktc. duebqu`cr cvcktueb`geg quc sc prcscktc.
    CKTEPFT GC CKTEPFT GC L@WFYBEKDWFK L@WFYBEKDWFK CK CB BEOF_EWF_@F CK CB BEOF_EWF_@F
    CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F: FOTC_ED@ÔK Y_CB@H@KE_ (HCWFGFBFMÈE @HE_YC) CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F: FOTC_ED@ÔK Y_CB@H@KE_ (HCWFGFBFMÈE @HE_YC) Cb fojcvf pr`kd`peb gc Cb fojcvf pr`kd`peb gc cstc ekåb`s`s cs prfpfrd`fker uke v`s`ôk mckcreb gc cstc ekåb`s`s cs prfpfrd`fker uke v`s`ôk mckcreb gc be dfhpfs`d`ôk gc tfpbekdtfk be dfhpfs`d`ôk gc tfpbekdtfk ektcs gc rceb`zer cb ekåb`s`s duektevf gctebbegf. Cstc cstug`f prcb`h`ker eyuge e gctcrh`ker ektcs gc rceb`zer cb ekåb`s`s duektevf gctebbegf. Cstc cstug`f prcb`h`ker eyuge e gctcrh`ker be cstretcm`e be cstretcm`e gc dfktcf y teho`àk e be `gckded`ôk pfstcr`fr gc be hucstre prcscrvege. Ck cstc ckseyf pucgc epercdcr gc dfktcf y teho`àk e be `gckded`ôk pfstcr`fr gc be hucstre prcscrvege. Ck cstc ckseyf pucgc epercdcr `kfrhed`ôk eg`d`fkeb rcbcvektc, dfhf cb cstegf y d`rdukstekd`e `kfrhed`ôk eg`d`fkeb rcbcvektc, dfhf cb cstegf y d`rdukstekd`es gc be hucstre (pfr cjchpbf, pucgc s gc be hucstre (pfr cjchpbf, pucgc scr gc scr gc ub`geg rceb`zer uke ekfted`ôk sforc cb teheõf gc u ub`geg rceb`zer uke ekfted`ôk sforc cb teheõf gc uke dfbfk` ke dfbfk`e hucstre e hucstre rcsde  rcsde    bes dfbfk`es sc gcs`ktcmrek bes dfbfk`es sc gcs`ktcmrek
ck cb prfdcsf gc dfkscrved`ôk, ctd.). ck cb prfdcsf gc dfkscrved`ôk, ctd.).     Y_FDCG@H@CKW Y_FDCG@H@CKWF GC F GC BE BE FOTC_ED@ÔK FOTC_ED@ÔK Y_CB@H@KE_ Y_CB@H@KE_ Gc be Gc be hucstre nfhfm hucstre nfhfmck`zege, sc ck`zege, sc tfhe uke suohucstre gc 4 hB, tfhe uke suohucstre gc 4 hB, eprfx`hegehcktc 79 mftes dfk eprfx`hegehcktc 79 mftes dfk p`pcte Yestcur y sc dfbfde ck uke p`pcte Yestcur y sc dfbfde ck uke pbede Yctr`. pbede Yctr`. Tc bbcve eb Tc bbcve eb h`drfsdfp`f cstcrcfsd h`drfsdfp`f cstcrcfsdfp`f fp`f pere su bcdture c `gckded`ôk dfk uk pere su bcdture c `gckded`ôk dfk uk euhcktf gc <,4^. Cstc prfdcsf sc euhcktf gc <,4^. Cstc prfdcsf sc
rcp`tc 4 vcdcs pere bbcmer e gctcrh`ker rcp`tc 4 vcdcs pere bbcmer e gctcrh`ker e be tfteb`geg gc bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs. e be tfteb`geg gc bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs.     Tc ekftek tfges bes cspcd`cs `gckdeges cbeofrekgf uk b`stegf gc educrgf e be csdebe gc be eoukgekd`e rcbeve: Tc ekftek tfges bes cspcd`cs `gckdeges cbeofrekgf uk b`stegf gc educrgf e be csdebe gc be eoukgekd`e rcbeve: 7: Huy eoukgektc (heyfr gc ?9 dcb/d) 7: Huy eoukgektc (heyfr gc ?9 dcb/d) 4: Eoukge 4: Eoukgektc ktc (cktrc (cktrc 55 y 55 y ?9 dc ?9 dcb/d) b/d) ?: ?: Csdesf Csdesf (cktrc (cktrc 7 7 y y 59 59 dcb/d) dcb/d) 5: Yr 5: Yrcsc csckt ktc c (ck (cktr trc 5 y 4 dc c 5 y 4 dcb/ b/d) d) 9: Euscktc 9: Euscktc
dcb/d8 dàbubes pfr dehpf dcb/d8 dàbubes pfr dehpf     KFWE: KFWE: Cstes cqu`vebckd`es cståk ck prfdcsf gc veb`ged`ôk.  Cstes cqu`vebckd`es cståk ck prfdcsf gc veb`ged`ôk. Bes cspcd`cs gc g`d`b g Bes cspcd`cs gc g`d`b gctcrh`ked`ôk sc scperek pere uk prcv`f treteh`cktf gc b`hp`cze, scpered`ôk gc ctcrh`ked`ôk sc scperek pere uk prcv`f treteh`cktf gc b`hp`cze, scpered`ôk gc pbedes, dfbfred`ôk u ftrf hàtfgf, pere scr foscrveges pbedes, dfbfred`ôk u ftrf hàtfgf, pere scr foscrveges ck cb h`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf. Cb ck cb h`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf. Cb euhcktf chpbcegf euhcktf chpbcegf cs gc 79^ f 599^. cs gc 79^ f 599^. Tc rcpfrtek bfs rcsubtegfs Tc rcpfrtek bfs rcsubtegfs ck cb frhetf: ‒Ckseyf sch`duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk" (vcr ekcxf), ck cb ck cb frhetf: ‒Ckseyf sch`duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk" (vcr ekcxf), ck cb dueb sc dueb sc rcm`stre be fdurrckd`e y eoukgekd`e rcbeve gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`eb hcktc tôx`des y gc bes cspcd`cs rcm`stre be fdurrckd`e y eoukgekd`e rcbeve gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`eb hcktc tôx`des y gc bes cspcd`cs edfhpeõektcs. edfhpeõektcs.
    CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F: DFKWCF DFK H@D_FTDFY@F @KC_W@GF (SWC_HÔNB) CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F: DFKWCF DFK H@D_FTDFY@F @KC_W@GF (SWC_HÔNB) Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk prcv`e gc be hucstre, ektcs gc ` Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk prcv`e gc be hucstre, ektcs gc `k`d`er cb dfktcf, pere tckcr uke v`s`ôk k`d`er cb dfktcf, pere tckcr uke v`s`ôk mckcreb gc be dfhuk`geg tfpbekdtôk`de, prcv`f e cbcm`r be cstretcm`e gc dfktcf mckcreb gc be dfhuk`geg tfpbekdtôk`de, prcv`f e cbcm`r be cstretcm`e gc dfktcf Ney trcs ebtcrkeves gc dfktcf dfk bes Ney trcs ebtcrkeves gc dfktcf dfk bes dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk: dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk:
    e) e) KÚHC_F GC KÚHC_F GC DEHYFT TCBCDD@FKEGFT DEHYFT TCBCDD@FKEGFT EBCE EBCEWF_@EHCKWC WF_@EHCKWC Tc ub`ze uk rcdubf gc ]n`ppbc quc sc dfbfde ck cb fduber gcb h`drfsdfp`f. Cstc rcdubf cs uk g`sdf gc Tc ub`ze uk rcdubf gc ]n`ppbc quc sc dfbfde ck cb fduber gcb h`drfsdfp`f. Cstc rcdubf cs uk g`sdf gc v`gr`f quc ckc `hprcsf uk duegregf rcdubegf gc 59x59, g`v`g`gf ck 599 pertcs `muebcs. Cstc cbchcktf v`gr`f quc ckc `hprcsf uk duegregf rcdubegf gc 59x59, g`v`g`gf ck 599 pertcs `muebcs. Cstc cbchcktf pcrh`tc gcb`h`ter cb årce gc rcducktf y pcrh`tc gcb`h`ter cb årce gc rcducktf y esè bbcver be duckte gcb kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs. Gegf quc c esè bbcver be duckte gcb kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs. Gegf quc cste ste årce pucgc g`cr`r gc uk årce pucgc g`cr`r gc uk h`drfsdfp`f e ftrf y gcpckg`ckgf teho`àk gcb h`drfsdfp`f e ftrf y gcpckg`ckgf teho`àk gcb euhcktf chpbcegf, sc gcoc deb`orer euhcktf chpbcegf, sc gcoc deb`orer du`gegfsehcktc dege h`drfsdfp`f. du`gegfsehcktc dege h`drfsdfp`f. Bfs dehpfs pucgck scbcdd`fkersc pfr cb Bfs dehpfs pucgck scbcdd`fkersc pfr cb ekeb`ste gc uk hfgf ebcetfr`f (duye ebcetfr`cgeg pucgc vcr`dersc ekeb`ste gc uk hfgf ebcetfr`f (duye ebcetfr`cgeg pucgc vcr`dersc gurektc be veb`ged`ôk gcb prftfdfbf) f ub`zekgf uke pbeke cbcdtrôk`de dfk uk dfktrfbegfr `kdfrpfregf. gurektc be veb`ged`ôk gcb prftfdfbf) f ub`zekgf uke pbeke cbcdtrôk`de dfk uk dfktrfbegfr `kdfrpfregf.
    o) DÅHE_E DFHYBCWE o) DÅHE_E DFHYBCWE Cs eprfp`egf pere gcks`gegcs oejes g Cs eprfp`egf pere gcks`gegcs oejes gc tfpbekdtfk (f ck be gctcdd`ôk gc c c tfpbekdtfk (f ck be gctcdd`ôk gc cspcd`cs reres), f pere cb rcducktf spcd`cs reres), f pere cb rcducktf gc cspcd`cs mrekgcs duye g`str`o gc cspcd`cs mrekgcs duye g`str`oud`ôk ck be dåhere kf pucgc scr ud`ôk ck be dåhere kf pucgc scr ebcetfr`e. ebcetfr`e. Cb dfktcf sc rceb`ze gcspbezekgf be dåhere gc err`oe-eoejf c `zqu`crge-gcrcdne y v` Cb dfktcf sc rceb`ze gcspbezekgf be dåhere gc err`oe-eoejf c `zqu`crge-gcrcdne y v`dcvcrse dcvcrse Tc ub`ze uke rcdube ck Tc ub`ze uke rcdube ck cb fduber quc dfktckme ? cb fduber quc dfktckme ?   bèkces perebcbes nfr`zfktebcs quc gcb`h`tek cb trekscdtf, bèkces perebcbes nfr`zfktebcs quc gcb`h`tek cb trekscdtf, prccr`obchcktc dfk uke tcrdcre bèkce vcrdeb quc bes drudc. prccr`obchcktc dfk uke tcrdcre bèkce vcrdeb quc bes drudc. Bes dàbubes ebmercs quc sc ckducktrck Bes dàbubes ebmercs quc sc ckducktrck cktrc bes bèkces gcb trekscdtf. sfk dfkteo`b`zeges e hcg`ge qu cktrc bes bèkces gcb trekscdtf. sfk dfkteo`b`zeges e hcg`ge quc c etrev`csek be bèkce vcrdeb. etrev`csek be bèkce vcrdeb. Equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc cstàk druzekgf be bèkce supcr`fr gcb trekscdtf, sc `kdbuyck ck cb rcducktf, pcrf kf Equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc cstàk druzekgf be bèkce supcr`fr gcb trekscdtf, sc `kdbuyck ck cb rcducktf, pcrf kf
equcbbfs quc sc ckducktrck pfr be bèkce `kcr`fr, ye quc sc dfkteråk eb rceb`zer cb s`mu`cktc trekscdtf (f v`dcvcrse). equcbbfs quc sc ckducktrck pfr be bèkce `kcr`fr, ye quc sc dfkteråk eb rceb`zer cb s`mu`cktc trekscdtf (f v`dcvcrse).     DFKWCF GC W DFKWCF GC W_EKTCDW _EKTCDWFT FT
    Y_FDCG@H@CKWF GCB CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F Y_FDCG@H@CKWF GCB CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F Tc nfhfmck`ze be hucstre {dfk hfv`h`cktfs rftetf Tc nfhfmck`ze be hucstre {dfk hfv`h`cktfs rftetfr`fs vcrdebcs y nfr`zfktebcs, du`gekgf gc kf r`fs vcrdebcs y nfr`zfktebcs, du`gekgf gc kf gcstru`r degckes f dfbfk`es). Cstfs gcstru`r degckes f dfbfk`es). Cstfs hfv`h`cktf hfv`h`cktfs sc s sc rceb`ze rceb`zek k pfr bf hckfs gurektc 5 e 4 h`kutfs Tc v`crtc cb dfktck`gf ck dfbuhkes f d`b`kgrfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 ô 39 hB. pere bucmf teper ck be pertc supcr`fr, pfr bf hckfs gurektc 5 e 4 h`kutfs Tc v`crtc cb dfktck`gf ck dfbuhkes f d`b`kgrfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 ô 39 hB. pere bucmf teper ck be pertc supcr`fr, cv`tekgf be frhed`ô cv`tekgf be frhed`ôk gc ouroujes k gc ouroujes gc e`rc gc e`rc Cb usf gc bfs d`b`k Cb usf gc bfs d`b`kgrfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 y/f 39 hB csterå ck ukd`ôk gc grfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 y/f 39 hB csterå ck ukd`ôk gc bes deredtcrèsdes gc dege årce bes deredtcrèsdes gc dege årce gc cstug`f. gc cstug`f. Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc bes Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc bes hucstres ve e cster ck ukd`ôk gc be ebture gc hucstres ve e cster ck ukd`ôk gc be ebture gc be dfbuhke (dh) e user. Cb chpf quc sc be dfbuhke (dh) e user. Cb chpf quc sc use cs gc 4 use cs gc 4 nfres pfr dege nfres pfr dege dckhctrf gc be dfbuhke, esè sc ckc quc cb d`b`kgrf gc 39hB ckc uk chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?7 nfres y cb d`b`kgrf gc ?3hB cs gc dckhctrf gc be dfbuhke, esè sc ckc quc cb d`b`kgrf gc 39hB ckc uk chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?7 nfres y cb d`b`kgrf gc ?3hB cs gc 5? nfres 5? nfres Kf sc rcdfh`ckge cb usf gc Kf sc rcdfh`ckge cb usf gc dfbuhkes gc 599 hB, gco`gf e dfbuhkes gc 599 hB, gco`gf e be egncrckd`e gc pbekdtfktcs e bes p be egncrckd`e gc pbekdtfktcs e bes percgcs, esè ercgcs, esè dfhf be frhed`ôk gc dfrr`cktcs gc dfkvcdd`ôk, `hp`g`ckgf be scg`hckted`ôk. dfhf be frhed`ôk gc dfrr`cktcs gc dfkvcdd`ôk, `hp`g`ckgf be scg`hckted`ôk. Wr Wreksdurr`gf cb chpf g eksdurr`gf cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk, sc cb`h`kerå cb emue gc c scg`hckted`ôk, sc cb`h`kerå cb emue gc be dfbuhke e trevàs gc uk fr`d`f be dfbuhke e trevàs gc uk fr`d`f quc pfscc be quc pfscc be pbeke Be dfbuhke cs gcsb` pbeke Be dfbuhke cs gcsb`zege ned`e cb cxtrchf gfkgc cstå cb fr`d`f u zege ned`e cb cxtrchf gfkgc cstå cb fr`d`f ub`zekgf uke båh`ke duegrege gc v`gr`f b`zekgf uke båh`ke duegrege gc v`gr`f Be hucstre dfktck`ge ck be dåhere gc scg`hckted`ôk gcoc cster b`orc gc ouroujes, cv`tåkgfsc cb `kdrchcktf gc be tchpcreture ck cb Be hucstre dfktck`ge ck be dåhere gc scg`hckted`ôk gcoc cster b`orc gc ouroujes, cv`tåkgfsc cb `kdrchcktf gc be tchpcreture ck cb eho`cktc gc ckseyf. Tc rcdfh`ckge hektckcr dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc tchpcreture ck zfkes dåb`ges. eho`cktc gc ckseyf. Tc rcdfh`ckge hektckcr dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc tchpcreture ck zfkes dåb`ges.
Tc prfdcgc e be bcdture gc be dåhere ub`zekgf uk h`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf. Tc prfdcgc e be bcdture gc be dåhere ub`zekgf uk h`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf.     DEHYFT DEHYFT P P F_MEK@T F_MEK@T HFT HFT EBMEBCT EBMEBCT E DFKWE_ E DFKWE_ Cb kúhcrf gc dehpfs u Cb kúhcrf gc dehpfs u fojctfs ebmercs quc fojctfs ebmercs quc dfkstuyck cb rcducktf dfkstuyck cb rcducktf pucgc gcd`g`rsc gc educrgf pucgc gcd`g`rsc gc educrgf eb k`vcb gc prcd`s`ôk eb k`vcb gc prcd`s`ôk rcqucr`gf, gegf quc be rcqucr`gf, gegf quc be prcd`s`ôk gcpckgc gcb prcd`s`ôk gcpckgc gcb kúhcrf gc fojctfs kúhcrf gc fojctfs ebmercs/dehpfs Be prcd`s`ôk ebmercs/dehpfs Be prcd`s`ôk (G) gc uk (G) gc uk rcduckt rcducktf pucgc f pucgc cxprcsersc dfhf crrfr cxprcsersc dfhf crrfr cståkger, dfhf prfpfrd`ôk cståkger, dfhf prfpfrd`ôk gc be hcg`e f hcg`ektc bfs gc be hcg`e f hcg`ektc bfs `ktcrvebfs gc dfkekze gcb `ktcrvebfs gc dfkekze gcb 03% ck tfrkf e be hcg`e. Ck 03% ck tfrkf e be hcg`e. Ck be heyfrèe gc bfs be heyfrèe gc bfs rcducktfs rcducktfs gc ruke, sc gcocrèe gc ruke, sc gcocrèe
prccst prccsteobcdcr be eobcdcr be prcd`s`ôk. prcd`s`ôk.     BCDWS_E GC BET HSCTW_ET BCDWS_E GC BET HSCTW_ET Be `hpfrtekd`e ukgehckteb gc be epb`ded`ôk gc cstc prfdcg`h`cktf. Be `hpfrtekd`e ukgehckteb gc be epb`ded`ôk gc cstc prfdcg`h`cktf. 93 93 gctcrh`ker y duekder (dcb, B'  gctcrh`ker y duekder (dcb, B' 5 5 ) cb tfpbekdtfk ) cb tfpbekdtfk pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`df. pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`df. Be gctcrh`ked`ôk sc rceb`ze ub`zekgf bes dbevcs rcspcdves. Be gctcrh`ked`ôk sc rceb`ze ub`zekgf bes dbevcs rcspcdves. Be bcdture gc cspcd`cs sc ccdtúe hcg`ektc foscrved`ôk g`rcdte dfk h`drfsdf Be bcdture gc cspcd`cs sc ccdtúe hcg`ektc foscrved`ôk g`rcdte dfk h`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf e 5<9^, ?U9^ p`f `kvcrgf e 5<9^, ?U9^ f 799^ gc euhcktf. f 799^ gc euhcktf. Bes dàbubes hckfrcs gc 39 ph Bes dàbubes hckfrcs gc 39 ph y bes hås eoukgektcs, sfk dfkteges ck uk årce gctcrh`kege dfk uk y bes hås eoukgektcs, sfk dfkteges ck uk årce gctcrh`kege dfk uk euhcktf gc 799^. euhcktf gc 799^. Bes dàbubes heyfrcs gc 39 ph sfk dfkteges ck be h`teg gcb Bes dàbubes heyfrcs gc 39 ph sfk dfkteges ck be h`teg gcb årce gc be dåhere dfk uk euhcktf gc ?99^ f 5<9^ årce gc be dåhere dfk uk euhcktf gc ?99^ f 5<9^ Tc dfhpbcte cb dfktcf dcbuber bcyckgf tfge be dåhere pere rcm`strer equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc kf sc gctcrh`kerfk ck be h`teg Tc dfhpbcte cb dfktcf dcbuber bcyckgf tfge be dåhere pere rcm`strer equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc kf sc gctcrh`kerfk ck be h`teg dfktege, perebcbehcktc sc rceb`ze cb dfktcf gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`des. dfktege, perebcbehcktc sc rceb`ze cb dfktcf gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`des. Cb dfktcf ck uke g`emfkeb f årce gctcrh`kege, sc nerå s`chprc y duekgf cstes cspcd`cs scek eoukgektcs (heyfr e 53 Cb dfktcf ck uke g`emfkeb f årce gctcrh`kege, sc nerå s`chprc y duekgf cstes cspcd`cs scek eoukgektcs (heyfr e 53 dcb/dehpf). dcb/dehpf). Eb rceb`zer bfs dåbdubfs sc gcoc dfks`gcrer: s` cb vfbuhck cs gc 39 hB, bfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs eb euhcktf gc 799^, sfk hubpb`degfs pfr 39 y bucmf Eb rceb`zer bfs dåbdubfs sc gcoc dfks`gcrer: s` cb vfbuhck cs gc 39 hB, bfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs eb euhcktf gc 799^, sfk hubpb`degfs pfr 39 y bucmf
pfr ?9. T` cb dfktcf cs ck tfge be oesc sc hubpb`de pfr ?9, h`cktres quc equcbbfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs ck be hcg`e oesc sc hubpb`dek pfr 79. pfr ?9. T` cb dfktcf cs ck tfge be oesc sc hubpb`de pfr ?9, h`cktres quc equcbbfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs ck be hcg`e oesc sc hubpb`dek pfr 79. Tc rcpfrtek Jfs rcsubtegfs ck cb frhetf gc "Ckseyf duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk‘ (vcr ekcxf), `kg`dekgf bes cspcd`cs tôx`des y su Tc rcpfrtek Jfs rcsubtegfs ck cb frhetf gc "Ckseyf duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk‘ (vcr ekcxf), `kg`dekgf bes cspcd`cs tôx`des y su gcks`geg pfr cspcd`c. Bfs rcsubtegfs sfk cxprcsegfs ck K¹ dcb.B' gcks`geg pfr cspcd`c. Bfs rcsubtegfs sfk cxprcsegfs ck K¹ dcb.B'5 5. .     Y_CD@T@ÔK Y_CD@T@ÔK Be prcd`s`ôk cs kfrhebhcktc cxprcsege e uk k`vcb gc s`mk`l`dekd`e Be prcd`s`ôk cs kfrhebhcktc cxprcsege e uk k`vcb gc s`mk`l`dekd`e gcb 03% dfhf uke prfpfrd`ôk gc gcb 03% dfhf uke prfpfrd`ôk gc be hcg`e. be hcg`e. Ck hudnfs cstug`fs sc ne gcd`g`gf quc, dfktekgf 39 uk`gegcs gc bes Ck hudnfs cstug`fs sc ne gcd`g`gf quc, dfktekgf 39 uk`gegcs gc bes cspcd`cs gfh`kektcs, cspcd`cs gfh`kektcs, eb 03% gc s`mk`l`dekd`e, eb 03% gc s`mk`l`dekd`e, ge uke prcd`s`ôk gc ?>%, be dueb cs ge uke prcd`s`ôk gc ?>%, be dueb cs sul`d`cktc. sul`d`cktc. Euhcktekgf be prcd`s`ôk ck ?9% ô 59% sc Euhcktekgf be prcd`s`ôk ck ?9% ô 59% sc kcdcs`terèe uk euhcktf kcdcs`terèe uk euhcktf grehåt`df ck bes uk`gegcs dfkteges e 599 y grehåt`df ck bes uk`gegcs dfkteges e 599 y 799 rcspcdt`vehcktc 799 rcspcdt`vehcktc Be prcd`s`ôk sc ge pfr be Be prcd`s`ôk sc ge pfr be s`mu`cktc cdued`ôk: s`mu`cktc cdued`ôk:     Yrcd`s`ôk (%) 8 Yrcd`s`ôk (%) 8? ?* *59U 59U K¹ dcb. dfkteges K¹ dcb. dfkteges Cstå dberf quc kf cs Cstå dberf quc kf cs pfs`obc dfkter 39 uk`gegcs pfs`obc dfkter 39 uk`gegcs gc tfges bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs ck uke hucstre. gc tfges bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs ck uke hucstre. Ebmukes cspcd`cs kf pucgck scr eoukgektcs y g`sh`ku`råk Ebmukes cspcd`cs kf pucgck scr eoukgektcs y g`sh`ku`råk be prcd`s`ôk mbfoeb. be prcd`s`ôk mbfoeb. Yere hektckcr uke prcd`s`ôk edcpteobc pere be hucstre cktcre, Yere hektckcr uke prcd`s`ôk edcpteobc pere be hucstre cktcre, gcoc dfktersc uk tfteb gc pfr bf gcoc dfktersc uk tfteb gc pfr bf hckfs 399 uk`gegcs (Aerbsfk ct eb. ?959). hckfs 399 uk`gegcs (Aerbsfk ct eb. ?959).
    G Gf fk kg gc c: :       8 k`vcb gc s`mk`ded`ôk 8 k`vcb gc s`mk`ded`ôk k kgct gct 8 bèh`tc gc 8 bèh`tc gc gctcdd`ôk gctcdd`ôk     tfteb tfteb 8 kúhcrf tfteb gc dehpfs h`drfsdôp`dfs ck be 8 kúhcrf tfteb gc dehpfs h`drfsdôp`dfs ck be dåhere dåhere     dfktegfs dfktegfs 8 kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs 8 kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs 8 vfbuhck gc be suohucstre ck be dåhere 8 vfbuhck gc be suohucstre ck be dåhere    
    W@CHYF GC CKW_CME GC W@CHYF GC CKW_CME GC _CTSBWEGFT _CTSBWEGFT
    ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK CB ZFFYBEKDWFK DSHYBC SK _FB DBEC CK BE CB ZFFYBEKDWFK DSHYBC SK _FB DBEC CK BE W_EKTLC_CKD@E CKC_MÀW@DE GC BFT Y_FGSDWF_CT W_EKTLC_CKD@E CKC_MÀW@DE GC BFT Y_FGSDWF_CT Y_@HE_@FT LFWFT@KWÀW@DFT NED@E BFT K@CBCT Y_@HE_@FT LFWFT@KWÀW@DFT NED@E BFT K@CBCT W_ÔL@DFT TSYC_@F_CT (M_FTTY@CWTDN 5000, TSWNC_T & W_ÔL@DFT TSYC_@F_CT (M_FTTY@CWTDN 5000, TSWNC_T & _@TT@A ?990) _@TT@A ?990) NE T@GF CHYBCEGF DFHF @KG@DEGF_ GC DEB@GEG GC NE T@GF CHYBCEGF DFHF @KG@DEGF_ GC DEB@GEG GC EMSE GCO@GF E TS TCKT@O@B@GEG F WFBC_EKD@E E EMSE GCO@GF E TS TCKT@O@B@GEG F WFBC_EKD@E E _CT@GSFT F_MÅK@DFT P USÈH@DFT (YCG_FZF & _FDNE _CT@GSFT F_MÅK@DFT P USÈH@DFT (YCG_FZF & _FDNE ?993, @EKKEDFKC & EBE_@ÕF ?99=, LC_GFST & ?993, @EKKEDFKC & EBE_@ÕF ?99=, LC_GFST &
HSAW HSAWEG@_ ?99 EG@_ ?990, N_E ?955, EOGSBBEN ?95? 0, N_E ?955, EOGSBBEN ?95?) )     Gctcrh`ked`ôk gcb Zffpbekdtfk Gctcrh`ked`ôk gcb Zffpbekdtfk Hàtfgf G`rcdtf: Hàtfgf G`rcdtf: _ceb`zer uk `kvckter`f gc bfs _ceb`zer uk `kvckter`f gc bfs texfkcs y uk rcducktf gc texfkcs y uk rcducktf gc bfs `kg`v`gufs prcscktcs gc dege bfs `kg`v`gufs prcscktcs gc dege texôk, hcg`ektc rcgcs gc hebbe 599 β texôk, hcg`ektc rcgcs gc hebbe 599 β
    CKW_C BFT HÅT DFHSKCT GC KSCTW_E _CM@ÔK BE B@OC_WEG WCKCHFT CKW_C BFT HÅT DFHSKCT GC KSCTW_E _CM@ÔK BE B@OC_WEG WCKCHFT  Chcr`te ekebfme  Chcr`te ekebfme
    HCWFGFBFM@E GC DFBCDWE GC ZFFYBEKDWFK TCMÚK CB H@KEK HCWFGFBFM@E GC DFBCDWE GC ZFFYBEKDWFK TCMÚK CB H@KEKQ?7X Q?7X CUS@YFTP CUS@YFTP HEWC_ HEWC_@EBCT @EBCT  GC Y_FWCDD@FK GC Y_FWCDD@FK YC_TFKEB YC_TFKEB  OFWET. OFWET.  MSEKWCT GC BÅWC^. MSEKWCT GC BÅWC^.  DNEBCDF TEBE@GET (DSEKGF CB HSCTW_CF TC NEDC GCTGC SKE CHOE_DED@ÔK). DNEBCDF TEBE@GET (DSEKGF CB HSCTW_CF TC NEDC GCTGC SKE CHOE_DED@ÔK).  YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E  MYT. MYT.  L@DNE GC DEHYF (EKC^F 5). L@DNE GC DEHYF (EKC^F 5).  BÅY@DCT P HE_DEGF_CT GC W@KWE @KGCBCOBC. BÅY@DCT P HE_DEGF_CT GC W@KWE @KGCBCOBC.  CW@USCWET GC YEYCB _CT@TWCKWC EB EMSE. CW@USCWET GC YEYCB _CT@TWCKWC EB EMSE.  L_ETDFT GC 39, 599 P ?99 HB YE_E BET HSCTW_ET. L_ETDFT GC 39, 599 P ?99 HB YE_E BET HSCTW_ET.  OEBGCT GC 3 OEBGCT GC 3 B@W_FT GC DEYED@GEG. B@W_FT GC DEYED@GEG.  _CG GC YBEKDWFK (KPWEB <9 Β, =9 _CG GC YBEKDWFK (KPWEB <9 Β, =9 Β, GC EOC_WS_E GC YF_F). Β, GC EOC_WS_E GC YF_F).  
CUS@YF HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F YF_WÅW@B (YE_E EKÅB@T@T LÈT@DF USÈH@DFT @K T@WS: CUS@YF HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F YF_WÅW@B (YE_E EKÅB@T@T LÈT@DF USÈH@DFT @K T@WS:  WCHYC_E WCHYC_EWS_E, F^ÈMCKF WS_E, F^ÈMCKF G@TSCB G@TSCBWF, YN, WF, YN, DFKGSDW@@GEG CBÀDW_@DE). DFKGSDW@@GEG CBÀDW_@DE).  D@KWE GC CHOEBEJC. D@KWE GC CHOEBEJC.      _CEDW@F YÅ_  _CEDW@F YÅ_E BE E BEL@JED@FK G L@JED@FK GC BE H C BE HSCTW_E SCTW_E Tfbud`ôk gc lfrhfb eb 7-3%. Tfbud`ôk gc lfrhfb eb 7-3%. • • WÀDK@DET GC WÀDK@DET GC DFBCDW DFBCDWE E DSEKGF TC W_EWE GC CTWSG@FT WE^FKÔH@DFT (DSEB@WEW@F), DSEKGF TC W_EWE GC CTWSG@FT WE^FKÔH@DFT (DSEB@WEW@F), TC _CEB@ZE_Å TC _CEB@ZE_Å HCG@EKWC E__ETW_CT NF_@ZFKWEBCT P HCG@EKWC E__ETW_CT NF_@ZFKWEBCT P C_W C_W@DEBCT, BFT DSEBCT @DEBCT, BFT DSEBCT TC_ÅK @KWCKT@FT P GCOC_ÅK TC_ÅK @KWCKT@FT P GCOC_ÅK EOE_D EOE_DE_ M_EK Y E_ M_EK YE_WC GCB E_WC GCB CDFT@T CDFT@TWCHE WCHE CK CB CK CB DETF GC BEMFT DETF GC BEMFT FB@MFW_ÔL@DFT, G@TH@KSPCKGF FB@MFW_ÔL@DFT, G@TH@KSPCKGF BE BE @KWCKT@GEG @KWCKT@GEG DSEKGF TC DSEKGF TC W_EWE GC BEMFT HCTF P CSW_ÔL@DFT. W_EWE GC BEMFT HCTF P CSW_ÔL@DFT. T@ T@ TC TC US@C_C US@C_C DFKFDC_ DFKFDC_ BE BE Y_FGSDD@ÔK Y_FGSDD@ÔK TCDSKGE_@E TCDSKGE_@E GCB GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK, CB HÀWFGF CHYBCEGF ZFFYBEKDWFK, CB HÀWFGF CHYBCEGF TC_Å CB GC TC_Å CB GC L@B L@BW_EGF GC W_EGF GC FBÚHCKCT GC EMSE E W_E FBÚHCKCT GC EMSE E W_EÀT GC ÀT GC BET _CGCT BET _CGCT GC YBEKDWFK GC YBEKDWFK GC GC <9 F =9 Β GC <9 F =9 Β GC EOC_WS_E EOC_WS_E GC HEBBE. CB FBSHCK G GC HEBBE. CB FBSHCK GC C EMSE EMSE
L@BW_EGF WEHO@ÀK GCYCKGC_Å GCB CTWEGF W_ÔL@DF GCB L@BW_EGF WEHO@ÀK GCYCKGC_Å GCB CTWEGF W_ÔL@DF GCB CDFT@TWCHE. CDFT@TWCHE.     • • @GCKW@L@DED@FK GC ZFFYBEKDWFK @GCKW@L@DED@FK GC ZFFYBEKDWFK • • CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC BEOF_EWF_@F CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC BEOF_EWF_@F • • H@D_FTDFY@F DFHYSCTWF H@D_FTDFY@F DFHYSCTWF CUS@Y CUS@YEGF DFK FDSBE_CT GC EGF DFK FDSBE_CT GC 59 F 59 F 5?.3, P FOJCW@FT GC 59^, 79^ P 599^. 5?.3, P FOJCW@FT GC 59^, 79^ P 599^. • • DÅHE_E G@M@WEB DÅHE_E G@M@WEBEDFYBEGE EB H@D_FTDFY@F. EDFYBEGE EB H@D_FTDFY@F. BÅH@KET P BÅH@KET P BEH@K@BBET GC ??^79 P ??^??. DÅHE_E GC TCGM]@DA-_ELWC_. BEH@K@BBET GC ??^79 P ??^??. DÅHE_E GC TCGM]@DA-_ELWC_. • • MFWC_FT. MFWC_FT. Y@YCW Y@YCWET. ET. • • CTW@BCWCT P Y@KZET. CTW@BCWCT P Y@KZET. • • DFBF_EKWCT (_FJF GC DFBF_EKWCT (_FJF GC OCKMEBE). MB@DC_@KE OCKMEBE). MB@DC_@KE (5 %). (5 %). • • MSÈET P DBE MSÈET P DBECT GC CT GC @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK. @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK. • • ETCMS_EH@CKWF GC BE DEB@GEG ETCMS_EH@CKWF GC BE DEB@GEG • • DFBCDWE DFBCDWE • • Y_CYE_E_ Y_CYE_E_ SK SK LF_HEWF LF_HEWF USC USC _CTSHE _CTSHE GC GC LF_HE LF_HE DBE_E DBE_E P P
G@GÅDW@DE G@GÅDW@DE BFT Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT BFT Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT E E GCTE__FBBE_ CK CB GCTE__FBBE_ CK CB W_EOEJF GC DEHYF. W_EOEJF GC DEHYF.     @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P EKÅB@T@T GC BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P EKÅB@T@T GC BE HSCTW_E HSCTW_E • • DEYED@WE_ EB YC_TFKEB CK BE EYB@DED@ÔK DF__CDWE DEYED@WE_ EB YC_TFKEB CK BE EYB@DED@ÔK DF__CDWE GC GC DEGE DEGE Y_FDCG@H@CKWF Y_FDCG@H@CKWF F F STF STF GC GC CUS@YFT. CUS@YFT. • • DEB@O_E_ BFT CUS@YFT P BFT HÀWFGFT GC LF_HE DEB@O_E_ BFT CUS@YFT P BFT HÀWFGFT GC LF_HE _CMSBE_. _CMSBE_. • • CK@E_ CK@E_ HSCTW_ET HSCTW_ET GSYB@DEGET GSYB@DEGET Y YE_E E_E CB CB EKÅB@T@T EKÅB@T@T (@GCKW@L@ (@GCKW@L@DED@ÔK DED@ÔK P P _CDSCKWF) _CDSCKWF) E E BEOF_E BEOF_EWF_@FT WF_@FT C^WC_KFT, GC TC_ YFT@OBC E SK CTYCD@EB@TWE CK C^WC_KFT, GC TC_ YFT@OBC E SK CTYCD@EB@TWE CK WE^FKFHÈE P _CDSCKWF GC YBEKDWFK. WE^FKFHÈE P _CDSCKWF GC YBEKDWFK. • • WFGFT WFGFT BFT BFT _CTSB _CTSBW WEGFT EGFT GC GC BET BET HCG@GET HCG@GET CLCDWSEGET CLCDWSEGET CK CK DEHYF DEHYF P P GC GC BFT BFT EKÅB@T@T EKÅB@T@T CK CK BEOF_E BEOF_EWF_@F WF_@F TC TC DFKL_FKWE_EK YE_E @GCKW@L@DE_ CB M_EGF GC DFKL_FKWE_EK YE_E @GCKW@L@DE_ CB M_EGF GC
DF__CTYFKGCKD@E. DF__CTYFKGCKD@E.     Y_FWFDFBF YE_E BE FOWCKD@ÔK GC Y_FWFDFBF YE_E BE FOWCKD@ÔK GC GE GEWFT FDCEKFM_ÅL WFT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DFT P @DFT P YBEKDWFK YBEKDWFK(?<) (?<)      CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF   YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF: BEKDNE  YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF: BEKDNE   DWG TCE O@_G TO-50  DWG TCE O@_G TO-50    OFWCBBE K@TA@K GC 3 B  OFWCBBE K@TA@K GC 3 B   G@TDF TCDDN@  G@TDF TCDDN@   _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E ZFFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, ?39 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)  _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E ZFFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, ?39 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)   _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E L@WFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, <9 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)  _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E L@WFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, <9 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)   Y_FLSKGÈHCW_F  Y_FLSKGÈHCW_F   YNHCW_F  YNHCW_F    LBSJÔHCW_F  LBSJÔHCW_F   TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F  TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F   LBSF_ÔHCW_F  LBSF_ÔHCW_F   MYT  MYT   WE__FT GC 39, 399 P 4>99 HB  WE__FT GC 39, 399 P 4>99 HB   LF_HFB OSLC_@ZEGF EB 7 %  LF_HFB OSLC_@ZEGF EB 7 %
  KCC_E  KCC_E   N@CBF TCDF  N@CBF TCDF   DB@KÔHCW_F  DB@KÔHCW_F     HÀWFGF GC HSCTW_CF HÀWFGF GC HSCTW_CF TC _CEB@ZE CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF E OF_GF GC BE TC _CEB@ZE CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF E OF_GF GC BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EB T@W@F TCBCDD@FKEGF YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EB T@W@F TCBCDD@FKEGF GC HFK@WF_CF. GC HFK@WF_CF. TC Y_FDCGC E _CM@TW_E_ CK TC Y_FDCGC E _CM@TW_E_ CK BE L@DNE BE L@DNE GC DEHYF, BE LCDNE, NF_E, Y_FLSKG@GEG P YFT@D@ÔK GC DEHYF, BE LCDNE, NF_E, Y_FLSKG@GEG P YFT@D@ÔK MCFM_ÅL@DE BE TCDSCKD@E GC HFK@WF_CF CTWÅ MCFM_ÅL@DE BE TCDSCKD@E GC HFK@WF_CF CTWÅ DFKLF_HEGE YF_ DSEW_F YETFT Y_@KD@YEBCT: DFKLF_HEGE YF_ DSEW_F YETFT Y_@KD@YEBCT: 5. 5. _CM@TW_F DFKW@KSF GC YE_ÅHCW_FT WC_HFNEB@KFT _CM@TW_F DFKW@KSF GC YE_ÅHCW_FT WC_HFNEB@KFT CK BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE. CK BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE. ?. ?. _CM@TW_F GC BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC _CM@TW_F GC BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE. EMSE.
4. 4. DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_ET G@TD_CWET GC EMSE E DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_ET G@TD_CWET GC EMSE E Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTWÅKGE_. Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTWÅKGE_.     • • BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE TC CTWEOBCDC BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE TC CTWEOBCDC DFK SK G@TDF TCDDN@. DFK SK G@TDF TCDDN@. • • Y YE_E E_E WFHE_ BET HSCTW_E WFHE_ BET HSCTW_ET G@TD_CWET T G@TD_CWET GC GC EMSE TC EMSE TC SW@B SW@B@ZE @ZE SKE OFWCBBE SKE OFWCBBE K@TA@K USC K@TA@K USC TC NEDC GCT TC NEDC GCTDCKGC_ E DCKGC_ EBET BET Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTW Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTWÅKGE_: 9, 59, 49 P 39 H. SKE CZ BE ÅKGE_: 9, 59, 49 P 39 H. SKE CZ BE OFWCBBE _CM_CTE E BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF TC OFWCBBE _CM_CTE E BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF TC Y_FDCGC Y_FDCGC E E WFHE_ WFHE_ CB CB _CM@TW_F G@_CDWF _CM@TW_F G@_CDWF GC GC F^ÈMCKF F^ÈMCKF G@TSCBWF, WCHYC_EWS_E P TEB@K@GEG SW@B@ZEKGF SKE G@TSCBWF, WCHYC_EWS_E P TEB@K@GEG SW@B@ZEKGF SKE TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F PT@ TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F PT@ • • TC CTWEOBCDC CB EBF_ GC YN SW@B@ZEKGF SK YNHCW_F TC CTWEOBCDC CB EBF_ GC YN SW@B@ZEKGF SK YNHCW_F Y_C@EHCKWC DEB@O_EGF Y_C@EHCKWC DEB@O_EGF • • TC WFHE SKE EBÈDSFWE GC 3 HB YE_E _CM@TW_E_ BE TC WFHE SKE EBÈDSFWE GC 3 HB YE_E _CM@TW_E_ BE DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@B DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BE-E CK @F P E-E CK @F PWS_O@GCZ WS_O@GCZ
SW@B@ZEKGF SK LBSF_ÔHCW_F YF_WÅW@B DEB@O_EGF. SW@B@ZEKGF SK LBSF_ÔHCW_F YF_WÅW@B DEB@O_EGF.     YE_E DFBCDWE_ CB YBEKDWFK TC YE_E DFBCDWE_ CB YBEKDWFK TC _CEB@ZEK E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT _CEB@ZEK E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT YE_E CB ZFFYBEKDWFK YE_E CB ZFFYBEKDWFK BFT E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT TC _CEB@ZEK E SKE Y_FLSKG@GEG BFT E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT TC _CEB@ZEK E SKE Y_FLSKG@GEG USC GCYCKGC GC BE Y_FLSKG@GEG GC BE CTWED@ÔK (YE_E CB USC GCYCKGC GC BE Y_FLSKG@GEG GC BE CTWED@ÔK (YE_E CB YKK MF_MFKE, BE Y_FLSKG@GEG HÅ^@HE SW@B@ZEGE CT 39 H). YKK MF_MFKE, BE Y_FLSKG@GEG HÅ^@HE SW@B@ZEGE CT 39 H). E BE _CG TC EJSTWE SK YCTF USC YC_H@WC USC CTWE BBCMSC E BE _CG TC EJSTWE SK YCTF USC YC_H@WC USC CTWE BBCMSC NETWE BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. NETWE BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. CK BE OFDE GC BE _CG TC @KTWEBE SK LBSJÔHCW_F USC CT CK BE OFDE GC BE _CG TC @KTWEBE SK LBSJÔHCW_F USC CT OÅT@DEHCKWC SKE NÀB@DC USC M@_E DFK CB YETF GCB EMSE, OÅT@DEHCKWC SKE NÀB@DC USC M@_E DFK CB YETF GCB EMSE, _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC M@_FT GS_EKWC CB E__ETW_C P CTWC _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC M@_FT GS_EKWC CB E__ETW_C P CTWC GEWF YC_H@WC DEBDSBE_ YFTWC_@F_HCKWC CB FBSHCK GC GEWF YC_H@WC DEBDSBE_ YFTWC_@F_HCKWC CB FBSHCK GC EMSE L@BW_EGF USC TC SW@B@ZE_Å YE_E CTWEKGE_@ZE_ BE EMSE L@BW_EGF USC TC SW@B@ZE_Å YE_E CTWEKGE_@ZE_ BE
EOSKGEKD@E GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK. EOSKGEKD@E GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK.     • • CK CB C^W_CHF GC CK CB C^W_CHF GC BE _CG TC SO@DE SK DFBCDWF_, CK CB USC BE _CG TC SO@DE SK DFBCDWF_, CK CB USC USCGE_Å CB USCGE_Å CB ZFFYBEKDWFK GCTYSÀT GC USC CB EMSE NE YETEGF YF_ BFT YF_FT GC BE ZFFYBEKDWFK GCTYSÀT GC USC CB EMSE NE YETEGF YF_ BFT YF_FT GC BE _CG. CK CB HFHCKWF CK CB USC BE _CG TC DFBFDE CK CB EMSE, BE _CG. CK CB HFHCKWF CK CB USC BE _CG TC DFBFDE CK CB EMSE, BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EEKZE E SKE CBFD@GEG DFKTWEKWC (7 -> YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EEKZE E SKE CBFD@GEG DFKTWEKWC (7 -> AH∐N-5), P TC CHY@CZE E _CM@TW_E_ CB W@CHYF, NETWE USC BE _CG EBDEKZE AH∐N-5), P TC CHY@CZE E _CM@TW_E_ CB W@CHYF, NETWE USC BE _CG EBDEKZE BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. E YE_W@_ GC CTWC HFHCKWF TC DSCKWEK BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. E YE_W@_ GC CTWC HFHCKWF TC DSCKWEK T@CWC H@KSWFT P YETEGF CTWC W@CHYF TC DFH@CKZE E _CDFMC_ BE _CG. T@CWC H@KSWFT P YETEGF CTWC W@CHYF TC DFH@CKZE E _CDFMC_ BE _CG. L@KEBHCKWC TC WFHE CB W@CHYF USC TC GCHF_E BE _CG CK TEB@_ E BE L@KEBHCKWC TC WFHE CB W@CHYF USC TC GCHF_E BE _CG CK TEB@_ E BE TSYC_L@D@C. YE_E DEBDSBE_ BE Y_FLSKG@GEG _CEB E BE DSEB NE TSYC_L@D@C. YE_E DEBDSBE_ BE Y_FLSKG@GEG _CEB E BE DSEB NE BBCMEGF BE _CG GC ZFFYBEKDWFK, TC SW@B@ZE SK DB@KÔHCW_F YE_E BBCMEGF BE _CG GC ZFFYBEKDWFK, TC SW@B@ZE SK DB@KÔHCW_F YE_E HCG@_ CB ÅKMSBF USC LF_HE CB DEOF GC BE _CG DFK _CTYCDWF EB CJC P HCG@_ CB ÅKMSBF USC LF_HE CB DEOF GC BE _CG DFK _CTYCDWF EB CJC P H@CKW_ET BE _CG TC CKDSCKW_E CK BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE YE_E H@CKW_ET BE _CG TC CKDSCKW_E CK BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE YE_E CB E__ETW_C. SKE CZ BE _CG TEBC E TSYC_L@D@C P TC SO@DE EB @KWC_@F_ CB E__ETW_C. SKE CZ BE _CG TEBC E TSYC_L@D@C P TC SO@DE EB @KWC_@F_ GC BE CHOE_DED@ÔK, TC YETE CB DFKWCK@GF GCB DFBCDWF_ E SK WE__F GC BE CHOE_DED@ÔK, TC YETE CB DFKWCK@GF GCB DFBCDWF_ E SK WE__F GC 399 HB P TC L@JE DFK LF_HFB EB 7%. YE_E BFT E__ETW_CT GC GC 399 HB P TC L@JE DFK LF_HFB EB 7%. YE_E BFT E__ETW_CT GC ZFFYBEKDWFK TC _CDFH@CKGE CB STF GC SKE _CG OFKMF, BE DSEB C@WE ZFFYBEKDWFK TC _CDFH@CKGE CB STF GC SKE _CG OFKMF, BE DSEB C@WE USC F_MEK@THFT GC HEPF_ WEHEÕF GCWCDWCK BE _CG, PE USC E USC F_MEK@THFT GC HEPF_ WEHEÕF GCWCDWCK BE _CG, PE USC E
G@LC_CKD@E GC BE _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC KF W@CKC CB DEOF CK L_CKWC GC G@LC_CKD@E GC BE _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC KF W@CKC CB DEOF CK L_CKWC GC TST EOC_WS_ET TST EOC_WS_ET     CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC BET HSCTW_ET CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC BET HSCTW_ET • • WFGFT BFT L_ETDFT GC YBÅTW@DF USC TC SW@B@ZEK YE_E WFGFT BFT L_ETDFT GC YBÅTW@DF USC TC SW@B@ZEK YE_E DFBCDWE_ BET HSCTW_ET GC EMSE, PE TCE YE_E CB EKÅB@T@T DFBCDWE_ BET HSCTW_ET GC EMSE, PE TCE YE_E CB EKÅB@T@T GC KSW_@CKWCT F YE_E DSEKW@L@DE_ CB HEWC_@EB GC KSW_@CKWCT F YE_E DSEKW@L@DE_ CB HEWC_@EB F_MÅK@DF YE_W@DSBEGF, TC _FWSBEK P CW@USCWEK DFK F_MÅK@DF YE_W@DSBEGF, TC _FWSBEK P CW@USCWEK DFK D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_ CK BE YE_WC C^WC_KE. CK CTWE D@KWE D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_ CK BE YE_WC C^WC_KE. CK CTWE D@KWE TC _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC BE CTWED@ÔK P BE Y_FLSKG@GEG TC _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC BE CTWED@ÔK P BE Y_FLSKG@GEG GC Y_FDCGCKD@E GC BE HSCTW_E. GC Y_FDCGCKD@E GC BE HSCTW_E. • • BFT WE__FT GC 399 HB DFK BET HSCTW_ET GC YBEKDWFK, BFT WE__FT GC 399 HB DFK BET HSCTW_ET GC YBEKDWFK, BBCEK SKE CW@USCWE C^WC_KE GC D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_, BBCEK SKE CW@USCWE C^WC_KE GC D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_, ETÈ DFHF SKE CW@USCWE @KWC_KE GC YEYCB YC_MEH@KF DFK ETÈ DFHF SKE CW@USCWE @KWC_KE GC YEYCB YC_MEH@KF DFK BE T@MS@CKWC @KLF_HED@ÔK: BFDEB@GEG, LCDNE, NF_E, BE T@MS@CKWC @KLF_HED@ÔK: BFDEB@GEG, LCDNE, NF_E,
CTWED@ÔK, DFKWCF GCB LBSJÔHCW_F P E__ETW_C EB USC CTWED@ÔK, DFKWCF GCB LBSJÔHCW_F P E__ETW_C EB USC YC_WCKCDC (ZFFYBEKDWFK F L@WFYBEKDWFK). YC_WCKCDC (ZFFYBEKDWFK F L@WFYBEKDWFK).     Y_FWFDFBF CK BEOF_EWF_@F Y_FWFDFBF CK BEOF_EWF_@F CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF   L@DNET WÀDK@DET  L@DNET WÀDK@DET    L@BW_FT YE_E DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK P ZFFYBEKDWFK (<9 ΒH)  L@BW_FT YE_E DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK P ZFFYBEKDWFK (<9 ΒH)   Y@KZET L@KET P YBEKET  Y@KZET L@KET P YBEKET   EMSE GCTW@BEGE  EMSE GCTW@BEGE   A@W  A@W K@W_E K@W_EWFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF5707? WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF5707?   A@W K@W_@WFT (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57==<  A@W K@W_@WFT (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57==<   A@W EHFK@F (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57=3?  A@W EHFK@F (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57=3?   A@W  A@W LFTLE LFTLE WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57>7> WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57>7>    A@W  A@W T@B@DE T@B@DEWFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57=07 WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57=07   WSOFT GC CKTEPF  WSOFT GC CKTEPF   Y@YCWET GC 5 P 3 HB  Y@YCWET GC 5 P 3 HB   CTYCDW_FLFWÔHCW_F HC_DA KFE <9  CTYCDW_FLFWÔHCW_F HC_DA KFE <9   OETC YE_E L@BW_ED@ÔK  OETC YE_E L@BW_ED@ÔK   OFHOE GC EDÈF  OFHOE GC EDÈF   Y_FOCWE GC 5999 HB  Y_FOCWE GC 5999 HB
    Y_FDCTEGF GC HSCTW_ET Y_FDCTEGF GC HSCTW_ET • • YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P DFKWCF GC BFT M_EKGCT M_SYFT YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P DFKWCF GC BFT M_EKGCT M_SYFT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE CK GFT YE_WCT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE CK GFT YE_WCT @MSEBCT DFK SK DSE_WCEGF_. DFK BE H@WEG GC BE @MSEBCT DFK SK DSE_WCEGF_. DFK BE H@WEG GC BE HSCTW_E, F DFK BE WFWEB@GEG GC BE HSCTW_E GCB TCMSKGF HSCTW_E, F DFK BE WFWEB@GEG GC BE HSCTW_E GCB TCMSKGF DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF), TC _CEB@ZE BE DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF), TC _CEB@ZE BE CTW@HED@ÔK GC BE O@FHETE GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK, T@MS@CKGF CTW@HED@ÔK GC BE O@FHETE GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK, T@MS@CKGF CB Y_FWFDFBF Y_FYSCTWF YF_ YFTWCB CW EB. (?999). CB Y_FWFDFBF Y_FYSCTWF YF_ YFTWCB CW EB. (?999).
    • • YE_E CTWF, Y_@HC_F TC CB@H@KE CB C^DCTF GC EMSE GC BET HSCTW_ET GC YE_E CTWF, Y_@HC_F TC CB@H@KE CB C^DCTF GC EMSE GC BET HSCTW_ET GC ZFFYBEKDWFK HCG@EKWC L@BW_ED@ÔK E W_EÀT GC L@BW_FT GC DCBSBFTE ZFFYBEKDWFK HCG@EKWC L@BW_ED@ÔK E W_EÀT GC L@BW_FT GC DCBSBFTE (Y_C@EHCKWC YCTEGFT) (L@MS_E 7>), BFT DSEBCT GCTYSÀT TFK GCYFT@WEGFT (Y_C@EHCKWC YCTEGFT) (L@MS_E 7>), BFT DSEBCT GCTYSÀT TFK GCYFT@WEGFT CK SK TFO_C GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F JSKWF DFK BE HSCTW_E GC ZFFYBEKDWFK CK SK TFO_C GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F JSKWF DFK BE HSCTW_E GC ZFFYBEKDWFK YE_E TC_ YCTEGFT, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC ETÈ CB YCTF NÚHCGF GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK. YE_E TC_ YCTEGFT, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC ETÈ CB YCTF NÚHCGF GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK. YE_E FOWCKC_ CB YCTF TCDF, BET HSCTW_ET TC DFBFDEK CK SK NF_KF E <9¹D YE_E FOWCKC_ CB YCTF TCDF, BET HSCTW_ET TC DFBFDEK CK SK NF_KF E <9¹D GS_EKWC ?7 F 7> NF_ET, GCYCKG@CKGF GC BE DFHYFT@D@ÔK GC BE HSCTW_E GS_EKWC ?7 F 7> NF_ET, GCYCKG@CKGF GC BE DFHYFT@D@ÔK GC BE HSCTW_E (HEPF_ W@CHYF T@ NEP HÅT DEKW@GEG GC F_MEK@THFT MCBEW@KFTFT). (HEPF_ W@CHYF T@ NEP HÅT DEKW@GEG GC F_MEK@THFT MCBEW@KFTFT). W_EKTDS__@GF CTWC W@CHYF BET HSCTW_ET TC GCJEK CKL_@E_ GS_EKWC 49 W_EKTDS__@GF CTWC W@CHYF BET HSCTW_ET TC GCJEK CKL_@E_ GS_EKWC 49 H@KSWFT, YE_E BF DSEB TC @KW_FGSDCK CK SK GCTCDEGF_ DFK TÈB@DE, H@KSWFT, YE_E BF DSEB TC @KW_FGSDCK CK SK GCTCDEGF_ DFK TÈB@DE, C@WEKGF ETÈ USC EGUS@C_EK KSCEHCKWC NSHCGEG. YFTWC_@F_HCKWC, BET C@WEKGF ETÈ USC EGUS@C_EK KSCEHCKWC NSHCGEG. YFTWC_@F_HCKWC, BET HSCTW_ET TC YCTEK, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC BE O@FHETE YF_ G@LC_CKD@E GC YCTF HSCTW_ET TC YCTEK, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC BE O@FHETE YF_ G@LC_CKD@E GC YCTF (YCTF TCDF - (YCTF L@BW_F + YCTF TFO_C EBSH@K@F)). BE O@FHETE FOWCK@GE, TC (YCTF TCDF - (YCTF L@BW_F + YCTF TFO_C EBSH@K@F)). BE O@FHETE FOWCK@GE, TC CTWEKGE_@ZE YF_ CB FBSHCK GC EMSE L@BW_EGF YE_E DEGE CTWED@ÔK. CTWEKGE_@ZE YF_ CB FBSHCK GC EMSE L@BW_EGF YE_E DEGE CTWED@ÔK. • • YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK TC SW@B@ZE BE FW_E H@WEG GC BE YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK TC SW@B@ZE BE FW_E H@WEG GC BE HSCTW_E F BE HSCTW_E DFKWCK@GE CK CB Y_@HC_ DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC HSCTW_E F BE HSCTW_E DFKWCK@GE CK CB Y_@HC_ DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF). TÈ BE HSCTW_E CT HSP GCKTE, TC _CDFH@CKGE STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF). TÈ BE HSCTW_E CT HSP GCKTE, TC _CDFH@CKGE
L_EDD@FKE_BE YE_E LED@B@WE_ BE _C@T@ÔK. BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE DFK L_EDD@FKE_BE YE_E LED@B@WE_ BE _C@T@ÔK. BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE DFK SK DSE_WCEGF_ NETWE FOWCKC_ SKE TSOHSCTW_E CUS@EBCKWC E ¸, ² F ⅑ SK DSE_WCEGF_ NETWE FOWCKC_ SKE TSOHSCTW_E CUS@EBCKWC E ¸, ² F ⅑ GCBWFWEB. GCBWFWEB.     CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC HSCTW_ET CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC HSCTW_ET • • BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F CK BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F CK BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE YE_W@DSBEGE TC BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE YE_W@DSBEGE TC CW@USCWEK DFK: BE BFDEB@GEG, BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB CW@USCWEK DFK: BE BFDEB@GEG, BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB L@BW_F, L@BW_F, BE BE CTWED@ÔK CTWED@ÔK P P BE BE Y_FLSK Y_FLSKG@GEG G@GEG, , STEKG STEKGF F BE BE WÀDK@DE WÀDK@DE GC GC M_EOEGF. M_EOEGF. BFT BFT TFO_CT GC TFO_CT GC Y YEYCB EYCB EBSH@K@F CK EBSH@K@F CK BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE O@FHETE BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE O@FHETE ZFFYBEKDWÔK@DE, GCOCK CW@USCWE_TC DFK BE BFDEB@GEG, ZFFYBEKDWÔK@DE, GCOCK CW@USCWE_TC DFK BE BFDEB@GEG, BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB L@BW_F P BE CTWED@ÔK, STEKGF BE BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB L@BW_F P BE CTWED@ÔK, STEKGF BE H@THE H@THE WÀDK@ WÀDK@DE. TC DE. TC STE STE BE BE WÀDK@ WÀDK@DE DE GCB GCB M_EOEG M_EOEGF Y F YE_E E_E HE_DE_ BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F, GCO@GF E USC BE HE_DE_ BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F, GCO@GF E USC BE W@KWE GC SK HE_DEGF_ F SK _EY@GÔM_ELF YFG_ÈE W@KWE GC SK HE_DEGF_ F SK _EY@GÔM_ELF YFG_ÈE
OF__E_TC GCTYSÀT GC TFHCWC_TC E EBWET WCHYC_EWS_ET. OF__E_TC GCTYSÀT GC TFHCWC_TC E EBWET WCHYC_EWS_ET.     EBMSKFT W_EOEJFT EBMSKFT W_EOEJFT • • @DW@FYBEKDWFK @DW@FYBEKDWFK P P ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK GS_EKWC BE GS_EKWC BE Y_FTYCDD@FK Y_FTYCDD@FK GCB GCB _CDBSWEH@CKWF _CDBSWEH@CKWF GC GC _CDS_TFT YCBEM@DFT 009< _CDS_TFT YCBEM@DFT 009< Q?=X Q?=X     _CTSBWEGFT _CTSBWEGFT CB CB ZFFYBEKD ZFFYBEKDWFK CTWSF WFK CTWSF DFKLF_HE DFKLF_HEGF YF_ GF YF_ DFYÀYFGF DFYÀYFGFT, T, USCWFMKEWFT, USCWFMKEWFT, T@LFKÔLF_F T@LFKÔLF_FT, T, CSLÅST@GFT, CSLÅST@GFT, GCDÅYFGFT, GCDÅYFGFT, CKW_C FW_FT, CKW_C FW_FT, T@CKGF BFT T@CKGF BFT DFYÀYFGFT DFYÀYFGFT BFT BFT USC USC Y_CTCKWE_FK Y_CTCKWE_FK CB CB HEPF_ HEPF_ KÚHC_F KÚHC_F GC GC CTYCD@C CTYCD@CT. T. E E K@CB K@CB GC GC @KG@DEGF_CT @KG@DEGF_CT O@FBÔM@DFT, O@FBÔM@DFT, TC TC GCWC_H@KÔ GCWC_H@KÔ BE BE Y_CTCKD@E Y_CTCKD@E GC GC BET BET CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET GC CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET GC BET BET EMSET EMSET DFTWC_ET DFTWC_ET L_ÈET L_ÈET (EDL): (EDL):  CSDEBEKST  CSDEBEKST @KC_H@T @KC_H@T P P DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST1 DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST1 EGCHÅT EGCHÅT TC TC FOTC_Ô FOTC_Ô BE BE Y_CTCKD@ Y_CTCKD@E E GC GC DFYÀYFGFT DFYÀYFGFT Y_FY@FT Y_FY@FT GC BET EMSET GC BET EMSET TSOW_FY@DEBCT TSOW_FY@DEBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT (ETT) (ETT) DFHF DFHF FKDECE DFKÈLC_E. FKDECE DFKÈLC_E. BE Y_CTCKD@E GC CTWET BE Y_CTCKD@E GC CTWET CTYCD@CT CK CTYCD@CT CK BE BE ZFKE ZFKE GC GC HSCTW_CF CT HSCTW_CF CT DFKDF_GEKWC DFKDF_GEKWC DFK BET DFKG@D@FKCT DFK BET DFKG@D@FKCT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET CKDFKW_EGET CKDFKW_EGET YF_ YF_ HF_ÔK P HF_ÔK P D_@TYLK( D_@TYLK(5000), US@CK 5000), US@CKCT GCTD_@OCK CK CT GCTD_@OCK CK CTWE CTWE ZFKE ZFKE DE_EDWC DE_EDWC_ÈTW@DET _ÈTW@DET GC BET GC BET EDL ESKUSC EDL ESKUSC DFK SKE DFK SKE
TEB@K@GEG B@MC_EHCKWC TEB@K@GEG B@MC_EHCKWC CBCEGE YF_ CBCEGE YF_ CB CBEDC_DEH EDC_DEH@CKWF @CKWF GC GC BET BET ETT ETT     @KLF_HC GC BET @KLF_HC GC BET DFKG@D@FKCT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET P O@FBÔM@DF YCTUSC_ET JSK@F DFKG@D@FKCT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET P O@FBÔM@DF YCTUSC_ET JSK@F ?95< ?95<Q?0X Q?0X     DFKG@D@FKCT L_CK DFKG@D@FKCT L_CKWC E BE DFTWE Y WC E BE DFTWE YC_SEKE C_SEKE @KG@DEGF_CT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK @KG@DEGF_CT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK • • YC_L@B YC_L@B YE@W YE@WE E GS_EKWC CB HCT GC JSK@F TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT GS_EKWC CB HCT GC JSK@F TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST  DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST   P  P  CSDEBEKST @KC  CSDEBEKST @KC_H@T  _H@T  , @KG@DEGF_CT GC EMSET DFTWC_ET , @KG@DEGF_CT GC EMSET DFTWC_ET L_ÈET (EDL), CK L_ÈET (EDL), CK DET@ WFGE CB Å_CE DET@ WFGE CB Å_CE CEBSEGE. ET@H@THF TC FOTC_E_FK NSCFT GC EKDNFCWE GCKW_F GC BET 55 HK. CEBSEGE. ET@H@THF TC FOTC_E_FK NSCFT GC EKDNFCWE GCKW_F GC BET 55 HK. • • YC_L@B DN@DEHE YC_L@B DN@DEHE  TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT D. O_EDN@EWST P C. @KC_H@T, CTYCD@CT ETFD@EGET E  TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT D. O_EDN@EWST P C. @KC_H@T, CTYCD@CT ETFD@EGET E EDL, GCKW_F GC BET 53 HK, BFT DFYÀYFGFT EDL, GCKW_F GC BET 53 HK, BFT DFYÀYFGFT  EDE_W@E  EDE_W@E GEKEC, GEKEC, DEBFDEBEKST DEBFDEBEKST Y YEF EF    C C  @TNKFDEBEKST YBSHSBFTST   @TNKFDEBEKST YBSHSBFTST  , CTYCD@CT @KG@DEGF_ET GC ETT, YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK P CB , CTYCD@CT @KG@DEGF_ET GC ETT, YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK P CB DFYÀYFGF DFYÀYFGF D. LS_DEWST  D. LS_DEWST  , CTYCD@C ETFD@EGE E ECT, E 599 HK GC BE DFTWE, (L@MS_E 79). EB , CTYCD@C ETFD@EGE E ECT, E 599 HK GC BE DFTWE, (L@MS_E 79). EB  K@CB  K@CB GCB GCB @DW@FYBEKDWFK @DW@FYBEKDWFK TC TC GCWC_H@KÔ GCWC_H@KÔ BE BE Y_CTCKD@E Y_CTCKD@E GC GC BE_ BE_ET ET GC GC ‒EKDNFCWE‘ ‒EKDNFCWE‘  CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT   CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT   BFDEB@ZEGFT E 53 HK GC BE DFTWE, CK WEKWF USC NSCFT P BE_ET  BFDEB@ZEGFT E 53 HK GC BE DFTWE, CK WEKWF USC NSCFT P BE_ET
GC GC @KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E @KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E LSC_FK GCWC_H@KEGFT YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK GC BE DFTWE.  LSC_FK GCWC_H@KEGFT YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK GC BE DFTWE. CK BE DEYE TSYC_L@D@EB TC _CM@TW_Ô EBF_CT GC O@FFBÚHCKCT CKW_C 9,7= P ?3,00 CK BE DEYE TSYC_L@D@EB TC _CM@TW_Ô EBF_CT GC O@FFBÚHCKCT CKW_C 9,7= P ?3,00 HB/599H4, DFK SK Y_FHCG@F GC >,<4 HB/5994, GFKGC CB HÅ^@HF P HÈK@HF EBF_ TC HB/599H4, DFK SK Y_FHCG@F GC >,<4 HB/5994, GFKGC CB HÅ^@HF P HÈK@HF EBF_ TC GCWC_H@KÔ CB 5= GC GCWC_H@KÔ CB 5= GC JSK@F P ?0 GC EO_@B, _CTYCDW@ JSK@F P ?0 GC EO_@B, _CTYCDW@EHCKWC. EHCKWC.     DFHYFT@D DFHYFT@D@FK y @FK y G@TW_@OS G@TW_@OSD@FK D@FK GCB GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK C C @DW@FYBEK @DW@FYBEKDWFK DWFK L_CKWC L_CKWC E E BE BE DFTWE DFTWEYC_SEKE YC_SEKE GS_EKWC LCO_C_F GS_EKWC LCO_C_F E EEO_@B EO_@B 500= 500=Q?>X Q?>X • • CB CB ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK CTWSF DFKLF_HEGF CTWSF DFKLF_HEGF Y_@KD@YEB Y_@KD@YEBHCKWC YF_ DFYÀYFGFT, HCKWC YF_ DFYÀYFGFT, CSLÅST@GFT, CSLÅST@GFT, USCWFMKE USCWFMKEWFT WFT P P EKLÈYFGFT, FOTC_ÅKGFTC EKLÈYFGFT, FOTC_ÅKGFTC FW_FT FW_FT M_SYFT DFHF M_SYFT DFHF BFT BFT GFB@FBFT, GFB@FBFT, WC_ÔYFGFT, YFB@USCWFT, WC_ÔYFGFT, YFB@USCWFT, GCDÅYFGFT, GCDÅYFGFT, H@T@GÅDCFT P H@T@GÅDCFT PDWCKÔLF_FT DWCKÔLF_FT CKW_C FW_FT. CKW_C FW_FT. • • GCKW_F GCKW_F GC BFT GC BFTDFYÀYFGFT TC DFYÀYFGFT TCGCWC_H@KÔ EB_CGCGF_ GC GCWC_H@KÔ EB_CGCGF_ GC 39 CTYCD@CT GC DFYÀYFGFT 39 CTYCD@CT GC DFYÀYFGFT T@CKGF T@CKGF BFT HÅT BFT HÅT_C _C Y_CTCKWEW@FT Y_CTCKWEW@FT  Y  YE_EDEBEKST E_EDEBEKST Y YE_ST, E_ST, DCKW_FY DCKW_FYEMCT EMCT O_E DN@EWST, O_E DN@EWST, CSDEBEKST CSDEBEKST HSD_FKEWST, HSD_FKEWST, EDE_W@E EDE_W@E WFKTE, WFKTE, FK FK DECE CKSTWE, F@WNFKE YBSH@LC_E, DECE CKSTWE, F@WNFKE YBSH@LC_E, DEBEKST ESTW_E DEBEKST ESTW_E B@T, B@T, DF_PDECST GSOO@ST, DBESTFDEBEKST DF_PDECST GSOO@ST, DBESTFDEBEKST E_DS@DF_K@T, E_DS@DF_K@T, WCHF_E WCHF_E G@TDESGEWE, G@TDESGEWE, W. W. TWPB@LC_E TWPB@LC_E P P CSDNECWE  CSDNECWE HE_@KE. HE_@KE. • • CK CK CB M_SYF CB M_SYF GC BFT GC BFT CSLÅST@GFT CSLÅST@GFT TC TC GCWC_H@KÔ GCWC_H@KÔ CTWEG@FT BE_ CTWEG@FT BE_ EBCT, JSCK@BCT EBCT, JSCK@BCT P PEGSB EGSBWFT GC WFT GC CSYNEST@E  CSYNEST@E  HSD_FKEWE, CSYNEST  HSD_FKEWE, CSYNEST@E C^@H@E, CSYNEST@E @E C^@H@E, CSYNEST@EG@TW@K MSCKGE, TWPBFDNC@_FK G@TW@K MSCKGE, TWPBFDNC@_FK TY. P TY. P KCHEWFO_EDNÈFK  KCHEWFO_EDNÈFK TY TY, , • • CKW_C BFT CKW_C BFT USCWFMKE USCWFMKEWFT WFT CTWS@C_FK Y_CTCKWCT CTWS@C_FK Y_CTCKWCT TEMÈWWECKLBEWE, TEMÈWWECKLBEWE, T. T. YC_S@EKE,  YC_S@EKE, T. T. _CMSBE_@T,  _CMSBE_@T, T. T. Y  YED@L@ DE, ED@L@ DE, T. T.  H@K@HE,  H@K@HE, T. T. YSBDN_E,  YSBDN_E, YWC_FTEM@WWE YWC_FTEM@WWE G_EDF G_EDF P P A_F NK@WWE T  A_F NK@WWE TSOW@B@T. SOW@B@T. • • BET CTYCD@CT HÅT L_CDSCKWCT GC BET CTYCD@CT HÅT L_CDSCKWCT GCEKLÈYFGFT EKLÈYFGFT LSC_FK LSC_FK BCTW_@MFKST  BCTW_@MFKST TNFCHEAC_@, TNFCHEAC_@, NPYC_@F@GCT NPYC_@F@GCT T@OEMBK@T, T@OEMBK@T,  BCYWFDFW@T  BCYWFDFW@T TY@K@LC_E, TY@K@LC_E, Y YE_EYN_FK@HE E_EYN_FK@HE M_ED@B@T M_ED@B@T P P YN_F K@HFYT@T  YN_F K@HFYT@T TY@K@LC_E. TY@K@LC_E. • • @KG@DEGF_CTO@FBÔM@DFT @KG@DEGF_CTO@FBÔM@DFT • • CK CK BE BE YE_ YE_WC WC KF_WC TC N@ZF KF_WC TC N@ZF SK SK EKÅB@T@T EKÅB@T@T TFO_C TFO_C BE BE G@TW_@OSD@ÔK GC CTYCD@CT G@TW_@OSD@ÔK GC CTYCD@CT DFKT@GC_EGET DFKT@GC_EGET DFHF DFHF @KG@DEGF_CT @KG@DEGF_CT O@FBÔM@DFT GC HETET GC O@FBÔM@DFT GC HETET GC EMSE, EMSE, GCWC_H@KEKGF BE GCWC_H@KEKGF BE Y_CTCKD@E GC Y_CTCKD@E GC CTYCD@CT CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET Y_FY@ET GC GC EMSET EMSET CDSE CDSEWF_@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT WF_@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCTECT ECT DFHF DFHF CB DFYÀYFGF CB DFYÀYFGF DCKW_FYEMCT LS_DEWST DCKW_FYEMCT LS_DEWST P P CB CB USCWFMKEWF USCWFMKEWF TEM@WWE TEM@WWE  _CMSBE_@T,  _CMSBE_@T, EHOFT EHOFT G@TW_@O G@TW_@OS@GFT S@GFT GCTGC GCTGC YE@WE NETW YE@WE NETWE TSYC1 E TSYC1 FOTC_ÅKGFTC USC FOTC_ÅKGFTC USC CKW_C CKW_C YE@WE YE@WE P P DN@HOFWC DN@HOFWC TC TC BFDEB@Z BFDEB@ZE_FK E_FK E ?9 E ?9 HK GC BE HK GC BEDFTWE DFTWEP CKW_C NSE_HCP P CKW_C NSE_HCP P TSYC YF_ LSC_E GC P TSYC YF_ LSC_E GC BET 79 _KK (L@M. ?), BET 79 _KK (L@M. ?), ETFD@EGE ETFD@EGET T E E
WCHYC_E WCHYC_EWS_ET GC ?5,0 D WS_ET GC ?5,0 DE ?7,9 E ?7,9 D. YE_E D. YE_ECTWC YC_ÈFGF CTWC YC_ÈFGF GC HSCTW_CF GC HSCTW_CF CT L_CDSCKWC CKDFKW_E_ CT L_CDSCKWC CKDFKW_E_ CTWET CTYCD@CT CTWET CTYCD@CT NETWE NETWE YSKWE YSKWE LEBTE, LEBTE, T@CKGF SKE T@CKGF SKEG@TW_@O G@TW_@OSD@ÔK SD@ÔK @KSTSEB CKDFKW_E_BET @KSTSEB CKDFKW_E_BET NETWE NETWE TSYC GS_EKWC TSYC GS_EKWC CTWC D_SDC_F. CTWC D_SDC_F. BET DFKG@D@FKCT BET DFKG@D@FKCT GCB GCBEHO@CKWC Y_C EHO@CKWC Y_CEBCD@CKWCT CK CB EBCD@CKWCT CK CBHFHCKWF HFHCKWF GCB HSCTW_CF GCB HSCTW_CF (HF_ÔK, CTWC (HF_ÔK, CTWCFBSHCK) FBSHCK) USC @KG@DEOEK CB GCTYBEZ USC @KG@DEOEK CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF EKF_HEB GC BET EH@CKWF EKF_HEB GC BETECT NETWE ECT NETWE BE BEEBWS_E EBWS_E GC DN@HOFWC, GC DN@HOFWC, CTWE_ÈE CK CTWE_ÈE CK DFKDF_GEKD@E DFKDF_GEKD@EDFK CB GCTYBEZEH@CKW DFK CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF F GC CTWET CTYCD@CT GC CTWET CTYCD@CT NETWE NETWETSYC. TSYC.     • • CTYCD@CT CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET Y_FY@ET GC GC BET BET EMSET EMSET TSO@_FY@DE TSO@_FY@DEBCT BCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT (ETT) (ETT) DFHF DFHF DEBFDEBEKST Y DEBFDEBEKST YEF, EF, HC HC DPKFDC_E DPKFDC_E DBEST@@ DBEST@@ P P EDE_W@E  EDE_W@E GEKEC, GEKEC, LSC_FK BFDEB@ZE GET CKW_C YE@WE P DEBBEF, ETFD@EGET E LSC_FK BFDEB@ZE GET CKW_C YE@WE P DEBBEF, ETFD@EGET E WCHYC_EWS_ET WCHYC_EWS_ET GC GC ?5,? ¹D ?5,? ¹D P P ?4,0 ?4,0 ¹D ¹D DFK SKE DFK SKEG@TW_@OSD@Ô G@TW_@OSD@ÔK K NED@E NED@E BE BE DFTWE DFTWE CKW_C CKW_C Y YE@WE P DN@DEHE E@WE P DN@DEHE GC ?9 GC ?9 HK GC HK GC BE BE DFTWE DFTWEH@CKW_ET H@CKW_ET USC USC CKW_C DN@HOFWC CKW_C DN@HOFWC P P YSDSTEKE YSDSTEKE CTWS@C_FK YF_ LSC_E CTWS@C_FK YF_ LSC_E GC BET 79 GC BET 79 HK GC BE HK GC BE DFTWE DFTWE @DW@FYBEKWFK @DW@FYBEKWFK • • CB CB @DW@FYBEKDWF @DW@FYBEKDWFK CTWSF K CTWSF DFKLF_HEG DFKLF_HEGF F YF_ YF_ NSC NSCFT P BE_ET GC FT P BE_ET GC EKDNFCWE EKDNFCWE (CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT), (CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT), GC TE_G@KE GC TE_G@KE (TE_G@KFYT TEME^ TEME^) (TE_G@KFYT TEME^ TEME^) P P GC YCZ GC YCZ B@KWC_KE B@KWC_KE (@KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E)1 (@KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E)1 BE_ BE_ET ET GC GC DEOE DEOEBBE BBE (TDFHOC_JEYFK@DST), (TDFHOC_JEYFK@DST), HC_BSZE HC_BSZE (HC_BSDD@ST MEP@), (HC_BSDD@ST MEP@), LEBTF FBEGF LEBTF FBEGF (Y_@FKFWST (Y_@FKFWST TY) TY) P P GC FW_FT GC FW_FT YCDCT B@KWC_KE YCDCT B@KWC_KE (HPDWFYN@GE (HPDWFYN@GEC), C), CKW_C FW_FT CKW_C FW_FT • • BFT NSCFT BFT NSCFT GC EKDNFCW GC EKDNFCWE E CTWS@C_FK CTWS@C_FK G@TW_@OS@GF G@TW_@OS@GFT T GCTGC GCTGC Y YE@WE E@WE NETWE NETWEKF, FOTC_ÅKGFTC CK MCKC_EB KF, FOTC_ÅKGFTC CK MCKC_EB 4 Å_CET GC G@TW_@OSD@ÔK, 4 Å_CET GC G@TW_@OSD@ÔK, SKE SKE

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pdf-web-semantica_compress.pdf

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  • 2.     ELBF_EH@CKWF ELBF_EH@CKWF • • HF@H@CKWFT C_ HF@H@CKWFT C_W@DEBCT ETDCKGCKWCT GC W@DEBCT ETDCKGCKWCT GC HETET GC EMSE L_ÈET P HETET GC EMSE L_ÈET P _@DET CK KSW_@CKWCT (K@W_EWFT, LFTLEWFT, T@B@DEWFT, CWD) GCTGC _@DET CK KSW_@CKWCT (K@W_EWFT, LFTLEWFT, T@B@DEWFT, CWD) GCTGC CB LFKGF HE_@KF NED@E BE TSYC_L@D@C, Y_FGSD@GFT CB LFKGF HE_@KF NED@E BE TSYC_L@D@C, Y_FGSD@GFT Y_@KD@Y Y_@KD@YEBHCKWC YF_ @CKWFT USC EBHCKWC YF_ @CKWFT USC TFYBEK TFO_C BE TSYC_L@D@C, TFYBEK TFO_C BE TSYC_L@D@C, P _CTYFKTEOBCT GC HCJF_E_ P _CTYFKTEOBCT GC HCJF_E_ BE Y_FGSDD@ÔK O@FBÔM@DE. BE Y_FGSDD@ÔK O@FBÔM@DE.
  • 3.     LEDWF_CT LEDWF_CT • • YBEWELF_HE DFKW@KCKWEB: YBEWELF_HE DFKW@KCKWEB: • • @CKWFT: @CKWFT: • • WCHYC_EWS_E WCHYC_EWS_E • • TEB@K@GEG TEB@K@GEG: :
  • 4.     Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb hukgf Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb hukgf  be dfrr`cktc gc Deker`es (elfreh`cktf gcb kfrfcstc gc År`de), be dfrr`cktc gc  be dfrr`cktc gc Deker`es (elfreh`cktf gcb kfrfcstc gc År`de), be dfrr`cktc gc Ockmucbe (elfreh`cktf suger`dekf), dfrr`cktc gc Deb`frk`e (elfreh`cktf gc Ockmucbe (elfreh`cktf suger`dekf), dfrr`cktc gc Deb`frk`e (elfreh`cktf gc Deb`frk`e y Frcmôk), be dfrr`cktc gc Nuhofbgt (elfreh`cktf gc Ycrú y Dn`bc) y be Deb`frk`e y Frcmôk), be dfrr`cktc gc Nuhofbgt (elfreh`cktf gc Ycrú y Dn`bc) y be dfrr`cktc sfhebè (elfr dfrr`cktc sfhebè (elfreh`cktf gcb fcstc gc be @kg`e). eh`cktf gcb fcstc gc be @kg`e). W Wfges cstes dfst fges cstes dfstes ckck es ckck esfd`eges `hpfrtektcs pcsqucrèes esfd`eges `hpfrtektcs pcsqucrèes
  • 5.     Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb Ycrú Elbfreh`cktfs ck cb Ycrú Ye`te (3º B. T.), ck Y`ure1 cktrc Y`hcktcb y Tebevcrry (=º e >º B. T.)1 Ye`te (3º B. T.), ck Y`ure1 cktrc Y`hcktcb y Tebevcrry (=º e >º B. T.)1 cktrc Nuerhcy y Tupc (59º e 55º B. T.)1 rcktc e Y`sdf (54º e 57º B. T.)1 cktrc Nuerhcy y Tupc (59º e 55º B. T.)1 rcktc e Y`sdf (54º e 57º B. T.)1 y cktrc Tek Juek y Hfb`ckgf (53º e 5=º B. T.). y cktrc Tek Juek y Hfb`ckgf (53º e 5=º B. T.).
  • 6.     Y_FGSDW@@GEG Y_FGSDW@@GEG Hetcr`e frmåk`de eduhubege ck uk gctcrh`kegf t`chpf Hetcr`e frmåk`de eduhubege ck uk gctcrh`kegf t`chpf ck uk årce gctcrh`kege. ck uk årce gctcrh`kege.
  • 7.     Y_FGSDW@@GEG Y_@HE_@E Y_FGSDW@@GEG Y_@HE_@E • • HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE Y_FGSD@GE YF_ BET YBEKWET C_GCT, DFK HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE Y_FGSD@GE YF_ BET YBEKWET C_GCT, DFK DEY DEYED@GEG GC L ED@GEG GC LFWFTÈKWCT@T S FWFTÈKWCT@T S F_MEK@THFT ESWÔW_FLFT. F_MEK@THFT ESWÔW_FLFT. • • TC C^Y_CT TC C^Y_CTE CK WÀ_H@KFT GC E CK WÀ_H@KFT GC CKC_MÈE CKC_MÈEEDSHSBEGE EDSHSBEGE (DEBF_ÈET/HB/GÈE F CK DEBF_ÈET/HB/NF_E) (DEBF_ÈET/HB/GÈE F CK DEBF_ÈET/HB/NF_E) • • WÀ_H@KFT GC BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE T@KWCW@ZEGE (M_EHFT/H?/GÈE WÀ_H@KFT GC BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE T@KWCW@ZEGE (M_EHFT/H?/GÈE F AM/NCDWÅ_CE/EÕF) F AM/NCDWÅ_CE/EÕF)
  • 8.     GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET (HÀWFGF TW_@DABEK P YE_TFK) (HÀWFGF TW_@DABEK P YE_TFK) • L@BW_E_ BE HSCTW_E P EG@D@FKE_ SKET YFDET MFWET GC TSTYCKT@ÔK GC DE_OFKEWF GC • L@BW_E_ BE HSCTW_E P EG@D@FKE_ SKET YFDET MFWET GC TSTYCKT@ÔK GC DE_OFKEWF GC HEMKCT@F YE_E C@WE_ BE ED@G@L@DED@ÔK GCB L@BW_F HEMKCT@F YE_E C@WE_ BE ED@G@L@DED@ÔK GCB L@BW_F • EBHEDCKE_ CK _CL_@MC_EGF_ E —?9¹D W_EWEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E • EBHEDCKE_ CK _CL_@MC_EGF_ E —?9¹D W_EWEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E • DFBFDE_ CB L@BW_F CK SK @EB, DSO_@_BF DFK ? - 4 HB GC TFBSD@ÔK EDSFTE GC • DFBFDE_ CB L@BW_F CK SK @EB, DSO_@_BF DFK ? - 4 HB GC TFBSD@ÔK EDSFTE GC EDCWFKE EB 09% P HEDC_E_ DFK CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ EDCWFKE EB 09% P HEDC_E_ DFK CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ • CKJSEME_ CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ P EJSTWE_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB E SK K@CB DFKTWEKWC, 3 - • CKJSEME_ CB NFHFMCK@ZEGF_ P EJSTWE_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB E SK K@CB DFKTWEKWC, 3 - 59 HB. HEKWCKC_ BET HSCTW_ET WFGE BE KFDNC CK BE FTDS_@GEG 59 HB. HEKWCKC_ BET HSCTW_ET WFGE BE KFDNC CK BE FTDS_@GEG • DBE_@L@DE_ CB C^W_EDWF DCKW_@LSMEKGF BFT WSOFT WEYEGFT YF_ 59 H@KSWFT E 5999 • DBE_@L@DE_ CB C^W_EDWF DCKW_@LSMEKGF BFT WSOFT WEYEGFT YF_ 59 H@KSWFT E 5999 _YH. GCDEKWE_ CB C^W_EDWF DBE_@L@DEGF E SK WSOF GC DCKW_ÈLSME B@HY@F GC 53 HB P _YH. GCDEKWE_ CB C^W_EDWF DBE_@L@DEGF E SK WSOF GC DCKW_ÈLSME B@HY@F GC 53 HB P HCG@_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB GCB C^W_EDWF HCG@_ CB FBSHCK WFWEB GCB C^W_EDWF • W_EKTLC_@_ CB C^W_EDWF E SKE DCBGE GC 5 DH P HCG@_ BE GCKT@GEG ÔYW@DE (GF) E =39, • W_EKTLC_@_ CB C^W_EDWF E SKE DCBGE GC 5 DH P HCG@_ BE GCKT@GEG ÔYW@DE (GF) E =39, <<4, <73 P <49 KH. TCBCDD@FKE_ SKE G@BSD@ÔK USC GÀ E <<4 KH SKE GF HEPF_ USC 9.? P <<4, <73 P <49 KH. TCBCDD@FKE_ SKE G@BSD@ÔK USC GÀ E <<4 KH SKE GF HEPF_ USC 9.? P HCKF_ USC 5.9. BET BCDWS_ET E <<4, <73 P <49 KH WEHO@ÀK T@_CK YE_E BE HCKF_ USC 5.9. BET BCDWS_ET E <<4, <73 P <49 KH WEHO@ÀK T@_CK YE_E BE GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET O P D. BE BCDWS_E E =39 KH T@_C DFHF SKE DF__CDD@ÔK GCWC_H@KED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BET O P D. BE BCDWS_E E =39 KH T@_C DFHF SKE DF__CDD@ÔK YE_E WS_O@GCZ. TSTW_EC_ CTWE BCDWS_E GC DEGE SKF GC BFT EBF_CT GC GCKT@GEG YE_E WS_O@GCZ. TSTW_EC_ CTWE BCDWS_E GC DEGE SKF GC BFT EBF_CT GC GCKT@GEG ÔYW@DE GC BET FW_ET BFKM@WSGCT GC ÔYW@DE GC BET FW_ET BFKM@WSGCT GC FKGE FKGEEKWCT GC STE_BFT CK EKWCT GC STE_BFT CK BET CDSED@FKCT GC BET CDSED@FKCT GC
  • 9. DÅBDSBF DÅBDSBF     • • DEBDSBFT: DEBDSBFT: DEBDSBE_ BE DEKW@GEG GC DBF_FL@BE E CK DEGE DEBDSBE_ BE DEKW@GEG GC DBF_FL@BE E CK DEGE C^W_EDWF SW@B@ZEKGF BFT EBF_CT GC FG C^W_EDWF SW@B@ZEKGF BFT EBF_CT GC FG DF__CM@GFT CK BE T@MS@CKWC CDSED@ÔK: DF__CM@GFT CK BE T@MS@CKWC CDSED@ÔK: DBF_FL@BE E 8 DBE 8 55.<7(GF<<4) - ?.5<(GF<73) + DBF_FL@BE E 8 DBE 8 55.<7(GF<<4) - ?.5<(GF<73) + 9.59(GF<49) 9.59(GF<49) BE DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBE CK CB EMSE GC HE_ TC BE DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBE CK CB EMSE GC HE_ TC GCWC_H@KE YF_ HCG@F GC BE T@MS@CKWC LÔ_HSBE: GCWC_H@KE YF_ HCG@F GC BE T@MS@CKWC LÔ_HSBE: QDBEX, HM/H4 8 QDBE ^ FBSHCK GCB C^W_EDWF (HB)X / FBSHCK GC HSCTW_E QDBEX, HM/H4 8 QDBE ^ FBSHCK GCB C^W_EDWF (HB)X / FBSHCK GC HSCTW_E (B) (B)
  • 10.     L@WFYBEKDWFK L@WFYBEKDWFK Dfkjuktf gc Dfkjuktf gc frmek`shfs: frmek`shfs: -h`drfsdôp`dfs -h`drfsdôp`dfs -rceb`zek lftfsèktcs`s -rceb`zek lftfsèktcs`s -heyfrhcktc gc -heyfrhcktc gc zfkes pcbåm`des zfkes pcbåm`des (emues fdcåk`des y (emues fdcåk`des y dfkt`kcktebcs dfkt`kcktebcs -pfde/kube -pfde/kube deped`geg gc deped`geg gc hfv`h`cktf hfv`h`cktf
  • 11.
  • 14.      YC_TFKEBCT: YC_TFKEBCT: - Oftes - Oftes - - Muektcs gc betcx Muektcs gc betcx - - Dnebcdfs sebvev`ges Dnebcdfs sebvev`ges CUS@YFT P HEWC_@EBCT CUS@YFT P HEWC_@EBCT
  • 15.      YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E: YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E: - -MYT MYT L`dne gc dehpf L`dne gc dehpf Bep`dcs y herdegfrcs Bep`dcs y herdegfrcs Ct`quctes gc pepcb rcs`stcktc eb emue Ct`quctes gc pepcb rcs`stcktc eb emue Lresdfs gc 39, 599 y ?99 hb Lresdfs gc 39, 599 y ?99 hb Oftcbbes gc v`gr`f (ehoer) Oftcbbes gc v`gr`f (ehoer) `ebcs gc v`gr`f f pbåst`df dfk tepe ncrhàt`de `ebcs gc v`gr`f f pbåst`df dfk tepe ncrhàt`de
  • 16. (l`tfpbekdtfk gc rcg) (l`tfpbekdtfk gc rcg)     Oftcbbes gc ? b`trfs gc deped`geg (hucstres gc Oftcbbes gc ? b`trfs gc deped`geg (hucstres gc emue pere ekåb`s`s quèh`df). emue pere ekåb`s`s quèh`df). Oftcbbe n`grfmrål`de (ek Gfrk, pere hucstres Oftcbbe n`grfmrål`de (ek Gfrk, pere hucstres vcrt`debcs, dbfrfl`be ‒e‘). vcrt`debcs, dbfrfl`be ‒e‘). - Oebgcs gc 3 b`trfs gc deped`geg - Oebgcs gc 3 b`trfs gc deped`geg - _cg gc pbekdtfk (kyteb gc 5 - _cg gc pbekdtfk (kyteb gc 59 β, ?9 β, 43 β, 9 β, ?9 β, 43 β, gc eocrture gc pfrf) gc eocrture gc pfrf) G`sdf gc Tcddn` G`sdf gc Tcddn` Cqu`pf hubt`peråhctrf pfrtåt`b. Cqu`pf hubt`peråhctrf pfrtåt`b.
  • 17.      _CEDW@FT YE_E BE L@JED@FK GC HSCTW_E _CEDW@FT YE_E BE L@JED@FK GC HSCTW_E - - Tfbud`ôk Tfbud`ôk gc gc frhfb eb frhfb eb 7-3 %. 7-3 %. Bumfb Bumfb H4: hczdbe H4: hczdbe gc frhfb, gc frhfb, yfgurf gc yfgurf gc pftes`f y pftes`f y åd`gf edàdf åd`gf edàdf mbed`eb. mbed`eb.
  • 19.     BE L@DNE GC DEHYF @KDBS@_: BE L@DNE GC DEHYF @KDBS@_: Bfdeb`zed`ôk gcb årce gc hucstrcf jekgf bes dffrgckeges (MYT). Bfdeb`zed`ôk gcb årce gc hucstrcf jekgf bes dffrgckeges (MYT). Gcsdr`pd`ôk gc be hfrfbfmèe y hfrfhctrèe gcb bemf. Gcsdr`pd`ôk gc be hfrfbfmèe y hfrfhctrèe gcb bemf. Foscrved`ôk y gcsdr`pd`ôk gc bes cktreges y seb`ges gc emue, vcrgfs Foscrved`ôk y gcsdr`pd`ôk gc bes cktreges y seb`ges gc emue, vcrgfs puktuebcs, cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche y dfocrture vcmcteb (hedrftfs). puktuebcs, cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche y dfocrture vcmcteb (hedrftfs). L`jed`ôk gc csted`fkcs gc hucstrcf, duyf kúhcrf gcpckgcrå gcb L`jed`ôk gc csted`fkcs gc hucstrcf, duyf kúhcrf gcpckgcrå gcb prfpôs`tf gcb cstug`f. prfpôs`tf gcb cstug`f. Hcg`r ebmukfs peråhctrfs s`dfquèh`dfs (treksperckd`e, Hcg`r ebmukfs peråhctrfs s`dfquèh`dfs (treksperckd`e, tchpcreture, dfkgudv`geg cbàdtr`de y pN). tchpcreture, dfkgudv`geg cbàdtr`de y pN).
  • 21.     Hucstres dfkdcktreges Hucstres dfkdcktreges Be dekgeg gc emue btrege gcpckgcrå gcb cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche: Fb`mftrôdf Be dekgeg gc emue btrege gcpckgcrå gcb cstegf trôdf gcb cdfs`stche: Fb`mftrôdf Hucstres cstredeges e g`crcktcs prfukg`gegcs Hucstres cstredeges e g`crcktcs prfukg`gegcs     Tc chpbcerå uke oftcbbe n`grfmråde (ek Gfrk) gc vfbuhck dfkfd`gf. Yucgck Tc chpbcerå uke oftcbbe n`grfmråde (ek Gfrk) gc vfbuhck dfkfd`gf. Yucgck `ktcmrersc ver`es hucstres, s`chprc y duekgf tckmek cb h`shf vfbuhck. `ktcmrersc ver`es hucstres, s`chprc y duekgf tckmek cb h`shf vfbuhck. Hucstres gc supcrd`c Hucstres gc supcrd`c     Tcråk tfheges g`rcdtehcktc dfk uke oftcbbe gc 539 hb gc deped`geg, gc prccrckd`e Tcråk tfheges g`rcdtehcktc dfk uke oftcbbe gc 539 hb gc deped`geg, gc prccrckd`e dfbfr åhoer, e ?9-49 dh gc prfukg`geg. Bbcker cb resdf neste cb 09% gc su deped`geg. dfbfr åhoer, e ?9-49 dh gc prfukg`geg. Bbcker cb resdf neste cb 09% gc su deped`geg.
  • 22. (49 - 79 b`trfs) y hcsf e cutrôdf (59 - ?9 b`trfs) (49 - 79 b`trfs) y hcsf e cutrôdf (59 - ?9 b`trfs)      DFBCDWE  DFBCDWE GC H GC HSCT SCTW_ET W_ET DSEB@WEW@ET DSEB@WEW@ET YE_E CTWSG@FT YE_E CTWSG@FT
  • 23. WE^FKÔH@DFT WE^FKÔH@DFT     Bfs hàtfgfs scråk: Bfs hàtfgfs scråk: Yfr errestrc nfr`zfkteb y Yfr errestrc nfr`zfkteb y vcrdeb, dfk cb chpbcf vcrdeb, dfk cb chpbcf gc uke rcg gc pbekdtfk y gc uke rcg gc pbekdtfk y gcsgc uke c gcsgc uke choerded`ôk, hoerded`ôk, neste dfkscmu`r uk neste dfkscmu`r uk btregf v`s`obc. btregf v`s`obc. L`btrekgf vfbúhckcs L`btrekgf vfbúhckcs dfkfd`gfs gc emue e dfkfd`gfs gc emue e trevàs gc be rcg gc trevàs gc be rcg gc pbekdtfk. pbekdtfk.
  • 24.     - -     Cqu`pfs chpbcegfs: Cqu`pfs chpbcegfs: • • Bemfs fb`mftrôldfs Bemfs fb`mftrôldfs, dfhf cs cb desf gc , dfhf cs cb desf gc hudnes bemukes ebtf ekg`kes, sc hudnes bemukes ebtf ekg`kes, sc gcoc chpbcer gcoc chpbcer rcgcs gc 59 y 53 βh gc eocrture gc hebbe. rcgcs gc 59 y 53 βh gc eocrture gc hebbe. • • Bemfs hcsfcutrôldfs Bemfs hcsfcutrôldfs, dfhf cs cb desf gc , dfhf cs cb desf gc bemukes ‒dfdnes‘ ehezôk`des y ofcgebcs ebtf bemukes ‒dfdnes‘ ehezôk`des y ofcgebcs ebtf ekg`kfs, sc chpbceråk rcgcs gc ?9 βh - ekg`kfs, sc chpbceråk rcgcs gc ?9 βh - 43 43 βh gc eocrture gc hebbe βh gc eocrture gc hebbe
  • 25.     Kúhcrf gc hu Kúhcrf gc hucstr cstres: es: • • Be dfbcdte gc hucstres tektf dueb`teves Be dfbcdte gc hucstres tektf dueb`teves dfhf duekteves gcocrå tckcr rcpb`des. dfhf duekteves gcocrå tckcr rcpb`des. Duektf heyfr sce cb kúhcrf gc hucstres Duektf heyfr sce cb kúhcrf gc hucstres pfr csted`ôk, scrå hcjfr (cktrc 4 e <). pfr csted`ôk, scrå hcjfr (cktrc 4 e <). • • Be keb`geg gc tckcr ver`es hucstres pfr Be keb`geg gc tckcr ver`es hucstres pfr puktf gc hucstrcf cs be gc escmurer be puktf gc hucstrcf cs be gc escmurer be dfrrcdte `gckded`ôk dfrrcdte `gckded`ôk
  • 26.     - - Ycr`fgfs gc hucstrcf: Ycr`fgfs gc hucstrcf: Cstug`fs texfkôh`d Cstug`fs texfkôh`dfs y bèkces oes fs y bèkces oesc: c: sc sc rcdfh`ckge dfbcdter gfs vcdcs pfr eõf, rcdfh`ckge dfbcdter gfs vcdcs pfr eõf, df`kd`gcktc df`kd`gcktcs dfk bes s dfk bes àpfdes bbuv`fse y scde. àpfdes bbuv`fse y scde. Cstug`fs gc prfgudv`geg pr`her`e Cstug`fs gc prfgudv`geg pr`her`e: : gfs vcdcs pfr eõf. gfs vcdcs pfr eõf. Yere hfk`tfrcfs Yere hfk`tfrcfs: be rcduckd`e pucgc ver`er gcsgc : be rcduckd`e pucgc ver`er gcsgc hucstrcfs hcksuebcs (ck cb desf gc quc sc neme uk hucstrcfs hcksuebcs (ck cb desf gc quc sc neme uk scmu`h`cktf gc vcrgfs eb cdfs`stche), scmu`h`cktf gc vcrgfs eb cdfs`stche),
  • 27. tr`hcstrebcs, gfs vcdcs eb eõf y ekuebcs. tr`hcstrebcs, gfs vcdcs eb eõf y ekuebcs.     Y_CTC_ED@ÔK Y_CTC_ED@ÔK P P CW@USCWEGF CW@USCWEGF
  • 28.     Hucstres rcsdes f Hucstres rcsdes f hektck`ges ck v`vf hektck`ges ck v`vf Tfk gc mrek ub`geg pere be Tfk gc mrek ub`geg pere be foscrved`ôk c `gckded`ôk foscrved`ôk c `gckded`ôk gc gc tflemcbegf tflemcbegfs. s. Bes hucstres dfbcdteges Bes hucstres dfbcdteges gcocråk scr hektck`ges ck gcocråk scr hektck`ges ck rcr`mcred`ôk e 7 ¹D, ck rcr`mcred`ôk e 7 ¹D, ck bumercs s`k buz y ck resdfs bumercs s`k buz y ck resdfs dfbfr åhoer. Dfkscrverbes dfbfr åhoer. Dfkscrverbes sfbf pfr csped`f gc 5? sfbf pfr csped`f gc 5? nfres. nfres.
  • 29.     Hucstres prcscrveges Hucstres prcscrveges Bfs prcscrvektcs hås Bfs prcscrvektcs hås usegfs sfk sfbud`ôk gc usegfs sfk sfbud`ôk gc frhfb eb 7-3%, esè dfhf frhfb eb 7-3%, esè dfhf be sfbud`ôk gc Bumfb eb be sfbud`ôk gc Bumfb eb 5% (9,3 hb/599 hb gc 5% (9,3 hb/599 hb gc hucstre). hucstre). Ske vcz dfbcdtege be Ske vcz dfbcdtege be hucstre, cste sc v`crtc e hucstre, cste sc v`crtc e uk resdf pfr bf mckcreb uk resdf pfr bf mckcreb gc ?99 hb, cb dueb gcocrå gc ?99 hb, cb dueb gcocrå scr bbckegf dfk be scr bbckegf dfk be hucstre neste bes pertcs. hucstre neste bes pertcs. Yfstcr`frhcktc, eõeg`r Yfstcr`frhcktc, eõeg`r cb prcscrvektc neste cb prcscrvektc neste dfhpbcter cb vfbuhck dfhpbcter cb vfbuhck tfteb, em`ter be hucstre y tfteb, em`ter be hucstre y nfhfmckc`zer, pere esè nfhfmckc`zer, pere esè cv`ter cb ckqu`steh`cktf cv`ter cb ckqu`steh`cktf Tc rcdfh`ckge quc bes Tc rcdfh`ckge quc bes hucstres jeges sc hucstres jeges sc muergck ck bumercs muergck ck bumercs rcsdfs y prftcm`gfs gc rcsdfs y prftcm`gfs gc be buz. be buz.
  • 30. gc ebmukfs frmek`shfs. gc ebmukfs frmek`shfs.     CW@USCWEGF CW@USCWEGF Wfges bes hucstres gcocråk scr cqucteges pere Wfges bes hucstres gcocråk scr cqucteges pere ed`b`ter su `gckded`ôk. ed`b`ter su `gckded`ôk. Cb pepcb gc bes cquctes gcocrå scr cspcd`eb (rcs`stcktc eb emue), Cb pepcb gc bes cquctes gcocrå scr cspcd`eb (rcs`stcktc eb emue), ye quc sc dfbfderåk gcktrf gcb resdf quc dfkckc be hucstre. ye quc sc dfbfderåk gcktrf gcb resdf quc dfkckc be hucstre. Sser båp`z pere ekfter dfk bctre bcm`obc (`hprckte) bfs getfs f Sser båp`z pere ekfter dfk bctre bcm`obc (`hprckte) bfs getfs f dôg`mf gc: prfdcgckd`e, dfbcdtfr, cdne y nfre gc dfbcdte, pf gc dôg`mf gc: prfdcgckd`e, dfbcdtfr, cdne y nfre gc dfbcdte, pf gc hucstre (dueb`teve-duekteve) y hàtfgf gc dfbcdte (g`rcdte, hucstre (dueb`teve-duekteve) y hàtfgf gc dfbcdte (g`rcdte,
  • 31. errestrc, btrege). errestrc, btrege).     Cstfs h`shfs getfs scråk ekftegfs ck be Cstfs h`shfs getfs scråk ekftegfs ck be b`orcte gc b`orcte gc dehpf. dehpf. Cb dôg`mf gc hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc ck be oesc gc Cb dôg`mf gc hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc ck be oesc gc getfs gc educrgf eb pf gc cstug`f. getfs gc educrgf eb pf gc cstug`f. Yrfdcgcr eb d`crrc ncrhàdf y prftcdd`ôk egcduege Yrfdcgcr eb d`crrc ncrhàdf y prftcdd`ôk egcduege (scbber dfk d`kte egncs`ve) gc dege uke gc bes (scbber dfk d`kte egncs`ve) gc dege uke gc bes
  • 32. hucstres pere su trekspfrtc. hucstres pere su trekspfrtc.     @GCKW@L@DED@FK @GCKW@L@DED@FK P P EKEB@T@T EKEB@T@T GC BET GC BET
  • 33. HSCTW_ET HSCTW_ET     • • CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC BEOF_EWF_@F BEOF_EWF_@F @GCKW@L@DED@FK @GCKW@L@DED@FK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK
  • 34.      H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf cqu`pegf dfk fdubercs gc 59 f 5?.3, y fojcvfs gc 59x, H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf cqu`pegf dfk fdubercs gc 59 f 5?.3, y fojcvfs gc 59x, 79x y 599x. 79x y 599x.  Dåhere g`m`teb edfpbege eb Dåhere g`m`teb edfpbege eb h`drfsdfp`f. h`drfsdfp`f.  Båh`kes y beh`k`bbes gc ?? x 79 f ?? x ??. Båh`kes y beh`k`bbes gc ?? x 79 f ?? x ??.  Dåhere gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr. Dåhere gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr.  Båh`ke f pbede gc Yebhcr. Båh`ke f pbede gc Yebhcr.  Mftcrfs. Mftcrfs.
  • 35.  Y`pctes. Y`pctes.      Dfbfrektcs (Bumfb, ezub gc hcbckf, kte dn`ke). Dfbfrektcs (Bumfb, ezub gc hcbckf, kte dn`ke).  Lfrhuber`fs pere ekfter Lfrhuber`fs pere ekfter be b`ste gc be b`ste gc tex texfkcs. fkcs.  Muèes y dbevcs gc `gckded`ôk. Muèes y dbevcs gc `gckded`ôk.  Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg dfhf dfhf dfbcdd`ôk gc rccrckd`e. dfbcdd`ôk gc rccrckd`e.  Ck desf sce kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfktejcs pcrhekcktcs f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Ck desf sce kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfktejcs pcrhekcktcs f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc gcserrfbbf. Tc Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc gcserrfbbf. Tc rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs g`spfk`obc ck be b`tcreture. g`spfk`obc ck be b`tcreture.
  • 36.      Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer g`oujfs y/f ftfs gc ub`geg dfhf dfbcdd`ôk dfhf dfbcdd`ôk gc rccrckd`e. gc rccrckd`e.  Ck desf sce Ck desf sce kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfkt kcdcser`f, rceb`zer hfktejcs pcrhekcktcs ejcs pcrhekcktcs f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f f sch`pcrhekcktcs ck Aerf f Mb`dcr`ke eb 44 %, f teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc teho`àk rceb`zer dubvfs pere foscrver escs gc gcserrfbbf. Tc rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes gcserrfbbf. Tc rcdfh`ckge rcv`ser bes hctfgfbfmèes cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs g`spfk`obc ck cspcdèdes pere dege mrupf gc frmek`shfs g`spfk`obc ck be b`tcreture. be b`tcreture.
  • 37.     WCDK@DET GC EKEB@T@T WCDK@DET GC EKEB@T@T GC GC L@WFYBEKDW L@WFYBEKDWFK FK Dueb`tev Dueb`tev f f Dfks`stc ck rceb`zer uke `gckded`ôk gc bfs texe Dfks`stc ck rceb`zer uke `gckded`ôk gc bfs texe prcscktcs ck be hucstre, s`k `hpfrter su dekgeg. Tc prcscktcs ck be hucstre, s`k `hpfrter su dekgeg. Tc pucgck nedcr foscrved`fkcs eb h`drfsdfp`f dfk beh`ke- pucgck nedcr foscrved`fkcs eb h`drfsdfp`f dfk beh`ke- beh`k`bbe y rceb`zer treteh`cktfs cspcdèdfs pere dege beh`k`bbe y rceb`zer treteh`cktfs cspcdèdfs pere dege mrupf. mrupf. Tc rcdfh`ckge nedcr rcv`s`fkcs dfhpbctes gc dege Tc rcdfh`ckge nedcr rcv`s`fkcs dfhpbctes gc dege beh`ke dfk uk hèk`hf gc 4 e 3 rcpcd`fkcs pfr hucstre beh`ke dfk uk hèk`hf gc 4 e 3 rcpcd`fkcs pfr hucstre (cb kúhcrf gc rcpcd`fkcs gcpckgcrå gc be gcks`geg gc (cb kúhcrf gc rcpcd`fkcs gcpckgcrå gc be gcks`geg gc be be hucstr hucstre). e).
  • 38.     Duektevf Duektevf Be duekded`ôk gcb tfpbekdtfk cs rceb`zege cstegèsdehcktc, ye quc kf cs Be duekded`ôk gcb tfpbekdtfk cs rceb`zege cstegèsdehcktc, ye quc kf cs pfs`obc dfkter tfgfs bfs `kg`v`gufs quc sc ckducktrek ck be hucstre. pfs`obc dfkter tfgfs bfs `kg`v`gufs quc sc ckducktrek ck be hucstre. Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk gc be hucstre ektcs gc `k`d`er cb Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk gc be hucstre ektcs gc `k`d`er cb rcducktf, dfk be keb`geg gc dfkcdd`fker uke b`ste gc bfs texe prcscktcs ck be rcducktf, dfk be keb`geg gc dfkcdd`fker uke b`ste gc bfs texe prcscktcs ck be hucstre y tckcr uke `gce mckcreb gc be gcks`geg gc frmek`shfs. hucstre y tckcr uke `gce mckcreb gc be gcks`geg gc frmek`shfs. Cx`stck ver`fs hàtfgfs, ukf gc cbbfs cs cb gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr. Yere cbbf, sc Cx`stck ver`fs hàtfgfs, ukf gc cbbfs cs cb gc Tcgmw`da-_ecr. Yere cbbf, sc chpbce be pbede f dåhere gcb h`shf kfhorc, duyes g`hcks`fkcs sfk gc 3 dh chpbce be pbede f dåhere gcb h`shf kfhorc, duyes g`hcks`fkcs sfk gc 3 dh gc bermf pfr ? dh gc ekdnf y 5 hh gc ebture, dfk deped`geg pere 5 hb gc gc bermf pfr ? dh gc ekdnf y 5 hh gc ebture, dfk deped`geg pere 5 hb gc hucstre. Cb rcducktf gc frmek`shfs pucgc nedcrsc pfr dehpfs f pfr rekjes. Tc hucstre. Cb rcducktf gc frmek`shfs pucgc nedcrsc pfr dehpfs f pfr rekjes. Tc sum`crc eoerder cb heyfr kúhcrf gc dehpfs f rekjes pere quc bfs rcsubtegfs sum`crc eoerder cb heyfr kúhcrf gc dehpfs f rekjes pere quc bfs rcsubtegfs scek dfkeobcs. Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ck kúhcrf gc `kg`v`gufs/hb. (EYNE- scek dfkeobcs. Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ck kúhcrf gc `kg`v`gufs/hb. (EYNE-
  • 39. E]] E]]E]CL1 Orekdf, E]CL1 Orekdf, 50=>). 50=>).     Ftrfs Ftrfs hàtfgfs hàtfgfs veb`gfs veb`gfs gc gc dfktcf dfktcf gc ebmes: gc ebmes: Hàtfgf gc Yebhcr, chpbcekgf be båh`ke f pbede gc Hàtfgf gc Yebhcr, chpbcekgf be båh`ke f pbede gc Yebhcr Yebhcr, dfk deped`geg , dfk deped`geg pere 9,5 hb pere 9,5 hb gc hucstre (Orekdf, gc hucstre (Orekdf, 50=>). Cb dfktcf sc 50=>). Cb dfktcf sc rceb`ze chpbcekgf fojcvfs gc 79x. rceb`ze chpbcekgf fojcvfs gc 79x. Hàtfgf gc Bedacy (dfktcf cktrc beh`ke y beh`k`b Hàtfgf gc Bedacy (dfktcf cktrc beh`ke y beh`k`bbe), be deped`geg cs gc be), be deped`geg cs gc 5/?9 hb gc hucstre (eprfx`hegehcktc 5 mfte gc hucstre). Cstc hàtfgf 5/?9 hb gc hucstre (eprfx`hegehcktc 5 mfte gc hucstre). Cstc hàtfgf eyuge e dfkter kekfpbekdtfk (ebmes huy pcqucões) chpbcekgf eyuge e dfkter kekfpbekdtfk (ebmes huy pcqucões) chpbcekgf edc`tc gc edc`tc gc `khcrs`ôk pere su v`sueb`zed`ôk (599x) (Orekdf, 50=>). `khcrs`ôk pere su v`sueb`zed`ôk (599x) (Orekdf, 50=>).
  • 40.     Tch`duektevf Tch`duektevf ◆ ◆ Tc epb`de duekgf kf sc kc Tc epb`de duekgf kf sc kcdcs`te dfkfdcr cb kúhcrf cxedtf gc frmek`shfs. Tc dcs`te dfkfdcr cb kúhcrf cxedtf gc frmek`shfs. Tc rceb`ze uke `gckded`ôk gc be cspcd`c y sc pucgc ub`zer csdebes gc eoukgekd`e rceb`ze uke `gckded`ôk gc be cspcd`c y sc pucgc ub`zer csdebes gc eoukgekd`e rcbeve ck pfrdcktejc, rcduckd`e rcbeve (huy eoukgektc-eoukgektc, rcbeve ck pfrdcktejc, rcduckd`e rcbeve (huy eoukgektc-eoukgektc, rcducktc, csdesf) f pfrdcktueb, ck oesc e uk dfktcf ebcetfr`f f e uk cshegf rcducktc, csdesf) f pfrdcktueb, ck oesc e uk dfktcf ebcetfr`f f e uk cshegf ck cb dehpf v`sueb gc pfr bf hckfs 4 e 3 båh`kes. ck cb dehpf v`sueb gc pfr bf hckfs 4 e 3 båh`kes.
  • 41.     Hàtfgf pere ekåb`s`s gc Hàtfgf pere ekåb`s`s gc p`mhcktfs (dbfrfbe ‒e‘) p`mhcktfs (dbfrfbe ‒e‘) Be dfkdcktred`ôk gc dbfrfbe ‒e‘ cs uke hcg`ge `kg`rcdte gc be o`fhese gcb Be dfkdcktred`ôk gc dbfrfbe ‒e‘ cs uke hcg`ge `kg`rcdte gc be o`fhese gcb tfpbekdtfk úb pere gctcrh`ker be prfgudv`geg pr`her`e gc uk gctcrh`kegf tfpbekdtfk úb pere gctcrh`ker be prfgudv`geg pr`her`e gc uk gctcrh`kegf cdfs`stche. Cb prfdcg`h`cktf pere su ekåb`s`s `kdbuyc be dfkdcktred`ôk gc cdfs`stche. Cb prfdcg`h`cktf pere su ekåb`s`s `kdbuyc be dfkdcktred`ôk gc tfpbekdtfk, be cxtredd`ôk gc p`mhcktfs dfk uke sfbud`ôk edufse gc edctfke (09%) y tfpbekdtfk, be cxtredd`ôk gc p`mhcktfs dfk uke sfbud`ôk edufse gc edctfke (09%) y be gctcrh`ked`ôk gc be gcks`g be gctcrh`ked`ôk gc be gcks`geg ôpde (eosfroekd`e) gcb cxtredtf hcg`ektc uk eg ôpde (eosfroekd`e) gcb cxtredtf hcg`ektc uk cspcdtrfftôhctrf (Tt cspcdtrfftôhctrf (Ttekgerg Hctnfgs EYNE, ?993). Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ekgerg Hctnfgs EYNE, ?993). Bfs rcsubtegfs sc gek ck βm/B. ck βm/B.
  • 42.     Cqu`pf gc btred`ôk Cqu`pf gc btred`ôk Ofhoe gc vedèf Ofhoe gc vedèf L`btrfs gc ore gc v`gr`f (9,7 — 9,< L`btrfs gc ore gc v`gr`f (9,7 — 9,< uh uh gc pfrf). gc pfrf). Tfbud`ôk gc derofketf hemkàs`df. Tfbud`ôk gc derofketf hemkàs`df. Tfbud`ôk gc Tfbud`ôk gc edctfke (09%). edctfke (09%). Cqu`pf kcdcser`f pere hektckcr be hucstre Cqu`pf kcdcser`f pere hektckcr be hucstre cktrc 7 ¹D-> ¹D ck cb trekspfrtc eb beofretfr`f. cktrc 7 ¹D-> ¹D ck cb trekspfrtc eb beofretfr`f. CUS@YFT P _CEDW@FT CUS@YFT P _CEDW@FT
  • 43. Cspcdtrfftôhctrf. Cspcdtrfftôhctrf.     Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT YE_E CB Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT YE_E CB HSCTW_CF P CKTEPF HSCTW_CF P CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F P TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F P DSEKW@WEW@F GCB DSEKW@WEW@F GCB L@WFYBEKDWFK YFWCKD@EBHCKWC L@WFYBEKDWFK YFWCKD@EBHCKWC WÔ^@DF WFHE GC HSCTW_ET WÔ^@DF WFHE GC HSCTW_ET
  • 44.
  • 45.     ◆ ◆ CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT ◆ ◆ H`drfsdfp`f, cstcrcfsdfp`f H`drfsdfp`f, cstcrcfsdfp`f     ◆ ◆ Euhcktf gc >^ e <.4^, Fduber gc 59^/?? Euhcktf gc >^ e <.4^, Fduber gc 59^/?? ◆ ◆ Ducrpf gc euhcktf f zffh perebcbf f meb`bcf gc <,4^ Ducrpf gc euhcktf f zffh perebcbf f meb`bcf gc <,4^ ◆ ◆ H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf ◆ ◆ Fdubercs gc 59^, 5?.3^ f 53^ Fdubercs gc 59^, 5?.3^ f 53^ ◆ ◆ Fojcvfs gc 7^, 59^ (?9^), 79^ y 599^ Fojcvfs gc 7^, 59^ (?9^), 79^ y 599^
  • 46. ◆ ◆     DFBCDWET DFBCDWET HSCTW_ET GC EMSE HSCTW_ET GC EMSE DFBCDW DFBCDWE E DFK DFK OFWCBBE K@TA@K OFWCBBE K@TA@K DFBCDW DFBCDWE E DFK DFK HEKMSC_E HEKMSC_E
  • 47.     CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT CUS@YFT P EDDCTF_@FT H`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf H`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf Fojcvfs gc 59^, ?9^ y 79^ Fojcvfs gc 59^, ?9^ y 79^ (Fojcvfs YBEK). Cb fojcvf gc 79^ dfk dfktrestc gc escs Fdubercs `muebcs f heyfrcs e 5?.3^ A`t gc dfktrestc gc (Fojcvfs YBEK). Cb fojcvf gc 79^ dfk dfktrestc gc escs Fdubercs `muebcs f heyfrcs e 5?.3^ A`t gc dfktrestc gc escs _cmb`bbe fduber h`drfhàtr`de escs _cmb`bbe fduber h`drfhàtr`de Ybeke hcdåk`de dfk oftfkcs gc Ybeke hcdåk`de dfk oftfkcs gc hekgf pere bcdture treksvcrseb y bfkm`tug`keb hekgf pere bcdture treksvcrseb y bfkm`tug`keb (^. (^.P), vcrk`cr y P), vcrk`cr y kfh`f (bcdture 9,5 hh) kfh`f (bcdture 9,5 hh)     Dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk dfk d`b`kgrfs f Dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk dfk d`b`kgrfs f
  • 48. _cmb`bbe ]N@YYBC (pere gcb`h`ter dehpfs gc dfktcf) _cmb`bbe ]N@YYBC (pere gcb`h`ter dehpfs gc dfktcf) H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf H`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf dfbuhkes gc ?3 ô 39 hB dfbuhkes gc ?3 ô 39 hB     DFBCDWE DFK DFBCDWE DFK OFWCBBE K@TA@K OFWCBBE K@TA@K Oftcbbe K`sa`k gc YD Oftcbbe K`sa`k gc YD dfk uke deped`geg gc dfk uke deped`geg gc 3 B y hcksejcrf gc 3 B y hcksejcrf gc orfkdc orfkdc Wcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk Wcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc 5/59¹D gc -? e 43¹D 5/59¹D gc -? e 43¹D Wcrhôhctrf gc supcrd`c Wcrhôhctrf gc supcrd`c gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) gc Hcrdur`f (Nm) deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc deb`oregf, dfk csdebe gc 5H9¹D gc -? e 43¹D y 5H9¹D gc -? e 43¹D y prftcdtfr gc YD prftcdtfr gc YD Lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 Lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 hB gc dfbfr åhoer, hB gc dfbfr åhoer, gc v`gr`f, dfk tepe gc v`gr`f, dfk tepe rfsde rfsde Lresdfs gc 49 hB Lresdfs gc 49 hB ofde ekdne, gc ofde ekdne, gc pbåsdf pbåsdf Lfrheb`ke eb ?9% Lfrheb`ke eb ?9% Bumfb-edàdf Bumfb-edàdf
  • 49. (pN cktrc > y 0) (pN cktrc > y 0)     DFBCDWE DFK DFBCDWE DFK HEKMSC_E HEKMSC_E Ske hekmucre Ske hekmucre trekspercktc gc trekspercktc gc pbåsdf, pbåsdf, duyes cspcd`ded`fkcs duyes cspcd`ded`fkcs tàdk`des sfk bes s`mu`cktcs: tàdk`des sfk bes s`mu`cktcs: G`åhctrf cxtcrkf gc ?,> G`åhctrf cxtcrkf gc ?,> dh y gc ?,4 dh y gc ?,4 dh gc g`åhctrf dh gc g`åhctrf `ktcrkf y bfkm`tug gc ?9 h `ktcrkf y bfkm`tug gc ?9 h dfhf håx`hf dfhf håx`hf G`v`g`ge ck scdd`fkcs gc 3 h, gc G`v`g`ge ck scdd`fkcs gc 3 h, gc educrgf e bfs cstretfs f prfukg`geg e be educrgf e bfs cstretfs f prfukg`geg e be quc sc qu`crc nedcr cb hucstrcf. quc sc qu`crc nedcr cb hucstrcf. Eg`d`fkebhcktc ck cb Eg`d`fkebhcktc ck cb cstretf supcr`fr cstretf supcr`fr, sc , sc gcoc dfks`gcrer uke bfkm`tug heyfr quc gcoc dfks`gcrer uke bfkm`tug heyfr quc dfrrcspfkgcr dfrrcspfkgcrå e be å e be g`stekd`e gcb oftc y be g`stekd`e gcb oftc y be Dege scdd`ôk dfkste gc bbevcs gc Dege scdd`ôk dfkste gc bbevcs gc dfhpucrte quc ed`b`tek cb edfpbc dfhpucrte quc ed`b`tek cb edfpbc cktrc cbbes e trevàs gc uke uk`ôk cktrc cbbes e trevàs gc uke uk`ôk gc rfsde, pcrh`ckgf gc rfsde, pcrh`ckgf `kgcpckgckd`e gc dege trehf y su `kgcpckgckd`e gc dege trehf y su
  • 50. supcrd`c gcb emue. supcrd`c gcb emue. åd`b scpered`ôk. åd`b scpered`ôk.         *     *    S    S    k    k     b     b    `    `    t    t    r    r    f    f     g     g    c    c     l     l    f    f    r    r    h    h    e    e     b     b     g     g    c    c     n     n    `    `     g     g    f    f    Y    Y    E    E  .  .     (     (    e    e     b     b    4    4    =    =    %    %  ,  ,    c    c    s    s    t    t    e    e     o     o    `    `     b     b    `    `    z    z    e    e     g     g    f    f    d    d    f    f    k    k    h    h    c    c    t    t    e    e    k    k    f    f     b     b    e    e     b     b    5    5    9    9    %    %  ,  ,    m    m    r    r    e    e     g     g    f    f     g     g    c    c    e    e    d    d    `    `     g     g    c    c    z    z     (     (    N    N    D    D    F    F    F    F    N    N     )     )    k    k    f    f    h    h    e    e    y    y    f    f    r    r     g     g    c    c    9    9  ,  ,    9    9    ?    ?    3    3    %    %     )     ) * Skb`trfgcemue gcsbege * Skb`trfgcemue gcsbege * 5.?m gcderofketfgcsfg`f * 5.?m gcderofketfgcsfg`f n` ng̀rfmckegfY.E. (KeND9 grfmckegfY.E. (KeND9 4 4 ), ), perekcutreb`zerbesfbud`ôk perekcutreb`zerbesfbud`ôk LF_HEB@KE:Yere LF_HEB@KE:Yere prcperer cste sfbud`ôk prcperer cste sfbud`ôk sc kcdcs`te sc kcdcs`te EMCKWCT GC EMCKWCT GC L@JED@FK /Y_CTC_ L@JED@FK /Y_CTC_ED@ÔK ED@ÔK
  • 51.   *   *   T   T    c    c     h     h    c    c   z   z   d   d  b  b   e   e    y    y    n    n    f    f     h     h    f    f    m    m    c    c    k    k  `  `   z   z   e   e   t   t    f    f    g    g    f    f   s   s    c    c   s   s   t   t    f    f   s   s    c    c  b  b    c    c     h     h    c    c    k    k   t   t    f    f   s   s    n    n   e   e   s   s   t   t   e   e    f    f    o    o   t   t    c    c    k    k    c    c   r   r    u    u    k    k   e   e   s   s    f    f  b  b    u    u   d   d  `  `    ô    ô    k    k   s   s  `  `    k    k   r   r    c    c   s   s  `  `    g    g    u    u    f    f   s   s   s   s    ô    ô  b  b  `  `    g    g    f    f   s   s  .  . **TT cc uu ssee dd ``kktteess ``kkgg ``dd eegg ff rreess gg cc bbpp NN cckk bbee ss ffbbuudd ``ôô kk ll kkee bbpp eerree vvcc rr``ll ddeerr ss uu kk ccuu ttrr eebb ``ggee gg .. ** TTcc ll bbttrr ee ccbb pp rrccpp ee rreegg ff pp eerree ccvv``tt eerr ssccgg ``hh cc kktteedd ``ôô kk ggcc bbeess ssee bb ccss..     BSMFB BSMFB EDÀW@DF EDÀW@DF Tcrcqu`crcgc?9 mgcbfgurf gcpftes`f Tcrcqu`crcgc?9 mgcbfgurf gcpftes`f (Ab)y59mgcPfgf (R (Ab)y59mgcPfgf (R? ?).Cstfs dfhpucstfs ).Cstfs dfhpucstfs scg`buyckck ?99 hB gcemuegcsbegey scg`buyckck ?99 hB gcemuegcsbegey ?9 mgcåd` ?9 mgcådg̀f edàdf. Cstesfbud`ôksc gf edàdf. Cstesfbud`ôksc fx`geråp`gehckt fx`geråp`gehckt cpfredd`ôk cpfredd`ôkgcbe`rcy gcbe`rcy buz. pfrcbbf, buz. pfrcbbf, gcocdfkscrverscck oftcbbes gcocdfkscrverscck oftcbbes gcdfbfråhoeryck befsdur`geg. gcdfbfråhoeryck befsdur`geg.
  • 52.     CKTEPF TCH@D CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@ SEKW@W WE EW@F W@F CK DFBSHKE GC EMSE CK DFBSHKE GC EMSE Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf, hcg`ektc uk MYT (mcfpfs`d`fkegfr). @ktrfgud`r be rcg ck frhe vcrdeb neste uke Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf, hcg`ektc uk MYT (mcfpfs`d`fkegfr). @ktrfgud`r be rcg ck frhe vcrdeb neste uke prfukg`geg eprfx`hege e 39 dh gcb fkgf, tck`ckgf du`gegf quc kf frhc ebmuke ourouje gc prfukg`geg eprfx`hege e 39 dh gcb fkgf, tck`ckgf du`gegf quc kf frhc ebmuke ourouje gc e`rc. e`rc. Hektckcrbe ukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf y chpczer cb `zegf e uke vcbfd`geg Hektckcrbe ukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf y chpczer cb `zegf e uke vcbfd`geg gc 5h.s gc 5h.s-5 -5 .Cste fpcred`ôk sc  .Cste fpcred`ôk sc rcp`tc dfhf hèk`hf trcs rcp`tc dfhf hèk`hf trcs vcdcs ck cb h`shf vcdcs ck cb h`shf bumer bumer. . Dfk be rcg ck duo`crte sc prfdcgc e Dfk be rcg ck duo`crte sc prfdcgc e tresvese tresveser cb lbtregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e r cb lbtregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e ftrf gc `mueb f ftrf gc `mueb f Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT GC WFHE GC HSCTW_E Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT GC WFHE GC HSCTW_E
  • 53. heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk `kg`dege ck ekcxfs. heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk `kg`dege ck ekcxfs.     Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9% Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9% Yfstcr`fr e be fpcred`ôk ektcr`fr sc Yfstcr`fr e be fpcred`ôk ektcr`fr sc nfhfmck`ze dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. nfhfmck`ze dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture eho`cktc. eho`cktc.
  • 54.     CK F_@BBE GC YBEPE CK F_@BBE GC YBEPE ◆ ◆ Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf Bfdeb`zer be csted`ôk gc hucstrcf ◆ ◆ Gfs pcrsfkes gcock `kmrcser eb her dfk uk oebgc gc 59 B y uke rcg (59ph). neste uke g`stekd`e prugcktc e be quc pucgek treoejer. Gfs pcrsfkes gcock `kmrcser eb her dfk uk oebgc gc 59 B y uke rcg (59ph). neste uke g`stekd`e prugcktc e be quc pucgek treoejer. ◆ ◆ Tc cspcre quc be fbe rcv`cktc y eb deof gc ebmukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf sc prfdcgc e dfbcdter be hucstre. Tc cspcre quc be fbe rcv`cktc y eb deof gc ebmukfs scmukgfs ck cb puktf gc hucstrcf sc prfdcgc e dfbcdter be hucstre. ◆ ◆ Tc dfbcdte uk tfteb gc 39 B gc emue gc her, bfs duebcs sfk btregfs ck be rcg. Tc dfbcdte uk tfteb gc 39 B gc emue gc her, bfs duebcs sfk btregfs ck be rcg. ◆ ◆ T` cb dfktck`gf tuv`csc ercke, scg`hcktf f hetcr`eb perdubegf ck eoukgekd`e, sc cspcre ukfs h`kutfs neste quc scg`hcktc y sc prfdcgc eb T` cb dfktck`gf tuv`csc ercke, scg`hcktf f hetcr`eb perdubegf ck eoukgekd`e, sc cspcre ukfs h`kutfs neste quc scg`hcktc y sc prfdcgc eb btregf. Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc be ercke cstå ck ukd`ôk gc be tchpcreture gcb her. pfr bf quc sc gcoc gcjer quc be ercke scg`hcktc cktrc 5 btregf. Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc be ercke cstå ck ukd`ôk gc be tchpcreture gcb her. pfr bf quc sc gcoc gcjer quc be ercke scg`hcktc cktrc 5 y ? h`kutfs. y ? h`kutfs. ◆ ◆ Tc prfdcgc e tresveser cb btregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e ftrf gc `mueb f heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf Tc prfdcgc e tresveser cb btregf fotck`gf ck cb resdf f rcd`p`cktc dfbcdtfr e ftrf gc `mueb f heyfr deped`geg, tck`ckgf ck duckte rftuber g`dnf rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e. rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e. ◆ ◆ Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9%. prfdcg`àkgfsc e nfhfmck`zer dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. Yere su prcscrved`ôk sc emrcme 59 hB gc frheb`ke eb ?9%. prfdcg`àkgfsc e nfhfmck`zer dfkvck`cktchcktc be hucstre. ◆ ◆ Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. Bever be rcg dfk emue gc her y prcpererbe pere be s`mu`cktc csted`ôk. ◆ ◆ Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture eho`cktc. Eb dfkdbu`r cb hfk`tfrcf y ye ck cb beofretfr`f, sc beve be rcg dfk emue gubdc gcjåkgfbe scder e tchpcreture eho`cktc.
  • 55.        CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F OFWCBBE K@TA@K (EYNE, ?993) OFWCBBE K@TA@K (EYNE, ?993) ◆ ◆ Oejer be oftcbbe K`sa`k e gfs f trcs Oejer be oftcbbe K`sa`k e gfs f trcs k`vcbcs (hcg`e emue y lfkgf) scmúk be prflukg`geg gc be csted`ôk, bbcmekgf neste 5h gcb k`vcbcs (hcg`e emue y lfkgf) scmúk be prflukg`geg gc be csted`ôk, bbcmekgf neste 5h gcb lfkgf tck`ckgf dfhf scõeb bfs lfkgf tck`ckgf dfhf scõeb bfs hercejcs gc prflukg`geg gc be bèkce hercejcs gc prflukg`geg gc be bèkce hegrc. hegrc. ◆ ◆ Cspcrer pfr bf hckfs 5 h`kutf pere su csteo`b`zed`ôk y ckv`er cb Cspcrer pfr bf hckfs 5 h`kutf pere su csteo`b`zed`ôk y ckv`er cb hcksejcrf, sc prfdcgcrå e `zer be oftcbbe e be supcrl`d`c y/f duo`crte gc be choerded`ôk. hcksejcrf, sc prfdcgcrå e `zer be oftcbbe e be supcrl`d`c y/f duo`crte gc be choerded`ôk. ◆ ◆ Tc rcm`strek bfs getfs Tc rcm`strek bfs getfs gc tchpcreture quc `kg`de cb tcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk gc gc tchpcreture quc `kg`de cb tcrhôhctrf gc `kvcrs`ôk gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k e be oftcbbe K`sa`k e be prflukg`geg csteobcd`ge. be prflukg`geg csteobcd`ge. ◆ ◆ Cb frgck pere be fotckd`ôk gc be hucstre gc emue uke vcz Cb frgck pere be fotckd`ôk gc be hucstre gc emue uke vcz ck be choerded`ôk cs be s`mu`cktc: fxèmckf, kutr`cktcs, seb`k`geg. pN y hucstres pere ck be choerded`ôk cs be s`mu`cktc: fxèmckf, kutr`cktcs, seb`k`geg. pN y hucstres pere l`tfpbekdtfk. l`tfpbekdtfk. ◆ ◆ Gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k sc tfhe uke Gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k sc tfhe uke suohucstre ck lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 suohucstre ck lresdfs gc >9 ô 599 hB. pere cbbf sc eorc cb tepôk gc rcsp`red`ôk y be v hB. pere cbbf sc eorc cb tepôk gc rcsp`red`ôk y be våbvube gc csdepc gc be oftcbbe åbvube gc csdepc gc be oftcbbe K`sa`k e be dueb sc K`sa`k e be dueb sc bc ne edfpbegf uke hekmucre (pucgc scr: gc jcoc; båtcx, s`b`dfke f YD) ck be bc ne edfpbegf uke hekmucre (pucgc scr: gc jcoc; båtcx, s`b`dfke f YD) ck be pertc `klcr`fr gcb hucstrcegfr pertc `klcr`fr gcb hucstrcegfr. be dueb sc . be dueb sc `ktrfgudc `ktrfgudc gcktrf gcb lresdf pere fotckcr be gcktrf gcb lresdf pere fotckcr be hucstre. hucstre. ◆ ◆ T` cb lresdf cs gc T` cb lresdf cs gc >9 hB. emrcmer ? hB gc lfrheb`ke (?9%) e be hucstre (uk ouck `kg`degfr gc be dfkdcktred`ôk sul`d`cktc gc lfrheb`ke cs cb >9 hB. emrcmer ? hB gc lfrheb`ke (?9%) e be hucstre (uk ouck `kg`degfr gc be dfkdcktred`ôk sul`d`cktc gc lfrheb`ke cs cb fbfr, cb dueb fbfr, cb dueb
  • 56. gcbete su prcsckd`e e be sfbe cxpfs`d`ôk gcb fbletf). gcbete su prcsckd`e e be sfbe cxpfs`d`ôk gcb fbletf). ◆ ◆ Be prcscrved`ôk teho`àk sc pucgc nedcr dfk sfbud`ôk gc bumfb-edàt`df Tc ut`b`ze cktrc 9.3 y 5.9 Be prcscrved`ôk teho`àk sc pucgc nedcr dfk sfbud`ôk gc bumfb-edàt`df Tc ut`b`ze cktrc 9.3 y 5.9 hB gc bumfb pere >9 hB gc hucstre. hB gc bumfb pere >9 hB gc hucstre. ◆ ◆ _ftuber dege lresdf dfk be _ftuber dege lresdf dfk be `klfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e `klfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e ◆ ◆ Cb rchekcktc gc be hucstre dfbcdtege ck be oftcbbe K`sa`k cs gcvucbtf eb Cb rchekcktc gc be hucstre dfbcdtege ck be oftcbbe K`sa`k cs gcvucbtf eb her. her.     HEKMSC_E (B@KGENB, 50><) HEKMSC_E (B@KGENB, 50><) ◆ ◆ Edfkg`d`fker be bfkm`tug gc be hekmucre dfkfrhc e bf csteobcd`gf ck cb Edfkg`d`fker be bfkm`tug gc be hekmucre dfkfrhc e bf csteobcd`gf ck cb ètch 3.5.?.5. o). ètch 3.5.?.5. o). ◆ ◆ Gcoc csteobcdcrsc ck bfs pr`hcrfs 3 h cb årce b` Gcoc csteobcdcrsc ck bfs pr`hcrfs 3 h cb årce b`orc gc hucstrcf, cstf sc rccrc e be scpered`ôk cktrc be supcrd`c orc gc hucstrcf, cstf sc rccrc e be scpered`ôk cktrc be supcrd`c gcb her y be ebture gc be choerded`ôk f puktf gc cjcdud`ôk gcb her y be ebture gc be choerded`ôk f puktf gc cjcdud`ôk gcb hucstrcf. gcb hucstrcf. ◆ ◆ Be tfhe gc be hucstre dfk hekmucre ck csted`fkcs gfkgc bes prfukg`gegcs sfk hckfrcs e =.3 Be tfhe gc be hucstre dfk hekmucre ck csted`fkcs gfkgc bes prfukg`gegcs sfk hckfrcs e =.3 h gcoc nedcrsc ck uk cstretf `ktcmregf gc 9 - = h gcoc nedcrsc ck uk cstretf `ktcmregf gc 9 - = h. h. ◆ ◆ Dcrd`frersc gcb ouck ukd`fkeh`cktf gc bes bbevcs (epcrture y d`crrc) gc be Dcrd`frersc gcb ouck ukd`fkeh`cktf gc bes bbevcs (epcrture y d`crrc) gc be hekmucre y cb åd`b ckrfsquc y gcsckrfsquc gc bes scdd`fkcs. hekmucre y cb åd`b ckrfsquc y gcsckrfsquc gc bes scdd`fkcs. ◆ ◆ Oejer cb hucstrcegfr muergekgf be vcrdeb`geg gc àstc, escmuråkgfsc quc bes bbevcs cstàk eo`crtes. Oejer cb hucstrcegfr muergekgf be vcrdeb`geg gc àstc, escmuråkgfsc quc bes bbevcs cstàk eo`crtes. ◆ ◆ Oejer be hekmucre e uke vcbfd`geg teb quc cb bbckegf Oejer be hekmucre e uke vcbfd`geg teb quc cb bbckegf gc àste sce uk`frhc y s`k turoubckd`e (5h s' gc àste sce uk`frhc y s`k turoubckd`e (5h s'5 5). ). ◆ ◆ Duekgf sc cstå e be prfukg`geg rcqucr`ge, sc d`cr Duekgf sc cstå e be prfukg`geg rcqucr`ge, sc d`crre be bbevc supcr`fr y sc prfdcgc e ` re be bbevc supcr`fr y sc prfdcgc e `zerbe. zerbe. ◆ ◆ Tudcs`vehcktc, dfkfrhc sc ve `zekgf cb hucstrcegfr. teho`àk sc vek dcrrekgf bes bbevcs gc Tudcs`vehcktc, dfkfrhc sc ve `zekgf cb hucstrcegfr. teho`àk sc vek dcrrekgf bes bbevcs gc bes suos`mu`cktcs scdd`fkcs. bes suos`mu`cktcs scdd`fkcs. ◆ ◆ Dfk be hekmucre ck duo`crte, sc prfdcgc e tresveser cb dfktck`gf gc dege scdd`ôk ck rcd`p`cktcs (? Dfk be hekmucre ck duo`crte, sc prfdcgc e tresveser cb dfktck`gf gc dege scdd`ôk ck rcd`p`cktcs (? e 3 B), prcv`ehcktc rftubegfs, teb cs esè quc e 3 B), prcv`ehcktc rftubegfs, teb cs esè quc e dege rcd`p`cktc bc dfrrcspfkgc uke e dege rcd`p`cktc bc dfrrcspfkgc uke scdd`ôk1 esè e be scdd`ôk scdd`ôk1 esè e be scdd`ôk gc 9 - 3 gc 9 - 3 h. bc dfrrcspfkgc cb rcd`p`cktc 9 - 3 h. bc dfrrcspfkgc cb rcd`p`cktc 9 - 3 h y esè sudcs`vehcktc. h y esè sudcs`vehcktc. ◆ ◆ Gc dege rcd`p`cktc sc tfhe uke suohucstre, prcv`e nfhfmck`zed`ôk y sc prfdcgc e jerbe dfk bes sfbud`fkcs Gc dege rcd`p`cktc sc tfhe uke suohucstre, prcv`e nfhfmck`zed`ôk y sc prfdcgc e jerbe dfk bes sfbud`fkcs gc bumfb edàdf f frheb`ke, scmúk peutes geges ck gc bumfb edàdf f frheb`ke, scmúk peutes geges ck cb `tch 3.?. cb `tch 3.?. ◆ ◆ Yfstcr`fr eb pesf ektcr`fr sc vucbvc e nfhfmck`zer be hucstre. Yfstcr`fr eb pesf ektcr`fr sc vucbvc e nfhfmck`zer be hucstre. ◆ ◆
  • 57. _ftuber dege rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e gcb puktf gc hucstrcf. _ftuber dege rcd`p`cktc dfk be `kfrhed`ôk kcdcser`e gcb puktf gc hucstrcf.     CW@USCW CW@USCWEGF GC EGF GC BET HSCTW_ET BET HSCTW_ET W Wfges bes hucstres y fges bes hucstres y prcpered`fkcs gcock cster: prcpered`fkcs gcock cster: Dfkvck`cktchcktc cqucteges gc frhe quc sc `gckquc dege uke Dfkvck`cktchcktc cqucteges gc frhe quc sc `gckquc dege uke gc cbbes. gc cbbes. Sk dôg`mf gc be hucstre, gc be csted`ôk, cdne gc dfbcdte, prcscrvektc ub`zegf y pcrsfke f Sk dôg`mf gc be hucstre, gc be csted`ôk, cdne gc dfbcdte, prcscrvektc ub`zegf y pcrsfke f ckgeg e dermf gc ckgeg e dermf gc be dfbcdte. Cb dôg`mf gc be hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc c be dfbcdte. Cb dôg`mf gc be hucstre scrv`rå gc ckbedc ck be oesc gc g k be oesc gc getfs. etfs. Cs `hpfrtektc `kg`der cb pf gc hucstre, cb hàtfgf y be prfukg`geg gc dfbcdte. Cs `hpfrtektc `kg`der cb pf gc hucstre, cb hàtfgf y be prfukg`geg gc dfbcdte. Tc gcoc ub`zer uk rftubegfr rcs`stcktc eb emue. Tc gcoc ub`zer uk rftubegfr rcs`stcktc eb emue.
  • 58.     EBHEDCKEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E Y_FOBCHE EBHEDCKEH@CKWF GC BE HSCTW_E Y_FOBCHE Tc ebhedckeråk hucstres prfobche (sch`duektevf y/ Tc ebhedckeråk hucstres prfobche (sch`duektevf y/f duektevf) pfr uk chpf kf hckfr e ? eõfs, ck f duektevf) pfr uk chpf kf hckfr e ? eõfs, ck dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc buz y tchpcreture, prcscrveges dfk uke sfbud`ôk q dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc buz y tchpcreture, prcscrveges dfk uke sfbud`ôk quc dfkscrvc pfr uk uc dfkscrvc pfr uk chpf chpf prfbfkmegf e bfs frmek`shfs. Cb bepsf g prfbfkmegf e bfs frmek`shfs. Cb bepsf gc ebhedckeh`cktf gc cstes hucstres scr c ebhedckeh`cktf gc cstes hucstres scrv`rå dfhf rcspebgf ektc v`rå dfhf rcspebgf ektc duebqu`cr cvcktueb`geg quc sc prcscktc. duebqu`cr cvcktueb`geg quc sc prcscktc.
  • 60.     CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F: FOTC_ED@ÔK Y_CB@H@KE_ (HCWFGFBFMÈE @HE_YC) CKTEPF TCH@DSEKW@WEW@F: FOTC_ED@ÔK Y_CB@H@KE_ (HCWFGFBFMÈE @HE_YC) Cb fojcvf pr`kd`peb gc Cb fojcvf pr`kd`peb gc cstc ekåb`s`s cs prfpfrd`fker uke v`s`ôk mckcreb gc cstc ekåb`s`s cs prfpfrd`fker uke v`s`ôk mckcreb gc be dfhpfs`d`ôk gc tfpbekdtfk be dfhpfs`d`ôk gc tfpbekdtfk ektcs gc rceb`zer cb ekåb`s`s duektevf gctebbegf. Cstc cstug`f prcb`h`ker eyuge e gctcrh`ker ektcs gc rceb`zer cb ekåb`s`s duektevf gctebbegf. Cstc cstug`f prcb`h`ker eyuge e gctcrh`ker be cstretcm`e be cstretcm`e gc dfktcf y teho`àk e be `gckded`ôk pfstcr`fr gc be hucstre prcscrvege. Ck cstc ckseyf pucgc epercdcr gc dfktcf y teho`àk e be `gckded`ôk pfstcr`fr gc be hucstre prcscrvege. Ck cstc ckseyf pucgc epercdcr `kfrhed`ôk eg`d`fkeb rcbcvektc, dfhf cb cstegf y d`rdukstekd`e `kfrhed`ôk eg`d`fkeb rcbcvektc, dfhf cb cstegf y d`rdukstekd`es gc be hucstre (pfr cjchpbf, pucgc s gc be hucstre (pfr cjchpbf, pucgc scr gc scr gc ub`geg rceb`zer uke ekfted`ôk sforc cb teheõf gc u ub`geg rceb`zer uke ekfted`ôk sforc cb teheõf gc uke dfbfk` ke dfbfk`e hucstre e hucstre rcsde  rcsde    bes dfbfk`es sc gcs`ktcmrek bes dfbfk`es sc gcs`ktcmrek
  • 61. ck cb prfdcsf gc dfkscrved`ôk, ctd.). ck cb prfdcsf gc dfkscrved`ôk, ctd.).     Y_FDCG@H@CKW Y_FDCG@H@CKWF GC F GC BE BE FOTC_ED@ÔK FOTC_ED@ÔK Y_CB@H@KE_ Y_CB@H@KE_ Gc be Gc be hucstre nfhfm hucstre nfhfmck`zege, sc ck`zege, sc tfhe uke suohucstre gc 4 hB, tfhe uke suohucstre gc 4 hB, eprfx`hegehcktc 79 mftes dfk eprfx`hegehcktc 79 mftes dfk p`pcte Yestcur y sc dfbfde ck uke p`pcte Yestcur y sc dfbfde ck uke pbede Yctr`. pbede Yctr`. Tc bbcve eb Tc bbcve eb h`drfsdfp`f cstcrcfsd h`drfsdfp`f cstcrcfsdfp`f fp`f pere su bcdture c `gckded`ôk dfk uk pere su bcdture c `gckded`ôk dfk uk euhcktf gc <,4^. Cstc prfdcsf sc euhcktf gc <,4^. Cstc prfdcsf sc
  • 62. rcp`tc 4 vcdcs pere bbcmer e gctcrh`ker rcp`tc 4 vcdcs pere bbcmer e gctcrh`ker e be tfteb`geg gc bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs. e be tfteb`geg gc bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs.     Tc ekftek tfges bes cspcd`cs `gckdeges cbeofrekgf uk b`stegf gc educrgf e be csdebe gc be eoukgekd`e rcbeve: Tc ekftek tfges bes cspcd`cs `gckdeges cbeofrekgf uk b`stegf gc educrgf e be csdebe gc be eoukgekd`e rcbeve: 7: Huy eoukgektc (heyfr gc ?9 dcb/d) 7: Huy eoukgektc (heyfr gc ?9 dcb/d) 4: Eoukge 4: Eoukgektc ktc (cktrc (cktrc 55 y 55 y ?9 dc ?9 dcb/d) b/d) ?: ?: Csdesf Csdesf (cktrc (cktrc 7 7 y y 59 59 dcb/d) dcb/d) 5: Yr 5: Yrcsc csckt ktc c (ck (cktr trc 5 y 4 dc c 5 y 4 dcb/ b/d) d) 9: Euscktc 9: Euscktc
  • 63. dcb/d8 dàbubes pfr dehpf dcb/d8 dàbubes pfr dehpf     KFWE: KFWE: Cstes cqu`vebckd`es cståk ck prfdcsf gc veb`ged`ôk.  Cstes cqu`vebckd`es cståk ck prfdcsf gc veb`ged`ôk. Bes cspcd`cs gc g`d`b g Bes cspcd`cs gc g`d`b gctcrh`ked`ôk sc scperek pere uk prcv`f treteh`cktf gc b`hp`cze, scpered`ôk gc ctcrh`ked`ôk sc scperek pere uk prcv`f treteh`cktf gc b`hp`cze, scpered`ôk gc pbedes, dfbfred`ôk u ftrf hàtfgf, pere scr foscrveges pbedes, dfbfred`ôk u ftrf hàtfgf, pere scr foscrveges ck cb h`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf. Cb ck cb h`drfsdfp`f dfhpucstf. Cb euhcktf chpbcegf euhcktf chpbcegf cs gc 79^ f 599^. cs gc 79^ f 599^. Tc rcpfrtek bfs rcsubtegfs Tc rcpfrtek bfs rcsubtegfs ck cb frhetf: ‒Ckseyf sch`duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk" (vcr ekcxf), ck cb ck cb frhetf: ‒Ckseyf sch`duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk" (vcr ekcxf), ck cb dueb sc dueb sc rcm`stre be fdurrckd`e y eoukgekd`e rcbeve gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`eb hcktc tôx`des y gc bes cspcd`cs rcm`stre be fdurrckd`e y eoukgekd`e rcbeve gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`eb hcktc tôx`des y gc bes cspcd`cs edfhpeõektcs. edfhpeõektcs.
  • 64.     CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F: DFKWCF DFK H@D_FTDFY@F @KC_W@GF (SWC_HÔNB) CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F: DFKWCF DFK H@D_FTDFY@F @KC_W@GF (SWC_HÔNB) Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk prcv`e gc be hucstre, ektcs gc ` Tc rcdfh`ckge rceb`zer uke v`sueb`zed`ôk prcv`e gc be hucstre, ektcs gc `k`d`er cb dfktcf, pere tckcr uke v`s`ôk k`d`er cb dfktcf, pere tckcr uke v`s`ôk mckcreb gc be dfhuk`geg tfpbekdtôk`de, prcv`f e cbcm`r be cstretcm`e gc dfktcf mckcreb gc be dfhuk`geg tfpbekdtôk`de, prcv`f e cbcm`r be cstretcm`e gc dfktcf Ney trcs ebtcrkeves gc dfktcf dfk bes Ney trcs ebtcrkeves gc dfktcf dfk bes dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk: dåheres gc scg`hckted`ôk:
  • 65.     e) e) KÚHC_F GC KÚHC_F GC DEHYFT TCBCDD@FKEGFT DEHYFT TCBCDD@FKEGFT EBCE EBCEWF_@EHCKWC WF_@EHCKWC Tc ub`ze uk rcdubf gc ]n`ppbc quc sc dfbfde ck cb fduber gcb h`drfsdfp`f. Cstc rcdubf cs uk g`sdf gc Tc ub`ze uk rcdubf gc ]n`ppbc quc sc dfbfde ck cb fduber gcb h`drfsdfp`f. Cstc rcdubf cs uk g`sdf gc v`gr`f quc ckc `hprcsf uk duegregf rcdubegf gc 59x59, g`v`g`gf ck 599 pertcs `muebcs. Cstc cbchcktf v`gr`f quc ckc `hprcsf uk duegregf rcdubegf gc 59x59, g`v`g`gf ck 599 pertcs `muebcs. Cstc cbchcktf pcrh`tc gcb`h`ter cb årce gc rcducktf y pcrh`tc gcb`h`ter cb årce gc rcducktf y esè bbcver be duckte gcb kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs. Gegf quc c esè bbcver be duckte gcb kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs. Gegf quc cste ste årce pucgc g`cr`r gc uk årce pucgc g`cr`r gc uk h`drfsdfp`f e ftrf y gcpckg`ckgf teho`àk gcb h`drfsdfp`f e ftrf y gcpckg`ckgf teho`àk gcb euhcktf chpbcegf, sc gcoc deb`orer euhcktf chpbcegf, sc gcoc deb`orer du`gegfsehcktc dege h`drfsdfp`f. du`gegfsehcktc dege h`drfsdfp`f. Bfs dehpfs pucgck scbcdd`fkersc pfr cb Bfs dehpfs pucgck scbcdd`fkersc pfr cb ekeb`ste gc uk hfgf ebcetfr`f (duye ebcetfr`cgeg pucgc vcr`dersc ekeb`ste gc uk hfgf ebcetfr`f (duye ebcetfr`cgeg pucgc vcr`dersc gurektc be veb`ged`ôk gcb prftfdfbf) f ub`zekgf uke pbeke cbcdtrôk`de dfk uk dfktrfbegfr `kdfrpfregf. gurektc be veb`ged`ôk gcb prftfdfbf) f ub`zekgf uke pbeke cbcdtrôk`de dfk uk dfktrfbegfr `kdfrpfregf.
  • 66.     o) DÅHE_E DFHYBCWE o) DÅHE_E DFHYBCWE Cs eprfp`egf pere gcks`gegcs oejes g Cs eprfp`egf pere gcks`gegcs oejes gc tfpbekdtfk (f ck be gctcdd`ôk gc c c tfpbekdtfk (f ck be gctcdd`ôk gc cspcd`cs reres), f pere cb rcducktf spcd`cs reres), f pere cb rcducktf gc cspcd`cs mrekgcs duye g`str`o gc cspcd`cs mrekgcs duye g`str`oud`ôk ck be dåhere kf pucgc scr ud`ôk ck be dåhere kf pucgc scr ebcetfr`e. ebcetfr`e. Cb dfktcf sc rceb`ze gcspbezekgf be dåhere gc err`oe-eoejf c `zqu`crge-gcrcdne y v` Cb dfktcf sc rceb`ze gcspbezekgf be dåhere gc err`oe-eoejf c `zqu`crge-gcrcdne y v`dcvcrse dcvcrse Tc ub`ze uke rcdube ck Tc ub`ze uke rcdube ck cb fduber quc dfktckme ? cb fduber quc dfktckme ?   bèkces perebcbes nfr`zfktebcs quc gcb`h`tek cb trekscdtf, bèkces perebcbes nfr`zfktebcs quc gcb`h`tek cb trekscdtf, prccr`obchcktc dfk uke tcrdcre bèkce vcrdeb quc bes drudc. prccr`obchcktc dfk uke tcrdcre bèkce vcrdeb quc bes drudc. Bes dàbubes ebmercs quc sc ckducktrck Bes dàbubes ebmercs quc sc ckducktrck cktrc bes bèkces gcb trekscdtf. sfk dfkteo`b`zeges e hcg`ge qu cktrc bes bèkces gcb trekscdtf. sfk dfkteo`b`zeges e hcg`ge quc c etrev`csek be bèkce vcrdeb. etrev`csek be bèkce vcrdeb. Equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc cstàk druzekgf be bèkce supcr`fr gcb trekscdtf, sc `kdbuyck ck cb rcducktf, pcrf kf Equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc cstàk druzekgf be bèkce supcr`fr gcb trekscdtf, sc `kdbuyck ck cb rcducktf, pcrf kf
  • 67. equcbbfs quc sc ckducktrck pfr be bèkce `kcr`fr, ye quc sc dfkteråk eb rceb`zer cb s`mu`cktc trekscdtf (f v`dcvcrse). equcbbfs quc sc ckducktrck pfr be bèkce `kcr`fr, ye quc sc dfkteråk eb rceb`zer cb s`mu`cktc trekscdtf (f v`dcvcrse).     DFKWCF GC W DFKWCF GC W_EKTCDW _EKTCDWFT FT
  • 68.     Y_FDCG@H@CKWF GCB CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F Y_FDCG@H@CKWF GCB CKTEPF DSEKW@WEW@F Tc nfhfmck`ze be hucstre {dfk hfv`h`cktfs rftetf Tc nfhfmck`ze be hucstre {dfk hfv`h`cktfs rftetfr`fs vcrdebcs y nfr`zfktebcs, du`gekgf gc kf r`fs vcrdebcs y nfr`zfktebcs, du`gekgf gc kf gcstru`r degckes f dfbfk`es). Cstfs gcstru`r degckes f dfbfk`es). Cstfs hfv`h`cktf hfv`h`cktfs sc s sc rceb`ze rceb`zek k pfr bf hckfs gurektc 5 e 4 h`kutfs Tc v`crtc cb dfktck`gf ck dfbuhkes f d`b`kgrfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 ô 39 hB. pere bucmf teper ck be pertc supcr`fr, pfr bf hckfs gurektc 5 e 4 h`kutfs Tc v`crtc cb dfktck`gf ck dfbuhkes f d`b`kgrfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 ô 39 hB. pere bucmf teper ck be pertc supcr`fr, cv`tekgf be frhed`ô cv`tekgf be frhed`ôk gc ouroujes k gc ouroujes gc e`rc gc e`rc Cb usf gc bfs d`b`k Cb usf gc bfs d`b`kgrfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 y/f 39 hB csterå ck ukd`ôk gc grfs gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?3 y/f 39 hB csterå ck ukd`ôk gc bes deredtcrèsdes gc dege årce bes deredtcrèsdes gc dege årce gc cstug`f. gc cstug`f. Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc bes Cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc bes hucstres ve e cster ck ukd`ôk gc be ebture gc hucstres ve e cster ck ukd`ôk gc be ebture gc be dfbuhke (dh) e user. Cb chpf quc sc be dfbuhke (dh) e user. Cb chpf quc sc use cs gc 4 use cs gc 4 nfres pfr dege nfres pfr dege dckhctrf gc be dfbuhke, esè sc ckc quc cb d`b`kgrf gc 39hB ckc uk chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?7 nfres y cb d`b`kgrf gc ?3hB cs gc dckhctrf gc be dfbuhke, esè sc ckc quc cb d`b`kgrf gc 39hB ckc uk chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk gc ?7 nfres y cb d`b`kgrf gc ?3hB cs gc 5? nfres 5? nfres Kf sc rcdfh`ckge cb usf gc Kf sc rcdfh`ckge cb usf gc dfbuhkes gc 599 hB, gco`gf e dfbuhkes gc 599 hB, gco`gf e be egncrckd`e gc pbekdtfktcs e bes p be egncrckd`e gc pbekdtfktcs e bes percgcs, esè ercgcs, esè dfhf be frhed`ôk gc dfrr`cktcs gc dfkvcdd`ôk, `hp`g`ckgf be scg`hckted`ôk. dfhf be frhed`ôk gc dfrr`cktcs gc dfkvcdd`ôk, `hp`g`ckgf be scg`hckted`ôk. Wr Wreksdurr`gf cb chpf g eksdurr`gf cb chpf gc scg`hckted`ôk, sc cb`h`kerå cb emue gc c scg`hckted`ôk, sc cb`h`kerå cb emue gc be dfbuhke e trevàs gc uk fr`d`f be dfbuhke e trevàs gc uk fr`d`f quc pfscc be quc pfscc be pbeke Be dfbuhke cs gcsb` pbeke Be dfbuhke cs gcsb`zege ned`e cb cxtrchf gfkgc cstå cb fr`d`f u zege ned`e cb cxtrchf gfkgc cstå cb fr`d`f ub`zekgf uke båh`ke duegrege gc v`gr`f b`zekgf uke båh`ke duegrege gc v`gr`f Be hucstre dfktck`ge ck be dåhere gc scg`hckted`ôk gcoc cster b`orc gc ouroujes, cv`tåkgfsc cb `kdrchcktf gc be tchpcreture ck cb Be hucstre dfktck`ge ck be dåhere gc scg`hckted`ôk gcoc cster b`orc gc ouroujes, cv`tåkgfsc cb `kdrchcktf gc be tchpcreture ck cb eho`cktc gc ckseyf. Tc rcdfh`ckge hektckcr dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc tchpcreture ck zfkes dåb`ges. eho`cktc gc ckseyf. Tc rcdfh`ckge hektckcr dfkg`d`fkcs dfktrfbeges gc tchpcreture ck zfkes dåb`ges.
  • 69. Tc prfdcgc e be bcdture gc be dåhere ub`zekgf uk h`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf. Tc prfdcgc e be bcdture gc be dåhere ub`zekgf uk h`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf.     DEHYFT DEHYFT P P F_MEK@T F_MEK@T HFT HFT EBMEBCT EBMEBCT E DFKWE_ E DFKWE_ Cb kúhcrf gc dehpfs u Cb kúhcrf gc dehpfs u fojctfs ebmercs quc fojctfs ebmercs quc dfkstuyck cb rcducktf dfkstuyck cb rcducktf pucgc gcd`g`rsc gc educrgf pucgc gcd`g`rsc gc educrgf eb k`vcb gc prcd`s`ôk eb k`vcb gc prcd`s`ôk rcqucr`gf, gegf quc be rcqucr`gf, gegf quc be prcd`s`ôk gcpckgc gcb prcd`s`ôk gcpckgc gcb kúhcrf gc fojctfs kúhcrf gc fojctfs ebmercs/dehpfs Be prcd`s`ôk ebmercs/dehpfs Be prcd`s`ôk (G) gc uk (G) gc uk rcduckt rcducktf pucgc f pucgc cxprcsersc dfhf crrfr cxprcsersc dfhf crrfr cståkger, dfhf prfpfrd`ôk cståkger, dfhf prfpfrd`ôk gc be hcg`e f hcg`ektc bfs gc be hcg`e f hcg`ektc bfs `ktcrvebfs gc dfkekze gcb `ktcrvebfs gc dfkekze gcb 03% ck tfrkf e be hcg`e. Ck 03% ck tfrkf e be hcg`e. Ck be heyfrèe gc bfs be heyfrèe gc bfs rcducktfs rcducktfs gc ruke, sc gcocrèe gc ruke, sc gcocrèe
  • 70. prccst prccsteobcdcr be eobcdcr be prcd`s`ôk. prcd`s`ôk.     BCDWS_E GC BET HSCTW_ET BCDWS_E GC BET HSCTW_ET Be `hpfrtekd`e ukgehckteb gc be epb`ded`ôk gc cstc prfdcg`h`cktf. Be `hpfrtekd`e ukgehckteb gc be epb`ded`ôk gc cstc prfdcg`h`cktf. 93 93 gctcrh`ker y duekder (dcb, B'  gctcrh`ker y duekder (dcb, B' 5 5 ) cb tfpbekdtfk ) cb tfpbekdtfk pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`df. pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`df. Be gctcrh`ked`ôk sc rceb`ze ub`zekgf bes dbevcs rcspcdves. Be gctcrh`ked`ôk sc rceb`ze ub`zekgf bes dbevcs rcspcdves. Be bcdture gc cspcd`cs sc ccdtúe hcg`ektc foscrved`ôk g`rcdte dfk h`drfsdf Be bcdture gc cspcd`cs sc ccdtúe hcg`ektc foscrved`ôk g`rcdte dfk h`drfsdfp`f `kvcrgf e 5<9^, ?U9^ p`f `kvcrgf e 5<9^, ?U9^ f 799^ gc euhcktf. f 799^ gc euhcktf. Bes dàbubes hckfrcs gc 39 ph Bes dàbubes hckfrcs gc 39 ph y bes hås eoukgektcs, sfk dfkteges ck uk årce gctcrh`kege dfk uk y bes hås eoukgektcs, sfk dfkteges ck uk årce gctcrh`kege dfk uk euhcktf gc 799^. euhcktf gc 799^. Bes dàbubes heyfrcs gc 39 ph sfk dfkteges ck be h`teg gcb Bes dàbubes heyfrcs gc 39 ph sfk dfkteges ck be h`teg gcb årce gc be dåhere dfk uk euhcktf gc ?99^ f 5<9^ årce gc be dåhere dfk uk euhcktf gc ?99^ f 5<9^ Tc dfhpbcte cb dfktcf dcbuber bcyckgf tfge be dåhere pere rcm`strer equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc kf sc gctcrh`kerfk ck be h`teg Tc dfhpbcte cb dfktcf dcbuber bcyckgf tfge be dåhere pere rcm`strer equcbbfs frmek`shfs quc kf sc gctcrh`kerfk ck be h`teg dfktege, perebcbehcktc sc rceb`ze cb dfktcf gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`des. dfktege, perebcbehcktc sc rceb`ze cb dfktcf gc bes cspcd`cs pftckd`ebhcktc tôx`des. Cb dfktcf ck uke g`emfkeb f årce gctcrh`kege, sc nerå s`chprc y duekgf cstes cspcd`cs scek eoukgektcs (heyfr e 53 Cb dfktcf ck uke g`emfkeb f årce gctcrh`kege, sc nerå s`chprc y duekgf cstes cspcd`cs scek eoukgektcs (heyfr e 53 dcb/dehpf). dcb/dehpf). Eb rceb`zer bfs dåbdubfs sc gcoc dfks`gcrer: s` cb vfbuhck cs gc 39 hB, bfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs eb euhcktf gc 799^, sfk hubpb`degfs pfr 39 y bucmf Eb rceb`zer bfs dåbdubfs sc gcoc dfks`gcrer: s` cb vfbuhck cs gc 39 hB, bfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs eb euhcktf gc 799^, sfk hubpb`degfs pfr 39 y bucmf
  • 71. pfr ?9. T` cb dfktcf cs ck tfge be oesc sc hubpb`de pfr ?9, h`cktres quc equcbbfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs ck be hcg`e oesc sc hubpb`dek pfr 79. pfr ?9. T` cb dfktcf cs ck tfge be oesc sc hubpb`de pfr ?9, h`cktres quc equcbbfs frmek`shfs dfktegfs ck be hcg`e oesc sc hubpb`dek pfr 79. Tc rcpfrtek Jfs rcsubtegfs ck cb frhetf gc "Ckseyf duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk‘ (vcr ekcxf), `kg`dekgf bes cspcd`cs tôx`des y su Tc rcpfrtek Jfs rcsubtegfs ck cb frhetf gc "Ckseyf duektevf gc tfpbekdtfk‘ (vcr ekcxf), `kg`dekgf bes cspcd`cs tôx`des y su gcks`geg pfr cspcd`c. Bfs rcsubtegfs sfk cxprcsegfs ck K¹ dcb.B' gcks`geg pfr cspcd`c. Bfs rcsubtegfs sfk cxprcsegfs ck K¹ dcb.B'5 5. .     Y_CD@T@ÔK Y_CD@T@ÔK Be prcd`s`ôk cs kfrhebhcktc cxprcsege e uk k`vcb gc s`mk`l`dekd`e Be prcd`s`ôk cs kfrhebhcktc cxprcsege e uk k`vcb gc s`mk`l`dekd`e gcb 03% dfhf uke prfpfrd`ôk gc gcb 03% dfhf uke prfpfrd`ôk gc be hcg`e. be hcg`e. Ck hudnfs cstug`fs sc ne gcd`g`gf quc, dfktekgf 39 uk`gegcs gc bes Ck hudnfs cstug`fs sc ne gcd`g`gf quc, dfktekgf 39 uk`gegcs gc bes cspcd`cs gfh`kektcs, cspcd`cs gfh`kektcs, eb 03% gc s`mk`l`dekd`e, eb 03% gc s`mk`l`dekd`e, ge uke prcd`s`ôk gc ?>%, be dueb cs ge uke prcd`s`ôk gc ?>%, be dueb cs sul`d`cktc. sul`d`cktc. Euhcktekgf be prcd`s`ôk ck ?9% ô 59% sc Euhcktekgf be prcd`s`ôk ck ?9% ô 59% sc kcdcs`terèe uk euhcktf kcdcs`terèe uk euhcktf grehåt`df ck bes uk`gegcs dfkteges e 599 y grehåt`df ck bes uk`gegcs dfkteges e 599 y 799 rcspcdt`vehcktc 799 rcspcdt`vehcktc Be prcd`s`ôk sc ge pfr be Be prcd`s`ôk sc ge pfr be s`mu`cktc cdued`ôk: s`mu`cktc cdued`ôk:     Yrcd`s`ôk (%) 8 Yrcd`s`ôk (%) 8? ?* *59U 59U K¹ dcb. dfkteges K¹ dcb. dfkteges Cstå dberf quc kf cs Cstå dberf quc kf cs pfs`obc dfkter 39 uk`gegcs pfs`obc dfkter 39 uk`gegcs gc tfges bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs ck uke hucstre. gc tfges bes cspcd`cs prcscktcs ck uke hucstre. Ebmukes cspcd`cs kf pucgck scr eoukgektcs y g`sh`ku`råk Ebmukes cspcd`cs kf pucgck scr eoukgektcs y g`sh`ku`råk be prcd`s`ôk mbfoeb. be prcd`s`ôk mbfoeb. Yere hektckcr uke prcd`s`ôk edcpteobc pere be hucstre cktcre, Yere hektckcr uke prcd`s`ôk edcpteobc pere be hucstre cktcre, gcoc dfktersc uk tfteb gc pfr bf gcoc dfktersc uk tfteb gc pfr bf hckfs 399 uk`gegcs (Aerbsfk ct eb. ?959). hckfs 399 uk`gegcs (Aerbsfk ct eb. ?959).
  • 72.
  • 73.     G Gf fk kg gc c: :       8 k`vcb gc s`mk`ded`ôk 8 k`vcb gc s`mk`ded`ôk k kgct gct 8 bèh`tc gc 8 bèh`tc gc gctcdd`ôk gctcdd`ôk     tfteb tfteb 8 kúhcrf tfteb gc dehpfs h`drfsdôp`dfs ck be 8 kúhcrf tfteb gc dehpfs h`drfsdôp`dfs ck be dåhere dåhere     dfktegfs dfktegfs 8 kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs 8 kúhcrf gc dehpfs dfktegfs 8 vfbuhck gc be suohucstre ck be dåhere 8 vfbuhck gc be suohucstre ck be dåhere    
  • 74.     W@CHYF GC CKW_CME GC W@CHYF GC CKW_CME GC _CTSBWEGFT _CTSBWEGFT
  • 75.     ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK CB ZFFYBEKDWFK DSHYBC SK _FB DBEC CK BE CB ZFFYBEKDWFK DSHYBC SK _FB DBEC CK BE W_EKTLC_CKD@E CKC_MÀW@DE GC BFT Y_FGSDWF_CT W_EKTLC_CKD@E CKC_MÀW@DE GC BFT Y_FGSDWF_CT Y_@HE_@FT LFWFT@KWÀW@DFT NED@E BFT K@CBCT Y_@HE_@FT LFWFT@KWÀW@DFT NED@E BFT K@CBCT W_ÔL@DFT TSYC_@F_CT (M_FTTY@CWTDN 5000, TSWNC_T & W_ÔL@DFT TSYC_@F_CT (M_FTTY@CWTDN 5000, TSWNC_T & _@TT@A ?990) _@TT@A ?990) NE T@GF CHYBCEGF DFHF @KG@DEGF_ GC DEB@GEG GC NE T@GF CHYBCEGF DFHF @KG@DEGF_ GC DEB@GEG GC EMSE GCO@GF E TS TCKT@O@B@GEG F WFBC_EKD@E E EMSE GCO@GF E TS TCKT@O@B@GEG F WFBC_EKD@E E _CT@GSFT F_MÅK@DFT P USÈH@DFT (YCG_FZF & _FDNE _CT@GSFT F_MÅK@DFT P USÈH@DFT (YCG_FZF & _FDNE ?993, @EKKEDFKC & EBE_@ÕF ?99=, LC_GFST & ?993, @EKKEDFKC & EBE_@ÕF ?99=, LC_GFST &
  • 76. HSAW HSAWEG@_ ?99 EG@_ ?990, N_E ?955, EOGSBBEN ?95? 0, N_E ?955, EOGSBBEN ?95?) )     Gctcrh`ked`ôk gcb Zffpbekdtfk Gctcrh`ked`ôk gcb Zffpbekdtfk Hàtfgf G`rcdtf: Hàtfgf G`rcdtf: _ceb`zer uk `kvckter`f gc bfs _ceb`zer uk `kvckter`f gc bfs texfkcs y uk rcducktf gc texfkcs y uk rcducktf gc bfs `kg`v`gufs prcscktcs gc dege bfs `kg`v`gufs prcscktcs gc dege texôk, hcg`ektc rcgcs gc hebbe 599 β texôk, hcg`ektc rcgcs gc hebbe 599 β
  • 77.     CKW_C BFT HÅT DFHSKCT GC KSCTW_E _CM@ÔK BE B@OC_WEG WCKCHFT CKW_C BFT HÅT DFHSKCT GC KSCTW_E _CM@ÔK BE B@OC_WEG WCKCHFT  Chcr`te ekebfme  Chcr`te ekebfme
  • 78.     HCWFGFBFM@E GC DFBCDWE GC ZFFYBEKDWFK TCMÚK CB H@KEK HCWFGFBFM@E GC DFBCDWE GC ZFFYBEKDWFK TCMÚK CB H@KEKQ?7X Q?7X CUS@YFTP CUS@YFTP HEWC_ HEWC_@EBCT @EBCT  GC Y_FWCDD@FK GC Y_FWCDD@FK YC_TFKEB YC_TFKEB  OFWET. OFWET.  MSEKWCT GC BÅWC^. MSEKWCT GC BÅWC^.  DNEBCDF TEBE@GET (DSEKGF CB HSCTW_CF TC NEDC GCTGC SKE CHOE_DED@ÔK). DNEBCDF TEBE@GET (DSEKGF CB HSCTW_CF TC NEDC GCTGC SKE CHOE_DED@ÔK).  YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E YE_E BE DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_E  MYT. MYT.  L@DNE GC DEHYF (EKC^F 5). L@DNE GC DEHYF (EKC^F 5).  BÅY@DCT P HE_DEGF_CT GC W@KWE @KGCBCOBC. BÅY@DCT P HE_DEGF_CT GC W@KWE @KGCBCOBC.  CW@USCWET GC YEYCB _CT@TWCKWC EB EMSE. CW@USCWET GC YEYCB _CT@TWCKWC EB EMSE.  L_ETDFT GC 39, 599 P ?99 HB YE_E BET HSCTW_ET. L_ETDFT GC 39, 599 P ?99 HB YE_E BET HSCTW_ET.  OEBGCT GC 3 OEBGCT GC 3 B@W_FT GC DEYED@GEG. B@W_FT GC DEYED@GEG.  _CG GC YBEKDWFK (KPWEB <9 Β, =9 _CG GC YBEKDWFK (KPWEB <9 Β, =9 Β, GC EOC_WS_E GC YF_F). Β, GC EOC_WS_E GC YF_F).  
  • 79. CUS@YF HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F YF_WÅW@B (YE_E EKÅB@T@T LÈT@DF USÈH@DFT @K T@WS: CUS@YF HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F YF_WÅW@B (YE_E EKÅB@T@T LÈT@DF USÈH@DFT @K T@WS:  WCHYC_E WCHYC_EWS_E, F^ÈMCKF WS_E, F^ÈMCKF G@TSCB G@TSCBWF, YN, WF, YN, DFKGSDW@@GEG CBÀDW_@DE). DFKGSDW@@GEG CBÀDW_@DE).  D@KWE GC CHOEBEJC. D@KWE GC CHOEBEJC.      _CEDW@F YÅ_  _CEDW@F YÅ_E BE E BEL@JED@FK G L@JED@FK GC BE H C BE HSCTW_E SCTW_E Tfbud`ôk gc lfrhfb eb 7-3%. Tfbud`ôk gc lfrhfb eb 7-3%. • • WÀDK@DET GC WÀDK@DET GC DFBCDW DFBCDWE E DSEKGF TC W_EWE GC CTWSG@FT WE^FKÔH@DFT (DSEB@WEW@F), DSEKGF TC W_EWE GC CTWSG@FT WE^FKÔH@DFT (DSEB@WEW@F), TC _CEB@ZE_Å TC _CEB@ZE_Å HCG@EKWC E__ETW_CT NF_@ZFKWEBCT P HCG@EKWC E__ETW_CT NF_@ZFKWEBCT P C_W C_W@DEBCT, BFT DSEBCT @DEBCT, BFT DSEBCT TC_ÅK @KWCKT@FT P GCOC_ÅK TC_ÅK @KWCKT@FT P GCOC_ÅK EOE_D EOE_DE_ M_EK Y E_ M_EK YE_WC GCB E_WC GCB CDFT@T CDFT@TWCHE WCHE CK CB CK CB DETF GC BEMFT DETF GC BEMFT FB@MFW_ÔL@DFT, G@TH@KSPCKGF FB@MFW_ÔL@DFT, G@TH@KSPCKGF BE BE @KWCKT@GEG @KWCKT@GEG DSEKGF TC DSEKGF TC W_EWE GC BEMFT HCTF P CSW_ÔL@DFT. W_EWE GC BEMFT HCTF P CSW_ÔL@DFT. T@ T@ TC TC US@C_C US@C_C DFKFDC_ DFKFDC_ BE BE Y_FGSDD@ÔK Y_FGSDD@ÔK TCDSKGE_@E TCDSKGE_@E GCB GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK, CB HÀWFGF CHYBCEGF ZFFYBEKDWFK, CB HÀWFGF CHYBCEGF TC_Å CB GC TC_Å CB GC L@B L@BW_EGF GC W_EGF GC FBÚHCKCT GC EMSE E W_E FBÚHCKCT GC EMSE E W_EÀT GC ÀT GC BET _CGCT BET _CGCT GC YBEKDWFK GC YBEKDWFK GC GC <9 F =9 Β GC <9 F =9 Β GC EOC_WS_E EOC_WS_E GC HEBBE. CB FBSHCK G GC HEBBE. CB FBSHCK GC C EMSE EMSE
  • 80. L@BW_EGF WEHO@ÀK GCYCKGC_Å GCB CTWEGF W_ÔL@DF GCB L@BW_EGF WEHO@ÀK GCYCKGC_Å GCB CTWEGF W_ÔL@DF GCB CDFT@TWCHE. CDFT@TWCHE.     • • @GCKW@L@DED@FK GC ZFFYBEKDWFK @GCKW@L@DED@FK GC ZFFYBEKDWFK • • CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC BEOF_EWF_@F CUS@YF P HEWC_@EB GC BEOF_EWF_@F • • H@D_FTDFY@F DFHYSCTWF H@D_FTDFY@F DFHYSCTWF CUS@Y CUS@YEGF DFK FDSBE_CT GC EGF DFK FDSBE_CT GC 59 F 59 F 5?.3, P FOJCW@FT GC 59^, 79^ P 599^. 5?.3, P FOJCW@FT GC 59^, 79^ P 599^. • • DÅHE_E G@M@WEB DÅHE_E G@M@WEBEDFYBEGE EB H@D_FTDFY@F. EDFYBEGE EB H@D_FTDFY@F. BÅH@KET P BÅH@KET P BEH@K@BBET GC ??^79 P ??^??. DÅHE_E GC TCGM]@DA-_ELWC_. BEH@K@BBET GC ??^79 P ??^??. DÅHE_E GC TCGM]@DA-_ELWC_. • • MFWC_FT. MFWC_FT. Y@YCW Y@YCWET. ET. • • CTW@BCWCT P Y@KZET. CTW@BCWCT P Y@KZET. • • DFBF_EKWCT (_FJF GC DFBF_EKWCT (_FJF GC OCKMEBE). MB@DC_@KE OCKMEBE). MB@DC_@KE (5 %). (5 %). • • MSÈET P DBE MSÈET P DBECT GC CT GC @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK. @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK. • • ETCMS_EH@CKWF GC BE DEB@GEG ETCMS_EH@CKWF GC BE DEB@GEG • • DFBCDWE DFBCDWE • • Y_CYE_E_ Y_CYE_E_ SK SK LF_HEWF LF_HEWF USC USC _CTSHE _CTSHE GC GC LF_HE LF_HE DBE_E DBE_E P P
  • 81. G@GÅDW@DE G@GÅDW@DE BFT Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT BFT Y_FDCG@H@CKWFT E E GCTE__FBBE_ CK CB GCTE__FBBE_ CK CB W_EOEJF GC DEHYF. W_EOEJF GC DEHYF.     @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P EKÅB@T@T GC BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P EKÅB@T@T GC BE HSCTW_E HSCTW_E • • DEYED@WE_ EB YC_TFKEB CK BE EYB@DED@ÔK DF__CDWE DEYED@WE_ EB YC_TFKEB CK BE EYB@DED@ÔK DF__CDWE GC GC DEGE DEGE Y_FDCG@H@CKWF Y_FDCG@H@CKWF F F STF STF GC GC CUS@YFT. CUS@YFT. • • DEB@O_E_ BFT CUS@YFT P BFT HÀWFGFT GC LF_HE DEB@O_E_ BFT CUS@YFT P BFT HÀWFGFT GC LF_HE _CMSBE_. _CMSBE_. • • CK@E_ CK@E_ HSCTW_ET HSCTW_ET GSYB@DEGET GSYB@DEGET Y YE_E E_E CB CB EKÅB@T@T EKÅB@T@T (@GCKW@L@ (@GCKW@L@DED@ÔK DED@ÔK P P _CDSCKWF) _CDSCKWF) E E BEOF_E BEOF_EWF_@FT WF_@FT C^WC_KFT, GC TC_ YFT@OBC E SK CTYCD@EB@TWE CK C^WC_KFT, GC TC_ YFT@OBC E SK CTYCD@EB@TWE CK WE^FKFHÈE P _CDSCKWF GC YBEKDWFK. WE^FKFHÈE P _CDSCKWF GC YBEKDWFK. • • WFGFT WFGFT BFT BFT _CTSB _CTSBW WEGFT EGFT GC GC BET BET HCG@GET HCG@GET CLCDWSEGET CLCDWSEGET CK CK DEHYF DEHYF P P GC GC BFT BFT EKÅB@T@T EKÅB@T@T CK CK BEOF_E BEOF_EWF_@F WF_@F TC TC DFKL_FKWE_EK YE_E @GCKW@L@DE_ CB M_EGF GC DFKL_FKWE_EK YE_E @GCKW@L@DE_ CB M_EGF GC
  • 82. DF__CTYFKGCKD@E. DF__CTYFKGCKD@E.     Y_FWFDFBF YE_E BE FOWCKD@ÔK GC Y_FWFDFBF YE_E BE FOWCKD@ÔK GC GE GEWFT FDCEKFM_ÅL WFT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DFT P @DFT P YBEKDWFK YBEKDWFK(?<) (?<)      CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF   YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF: BEKDNE  YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF: BEKDNE   DWG TCE O@_G TO-50  DWG TCE O@_G TO-50    OFWCBBE K@TA@K GC 3 B  OFWCBBE K@TA@K GC 3 B   G@TDF TCDDN@  G@TDF TCDDN@   _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E ZFFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, ?39 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)  _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E ZFFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, ?39 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)   _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E L@WFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, <9 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)  _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC YE_E L@WFYBEKDWFK (49 DH G@ÅHCW_F, <9 ΒH FJF GC HEBBE)   Y_FLSKGÈHCW_F  Y_FLSKGÈHCW_F   YNHCW_F  YNHCW_F    LBSJÔHCW_F  LBSJÔHCW_F   TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F  TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F   LBSF_ÔHCW_F  LBSF_ÔHCW_F   MYT  MYT   WE__FT GC 39, 399 P 4>99 HB  WE__FT GC 39, 399 P 4>99 HB   LF_HFB OSLC_@ZEGF EB 7 %  LF_HFB OSLC_@ZEGF EB 7 %
  • 83.   KCC_E  KCC_E   N@CBF TCDF  N@CBF TCDF   DB@KÔHCW_F  DB@KÔHCW_F     HÀWFGF GC HSCTW_CF HÀWFGF GC HSCTW_CF TC _CEB@ZE CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF E OF_GF GC BE TC _CEB@ZE CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF E OF_GF GC BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EB T@W@F TCBCDD@FKEGF YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EB T@W@F TCBCDD@FKEGF GC HFK@WF_CF. GC HFK@WF_CF. TC Y_FDCGC E _CM@TW_E_ CK TC Y_FDCGC E _CM@TW_E_ CK BE L@DNE BE L@DNE GC DEHYF, BE LCDNE, NF_E, Y_FLSKG@GEG P YFT@D@ÔK GC DEHYF, BE LCDNE, NF_E, Y_FLSKG@GEG P YFT@D@ÔK MCFM_ÅL@DE BE TCDSCKD@E GC HFK@WF_CF CTWÅ MCFM_ÅL@DE BE TCDSCKD@E GC HFK@WF_CF CTWÅ DFKLF_HEGE YF_ DSEW_F YETFT Y_@KD@YEBCT: DFKLF_HEGE YF_ DSEW_F YETFT Y_@KD@YEBCT: 5. 5. _CM@TW_F DFKW@KSF GC YE_ÅHCW_FT WC_HFNEB@KFT _CM@TW_F DFKW@KSF GC YE_ÅHCW_FT WC_HFNEB@KFT CK BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE. CK BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE. ?. ?. _CM@TW_F GC BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC _CM@TW_F GC BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE. EMSE.
  • 84. 4. 4. DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_ET G@TD_CWET GC EMSE E DFBCDWE GC HSCTW_ET G@TD_CWET GC EMSE E Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTWÅKGE_. Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTWÅKGE_.     • • BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE TC CTWEOBCDC BE W_EKTYE_CKD@E GC BE DFBSHKE GC EMSE TC CTWEOBCDC DFK SK G@TDF TCDDN@. DFK SK G@TDF TCDDN@. • • Y YE_E E_E WFHE_ BET HSCTW_E WFHE_ BET HSCTW_ET G@TD_CWET T G@TD_CWET GC GC EMSE TC EMSE TC SW@B SW@B@ZE @ZE SKE OFWCBBE SKE OFWCBBE K@TA@K USC K@TA@K USC TC NEDC GCT TC NEDC GCTDCKGC_ E DCKGC_ EBET BET Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTW Y_FLSKG@GEGCT CTWÅKGE_: 9, 59, 49 P 39 H. SKE CZ BE ÅKGE_: 9, 59, 49 P 39 H. SKE CZ BE OFWCBBE _CM_CTE E BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF TC OFWCBBE _CM_CTE E BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF TC Y_FDCGC Y_FDCGC E E WFHE_ WFHE_ CB CB _CM@TW_F G@_CDWF _CM@TW_F G@_CDWF GC GC F^ÈMCKF F^ÈMCKF G@TSCBWF, WCHYC_EWS_E P TEB@K@GEG SW@B@ZEKGF SKE G@TSCBWF, WCHYC_EWS_E P TEB@K@GEG SW@B@ZEKGF SKE TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F PT@ TFKGE HSBW@YE_ÅHCW_F PT@ • • TC CTWEOBCDC CB EBF_ GC YN SW@B@ZEKGF SK YNHCW_F TC CTWEOBCDC CB EBF_ GC YN SW@B@ZEKGF SK YNHCW_F Y_C@EHCKWC DEB@O_EGF Y_C@EHCKWC DEB@O_EGF • • TC WFHE SKE EBÈDSFWE GC 3 HB YE_E _CM@TW_E_ BE TC WFHE SKE EBÈDSFWE GC 3 HB YE_E _CM@TW_E_ BE DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@B DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC DBF_FL@BE-E CK @F P E-E CK @F PWS_O@GCZ WS_O@GCZ
  • 85. SW@B@ZEKGF SK LBSF_ÔHCW_F YF_WÅW@B DEB@O_EGF. SW@B@ZEKGF SK LBSF_ÔHCW_F YF_WÅW@B DEB@O_EGF.     YE_E DFBCDWE_ CB YBEKDWFK TC YE_E DFBCDWE_ CB YBEKDWFK TC _CEB@ZEK E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT _CEB@ZEK E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT YE_E CB ZFFYBEKDWFK YE_E CB ZFFYBEKDWFK BFT E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT TC _CEB@ZEK E SKE Y_FLSKG@GEG BFT E__ETW_CT FOB@DSFT TC _CEB@ZEK E SKE Y_FLSKG@GEG USC GCYCKGC GC BE Y_FLSKG@GEG GC BE CTWED@ÔK (YE_E CB USC GCYCKGC GC BE Y_FLSKG@GEG GC BE CTWED@ÔK (YE_E CB YKK MF_MFKE, BE Y_FLSKG@GEG HÅ^@HE SW@B@ZEGE CT 39 H). YKK MF_MFKE, BE Y_FLSKG@GEG HÅ^@HE SW@B@ZEGE CT 39 H). E BE _CG TC EJSTWE SK YCTF USC YC_H@WC USC CTWE BBCMSC E BE _CG TC EJSTWE SK YCTF USC YC_H@WC USC CTWE BBCMSC NETWE BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. NETWE BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. CK BE OFDE GC BE _CG TC @KTWEBE SK LBSJÔHCW_F USC CT CK BE OFDE GC BE _CG TC @KTWEBE SK LBSJÔHCW_F USC CT OÅT@DEHCKWC SKE NÀB@DC USC M@_E DFK CB YETF GCB EMSE, OÅT@DEHCKWC SKE NÀB@DC USC M@_E DFK CB YETF GCB EMSE, _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC M@_FT GS_EKWC CB E__ETW_C P CTWC _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC M@_FT GS_EKWC CB E__ETW_C P CTWC GEWF YC_H@WC DEBDSBE_ YFTWC_@F_HCKWC CB FBSHCK GC GEWF YC_H@WC DEBDSBE_ YFTWC_@F_HCKWC CB FBSHCK GC EMSE L@BW_EGF USC TC SW@B@ZE_Å YE_E CTWEKGE_@ZE_ BE EMSE L@BW_EGF USC TC SW@B@ZE_Å YE_E CTWEKGE_@ZE_ BE
  • 86. EOSKGEKD@E GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK. EOSKGEKD@E GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK.     • • CK CB C^W_CHF GC CK CB C^W_CHF GC BE _CG TC SO@DE SK DFBCDWF_, CK CB USC BE _CG TC SO@DE SK DFBCDWF_, CK CB USC USCGE_Å CB USCGE_Å CB ZFFYBEKDWFK GCTYSÀT GC USC CB EMSE NE YETEGF YF_ BFT YF_FT GC BE ZFFYBEKDWFK GCTYSÀT GC USC CB EMSE NE YETEGF YF_ BFT YF_FT GC BE _CG. CK CB HFHCKWF CK CB USC BE _CG TC DFBFDE CK CB EMSE, BE _CG. CK CB HFHCKWF CK CB USC BE _CG TC DFBFDE CK CB EMSE, BE YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EEKZE E SKE CBFD@GEG DFKTWEKWC (7 -> YBEWELF_HE GC HSCTW_CF EEKZE E SKE CBFD@GEG DFKTWEKWC (7 -> AH∐N-5), P TC CHY@CZE E _CM@TW_E_ CB W@CHYF, NETWE USC BE _CG EBDEKZE AH∐N-5), P TC CHY@CZE E _CM@TW_E_ CB W@CHYF, NETWE USC BE _CG EBDEKZE BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. E YE_W@_ GC CTWC HFHCKWF TC DSCKWEK BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE. E YE_W@_ GC CTWC HFHCKWF TC DSCKWEK T@CWC H@KSWFT P YETEGF CTWC W@CHYF TC DFH@CKZE E _CDFMC_ BE _CG. T@CWC H@KSWFT P YETEGF CTWC W@CHYF TC DFH@CKZE E _CDFMC_ BE _CG. L@KEBHCKWC TC WFHE CB W@CHYF USC TC GCHF_E BE _CG CK TEB@_ E BE L@KEBHCKWC TC WFHE CB W@CHYF USC TC GCHF_E BE _CG CK TEB@_ E BE TSYC_L@D@C. YE_E DEBDSBE_ BE Y_FLSKG@GEG _CEB E BE DSEB NE TSYC_L@D@C. YE_E DEBDSBE_ BE Y_FLSKG@GEG _CEB E BE DSEB NE BBCMEGF BE _CG GC ZFFYBEKDWFK, TC SW@B@ZE SK DB@KÔHCW_F YE_E BBCMEGF BE _CG GC ZFFYBEKDWFK, TC SW@B@ZE SK DB@KÔHCW_F YE_E HCG@_ CB ÅKMSBF USC LF_HE CB DEOF GC BE _CG DFK _CTYCDWF EB CJC P HCG@_ CB ÅKMSBF USC LF_HE CB DEOF GC BE _CG DFK _CTYCDWF EB CJC P H@CKW_ET BE _CG TC CKDSCKW_E CK BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE YE_E H@CKW_ET BE _CG TC CKDSCKW_E CK BE Y_FLSKG@GEG CTWEOBCD@GE YE_E CB E__ETW_C. SKE CZ BE _CG TEBC E TSYC_L@D@C P TC SO@DE EB @KWC_@F_ CB E__ETW_C. SKE CZ BE _CG TEBC E TSYC_L@D@C P TC SO@DE EB @KWC_@F_ GC BE CHOE_DED@ÔK, TC YETE CB DFKWCK@GF GCB DFBCDWF_ E SK WE__F GC BE CHOE_DED@ÔK, TC YETE CB DFKWCK@GF GCB DFBCDWF_ E SK WE__F GC 399 HB P TC L@JE DFK LF_HFB EB 7%. YE_E BFT E__ETW_CT GC GC 399 HB P TC L@JE DFK LF_HFB EB 7%. YE_E BFT E__ETW_CT GC ZFFYBEKDWFK TC _CDFH@CKGE CB STF GC SKE _CG OFKMF, BE DSEB C@WE ZFFYBEKDWFK TC _CDFH@CKGE CB STF GC SKE _CG OFKMF, BE DSEB C@WE USC F_MEK@THFT GC HEPF_ WEHEÕF GCWCDWCK BE _CG, PE USC E USC F_MEK@THFT GC HEPF_ WEHEÕF GCWCDWCK BE _CG, PE USC E
  • 87. G@LC_CKD@E GC BE _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC KF W@CKC CB DEOF CK L_CKWC GC G@LC_CKD@E GC BE _CG DÔK@DE T@HYBC KF W@CKC CB DEOF CK L_CKWC GC TST EOC_WS_ET TST EOC_WS_ET     CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC BET HSCTW_ET CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC BET HSCTW_ET • • WFGFT BFT L_ETDFT GC YBÅTW@DF USC TC SW@B@ZEK YE_E WFGFT BFT L_ETDFT GC YBÅTW@DF USC TC SW@B@ZEK YE_E DFBCDWE_ BET HSCTW_ET GC EMSE, PE TCE YE_E CB EKÅB@T@T DFBCDWE_ BET HSCTW_ET GC EMSE, PE TCE YE_E CB EKÅB@T@T GC KSW_@CKWCT F YE_E DSEKW@L@DE_ CB HEWC_@EB GC KSW_@CKWCT F YE_E DSEKW@L@DE_ CB HEWC_@EB F_MÅK@DF YE_W@DSBEGF, TC _FWSBEK P CW@USCWEK DFK F_MÅK@DF YE_W@DSBEGF, TC _FWSBEK P CW@USCWEK DFK D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_ CK BE YE_WC C^WC_KE. CK CTWE D@KWE D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_ CK BE YE_WC C^WC_KE. CK CTWE D@KWE TC _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC BE CTWED@ÔK P BE Y_FLSKG@GEG TC _CM@TW_E CB KÚHC_F GC BE CTWED@ÔK P BE Y_FLSKG@GEG GC Y_FDCGCKD@E GC BE HSCTW_E. GC Y_FDCGCKD@E GC BE HSCTW_E. • • BFT WE__FT GC 399 HB DFK BET HSCTW_ET GC YBEKDWFK, BFT WE__FT GC 399 HB DFK BET HSCTW_ET GC YBEKDWFK, BBCEK SKE CW@USCWE C^WC_KE GC D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_, BBCEK SKE CW@USCWE C^WC_KE GC D@KWE GC CKHETDE_E_, ETÈ DFHF SKE CW@USCWE @KWC_KE GC YEYCB YC_MEH@KF DFK ETÈ DFHF SKE CW@USCWE @KWC_KE GC YEYCB YC_MEH@KF DFK BE T@MS@CKWC @KLF_HED@ÔK: BFDEB@GEG, LCDNE, NF_E, BE T@MS@CKWC @KLF_HED@ÔK: BFDEB@GEG, LCDNE, NF_E,
  • 88. CTWED@ÔK, DFKWCF GCB LBSJÔHCW_F P E__ETW_C EB USC CTWED@ÔK, DFKWCF GCB LBSJÔHCW_F P E__ETW_C EB USC YC_WCKCDC (ZFFYBEKDWFK F L@WFYBEKDWFK). YC_WCKCDC (ZFFYBEKDWFK F L@WFYBEKDWFK).     Y_FWFDFBF CK BEOF_EWF_@F Y_FWFDFBF CK BEOF_EWF_@F CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF CUS@YF GC W_EOEJF HÈK@HF _CUSC_@GF   L@DNET WÀDK@DET  L@DNET WÀDK@DET    L@BW_FT YE_E DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK P ZFFYBEKDWFK (<9 ΒH)  L@BW_FT YE_E DFKDCKW_ED@ÔK GC L@WFYBEKDWFK P ZFFYBEKDWFK (<9 ΒH)   Y@KZET L@KET P YBEKET  Y@KZET L@KET P YBEKET   EMSE GCTW@BEGE  EMSE GCTW@BEGE   A@W  A@W K@W_E K@W_EWFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF5707? WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF5707?   A@W K@W_@WFT (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57==<  A@W K@W_@WFT (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57==<   A@W EHFK@F (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57=3?  A@W EHFK@F (HC_DA) HÀWFGF LFWFHÀW_@DF 57=3?   A@W  A@W LFTLE LFTLE WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57>7> WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57>7>    A@W  A@W T@B@DE T@B@DEWFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57=07 WFT (HC_DA)HÀWFGFLFWFHÀW_@DF57=07   WSOFT GC CKTEPF  WSOFT GC CKTEPF   Y@YCWET GC 5 P 3 HB  Y@YCWET GC 5 P 3 HB   CTYCDW_FLFWÔHCW_F HC_DA KFE <9  CTYCDW_FLFWÔHCW_F HC_DA KFE <9   OETC YE_E L@BW_ED@ÔK  OETC YE_E L@BW_ED@ÔK   OFHOE GC EDÈF  OFHOE GC EDÈF   Y_FOCWE GC 5999 HB  Y_FOCWE GC 5999 HB
  • 89.     Y_FDCTEGF GC HSCTW_ET Y_FDCTEGF GC HSCTW_ET • • YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P DFKWCF GC BFT M_EKGCT M_SYFT YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK P DFKWCF GC BFT M_EKGCT M_SYFT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE CK GFT YE_WCT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE CK GFT YE_WCT @MSEBCT DFK SK DSE_WCEGF_. DFK BE H@WEG GC BE @MSEBCT DFK SK DSE_WCEGF_. DFK BE H@WEG GC BE HSCTW_E, F DFK BE WFWEB@GEG GC BE HSCTW_E GCB TCMSKGF HSCTW_E, F DFK BE WFWEB@GEG GC BE HSCTW_E GCB TCMSKGF DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF), TC _CEB@ZE BE DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF), TC _CEB@ZE BE CTW@HED@ÔK GC BE O@FHETE GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK, T@MS@CKGF CTW@HED@ÔK GC BE O@FHETE GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK, T@MS@CKGF CB Y_FWFDFBF Y_FYSCTWF YF_ YFTWCB CW EB. (?999). CB Y_FWFDFBF Y_FYSCTWF YF_ YFTWCB CW EB. (?999).
  • 90.     • • YE_E CTWF, Y_@HC_F TC CB@H@KE CB C^DCTF GC EMSE GC BET HSCTW_ET GC YE_E CTWF, Y_@HC_F TC CB@H@KE CB C^DCTF GC EMSE GC BET HSCTW_ET GC ZFFYBEKDWFK HCG@EKWC L@BW_ED@ÔK E W_EÀT GC L@BW_FT GC DCBSBFTE ZFFYBEKDWFK HCG@EKWC L@BW_ED@ÔK E W_EÀT GC L@BW_FT GC DCBSBFTE (Y_C@EHCKWC YCTEGFT) (L@MS_E 7>), BFT DSEBCT GCTYSÀT TFK GCYFT@WEGFT (Y_C@EHCKWC YCTEGFT) (L@MS_E 7>), BFT DSEBCT GCTYSÀT TFK GCYFT@WEGFT CK SK TFO_C GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F JSKWF DFK BE HSCTW_E GC ZFFYBEKDWFK CK SK TFO_C GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F JSKWF DFK BE HSCTW_E GC ZFFYBEKDWFK YE_E TC_ YCTEGFT, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC ETÈ CB YCTF NÚHCGF GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK. YE_E TC_ YCTEGFT, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC ETÈ CB YCTF NÚHCGF GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK. YE_E FOWCKC_ CB YCTF TCDF, BET HSCTW_ET TC DFBFDEK CK SK NF_KF E <9¹D YE_E FOWCKC_ CB YCTF TCDF, BET HSCTW_ET TC DFBFDEK CK SK NF_KF E <9¹D GS_EKWC ?7 F 7> NF_ET, GCYCKG@CKGF GC BE DFHYFT@D@ÔK GC BE HSCTW_E GS_EKWC ?7 F 7> NF_ET, GCYCKG@CKGF GC BE DFHYFT@D@ÔK GC BE HSCTW_E (HEPF_ W@CHYF T@ NEP HÅT DEKW@GEG GC F_MEK@THFT MCBEW@KFTFT). (HEPF_ W@CHYF T@ NEP HÅT DEKW@GEG GC F_MEK@THFT MCBEW@KFTFT). W_EKTDS__@GF CTWC W@CHYF BET HSCTW_ET TC GCJEK CKL_@E_ GS_EKWC 49 W_EKTDS__@GF CTWC W@CHYF BET HSCTW_ET TC GCJEK CKL_@E_ GS_EKWC 49 H@KSWFT, YE_E BF DSEB TC @KW_FGSDCK CK SK GCTCDEGF_ DFK TÈB@DE, H@KSWFT, YE_E BF DSEB TC @KW_FGSDCK CK SK GCTCDEGF_ DFK TÈB@DE, C@WEKGF ETÈ USC EGUS@C_EK KSCEHCKWC NSHCGEG. YFTWC_@F_HCKWC, BET C@WEKGF ETÈ USC EGUS@C_EK KSCEHCKWC NSHCGEG. YFTWC_@F_HCKWC, BET HSCTW_ET TC YCTEK, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC BE O@FHETE YF_ G@LC_CKD@E GC YCTF HSCTW_ET TC YCTEK, FOWCK@ÀKGFTC BE O@FHETE YF_ G@LC_CKD@E GC YCTF (YCTF TCDF - (YCTF L@BW_F + YCTF TFO_C EBSH@K@F)). BE O@FHETE FOWCK@GE, TC (YCTF TCDF - (YCTF L@BW_F + YCTF TFO_C EBSH@K@F)). BE O@FHETE FOWCK@GE, TC CTWEKGE_@ZE YF_ CB FBSHCK GC EMSE L@BW_EGF YE_E DEGE CTWED@ÔK. CTWEKGE_@ZE YF_ CB FBSHCK GC EMSE L@BW_EGF YE_E DEGE CTWED@ÔK. • • YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK TC SW@B@ZE BE FW_E H@WEG GC BE YE_E BE @GCKW@L@DED@ÔK GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK TC SW@B@ZE BE FW_E H@WEG GC BE HSCTW_E F BE HSCTW_E DFKWCK@GE CK CB Y_@HC_ DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC HSCTW_E F BE HSCTW_E DFKWCK@GE CK CB Y_@HC_ DFBCDWF_ (CK DETF GC STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF). TÈ BE HSCTW_E CT HSP GCKTE, TC _CDFH@CKGE STE_ SKE _CG OFKMF). TÈ BE HSCTW_E CT HSP GCKTE, TC _CDFH@CKGE
  • 91. L_EDD@FKE_BE YE_E LED@B@WE_ BE _C@T@ÔK. BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE DFK L_EDD@FKE_BE YE_E LED@B@WE_ BE _C@T@ÔK. BE HSCTW_E TC L_EDD@FKE DFK SK DSE_WCEGF_ NETWE FOWCKC_ SKE TSOHSCTW_E CUS@EBCKWC E ¸, ² F ⅑ SK DSE_WCEGF_ NETWE FOWCKC_ SKE TSOHSCTW_E CUS@EBCKWC E ¸, ² F ⅑ GCBWFWEB. GCBWFWEB.     CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC HSCTW_ET CW@USCWEGF P DFKTC_ED@ÔK GC HSCTW_ET • • BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F CK BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F CK BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE YE_W@DSBEGE TC BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE HEWC_@E F_MÅK@DE YE_W@DSBEGE TC CW@USCWEK DFK: BE BFDEB@GEG, BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB CW@USCWEK DFK: BE BFDEB@GEG, BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB L@BW_F, L@BW_F, BE BE CTWED@ÔK CTWED@ÔK P P BE BE Y_FLSK Y_FLSKG@GEG G@GEG, , STEKG STEKGF F BE BE WÀDK@DE WÀDK@DE GC GC M_EOEGF. M_EOEGF. BFT BFT TFO_CT GC TFO_CT GC Y YEYCB EYCB EBSH@K@F CK EBSH@K@F CK BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE O@FHETE BFT USC TC GCYFT@WEK BFT L@BW_FT DFK BE O@FHETE ZFFYBEKDWÔK@DE, GCOCK CW@USCWE_TC DFK BE BFDEB@GEG, ZFFYBEKDWÔK@DE, GCOCK CW@USCWE_TC DFK BE BFDEB@GEG, BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB L@BW_F P BE CTWED@ÔK, STEKGF BE BE LCDNE, CB KÚHC_F GCB L@BW_F P BE CTWED@ÔK, STEKGF BE H@THE H@THE WÀDK@ WÀDK@DE. TC DE. TC STE STE BE BE WÀDK@ WÀDK@DE DE GCB GCB M_EOEG M_EOEGF Y F YE_E E_E HE_DE_ BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F, GCO@GF E USC BE HE_DE_ BFT TFO_CT GC YEYCB EBSH@K@F, GCO@GF E USC BE W@KWE GC SK HE_DEGF_ F SK _EY@GÔM_ELF YFG_ÈE W@KWE GC SK HE_DEGF_ F SK _EY@GÔM_ELF YFG_ÈE
  • 92. OF__E_TC GCTYSÀT GC TFHCWC_TC E EBWET WCHYC_EWS_ET. OF__E_TC GCTYSÀT GC TFHCWC_TC E EBWET WCHYC_EWS_ET.     EBMSKFT W_EOEJFT EBMSKFT W_EOEJFT • • @DW@FYBEKDWFK @DW@FYBEKDWFK P P ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK GS_EKWC BE GS_EKWC BE Y_FTYCDD@FK Y_FTYCDD@FK GCB GCB _CDBSWEH@CKWF _CDBSWEH@CKWF GC GC _CDS_TFT YCBEM@DFT 009< _CDS_TFT YCBEM@DFT 009< Q?=X Q?=X     _CTSBWEGFT _CTSBWEGFT CB CB ZFFYBEKD ZFFYBEKDWFK CTWSF WFK CTWSF DFKLF_HE DFKLF_HEGF YF_ GF YF_ DFYÀYFGF DFYÀYFGFT, T, USCWFMKEWFT, USCWFMKEWFT, T@LFKÔLF_F T@LFKÔLF_FT, T, CSLÅST@GFT, CSLÅST@GFT, GCDÅYFGFT, GCDÅYFGFT, CKW_C FW_FT, CKW_C FW_FT, T@CKGF BFT T@CKGF BFT DFYÀYFGFT DFYÀYFGFT BFT BFT USC USC Y_CTCKWE_FK Y_CTCKWE_FK CB CB HEPF_ HEPF_ KÚHC_F KÚHC_F GC GC CTYCD@C CTYCD@CT. T. E E K@CB K@CB GC GC @KG@DEGF_CT @KG@DEGF_CT O@FBÔM@DFT, O@FBÔM@DFT, TC TC GCWC_H@KÔ GCWC_H@KÔ BE BE Y_CTCKD@E Y_CTCKD@E GC GC BET BET CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET GC CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET GC BET BET EMSET EMSET DFTWC_ET DFTWC_ET L_ÈET L_ÈET (EDL): (EDL):  CSDEBEKST  CSDEBEKST @KC_H@T @KC_H@T P P DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST1 DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST1 EGCHÅT EGCHÅT TC TC FOTC_Ô FOTC_Ô BE BE Y_CTCKD@ Y_CTCKD@E E GC GC DFYÀYFGFT DFYÀYFGFT Y_FY@FT Y_FY@FT GC BET EMSET GC BET EMSET TSOW_FY@DEBCT TSOW_FY@DEBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT (ETT) (ETT) DFHF DFHF FKDECE DFKÈLC_E. FKDECE DFKÈLC_E. BE Y_CTCKD@E GC CTWET BE Y_CTCKD@E GC CTWET CTYCD@CT CK CTYCD@CT CK BE BE ZFKE ZFKE GC GC HSCTW_CF CT HSCTW_CF CT DFKDF_GEKWC DFKDF_GEKWC DFK BET DFKG@D@FKCT DFK BET DFKG@D@FKCT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET CKDFKW_EGET CKDFKW_EGET YF_ YF_ HF_ÔK P HF_ÔK P D_@TYLK( D_@TYLK(5000), US@CK 5000), US@CKCT GCTD_@OCK CK CT GCTD_@OCK CK CTWE CTWE ZFKE ZFKE DE_EDWC DE_EDWC_ÈTW@DET _ÈTW@DET GC BET GC BET EDL ESKUSC EDL ESKUSC DFK SKE DFK SKE
  • 93. TEB@K@GEG B@MC_EHCKWC TEB@K@GEG B@MC_EHCKWC CBCEGE YF_ CBCEGE YF_ CB CBEDC_DEH EDC_DEH@CKWF @CKWF GC GC BET BET ETT ETT     @KLF_HC GC BET @KLF_HC GC BET DFKG@D@FKCT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET P O@FBÔM@DF YCTUSC_ET JSK@F DFKG@D@FKCT FDCEKFM_ÅL@DET P O@FBÔM@DF YCTUSC_ET JSK@F ?95< ?95<Q?0X Q?0X     DFKG@D@FKCT L_CK DFKG@D@FKCT L_CKWC E BE DFTWE Y WC E BE DFTWE YC_SEKE C_SEKE @KG@DEGF_CT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK @KG@DEGF_CT GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK • • YC_L@B YC_L@B YE@W YE@WE E GS_EKWC CB HCT GC JSK@F TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT GS_EKWC CB HCT GC JSK@F TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST  DCKW_FYEMCT O_EDN@EWST   P  P  CSDEBEKST @KC  CSDEBEKST @KC_H@T  _H@T  , @KG@DEGF_CT GC EMSET DFTWC_ET , @KG@DEGF_CT GC EMSET DFTWC_ET L_ÈET (EDL), CK L_ÈET (EDL), CK DET@ WFGE CB Å_CE DET@ WFGE CB Å_CE CEBSEGE. ET@H@THF TC FOTC_E_FK NSCFT GC EKDNFCWE GCKW_F GC BET 55 HK. CEBSEGE. ET@H@THF TC FOTC_E_FK NSCFT GC EKDNFCWE GCKW_F GC BET 55 HK. • • YC_L@B DN@DEHE YC_L@B DN@DEHE  TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT D. O_EDN@EWST P C. @KC_H@T, CTYCD@CT ETFD@EGET E  TC GCWC_H@KE_FK BFT DFYÀYFGFT D. O_EDN@EWST P C. @KC_H@T, CTYCD@CT ETFD@EGET E EDL, GCKW_F GC BET 53 HK, BFT DFYÀYFGFT EDL, GCKW_F GC BET 53 HK, BFT DFYÀYFGFT  EDE_W@E  EDE_W@E GEKEC, GEKEC, DEBFDEBEKST DEBFDEBEKST Y YEF EF    C C  @TNKFDEBEKST YBSHSBFTST   @TNKFDEBEKST YBSHSBFTST  , CTYCD@CT @KG@DEGF_ET GC ETT, YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK P CB , CTYCD@CT @KG@DEGF_ET GC ETT, YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK P CB DFYÀYFGF DFYÀYFGF D. LS_DEWST  D. LS_DEWST  , CTYCD@C ETFD@EGE E ECT, E 599 HK GC BE DFTWE, (L@MS_E 79). EB , CTYCD@C ETFD@EGE E ECT, E 599 HK GC BE DFTWE, (L@MS_E 79). EB  K@CB  K@CB GCB GCB @DW@FYBEKDWFK @DW@FYBEKDWFK TC TC GCWC_H@KÔ GCWC_H@KÔ BE BE Y_CTCKD@E Y_CTCKD@E GC GC BE_ BE_ET ET GC GC ‒EKDNFCWE‘ ‒EKDNFCWE‘  CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT   CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT   BFDEB@ZEGFT E 53 HK GC BE DFTWE, CK WEKWF USC NSCFT P BE_ET  BFDEB@ZEGFT E 53 HK GC BE DFTWE, CK WEKWF USC NSCFT P BE_ET
  • 94. GC GC @KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E @KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E LSC_FK GCWC_H@KEGFT YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK GC BE DFTWE.  LSC_FK GCWC_H@KEGFT YF_ LSC_E GC BET 49 HK GC BE DFTWE. CK BE DEYE TSYC_L@D@EB TC _CM@TW_Ô EBF_CT GC O@FFBÚHCKCT CKW_C 9,7= P ?3,00 CK BE DEYE TSYC_L@D@EB TC _CM@TW_Ô EBF_CT GC O@FFBÚHCKCT CKW_C 9,7= P ?3,00 HB/599H4, DFK SK Y_FHCG@F GC >,<4 HB/5994, GFKGC CB HÅ^@HF P HÈK@HF EBF_ TC HB/599H4, DFK SK Y_FHCG@F GC >,<4 HB/5994, GFKGC CB HÅ^@HF P HÈK@HF EBF_ TC GCWC_H@KÔ CB 5= GC GCWC_H@KÔ CB 5= GC JSK@F P ?0 GC EO_@B, _CTYCDW@ JSK@F P ?0 GC EO_@B, _CTYCDW@EHCKWC. EHCKWC.     DFHYFT@D DFHYFT@D@FK y @FK y G@TW_@OS G@TW_@OSD@FK D@FK GCB GCB ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK C C @DW@FYBEK @DW@FYBEKDWFK DWFK L_CKWC L_CKWC E E BE BE DFTWE DFTWEYC_SEKE YC_SEKE GS_EKWC LCO_C_F GS_EKWC LCO_C_F E EEO_@B EO_@B 500= 500=Q?>X Q?>X • • CB CB ZFFYBEKDWFK ZFFYBEKDWFK CTWSF DFKLF_HEGF CTWSF DFKLF_HEGF Y_@KD@YEB Y_@KD@YEBHCKWC YF_ DFYÀYFGFT, HCKWC YF_ DFYÀYFGFT, CSLÅST@GFT, CSLÅST@GFT, USCWFMKE USCWFMKEWFT WFT P P EKLÈYFGFT, FOTC_ÅKGFTC EKLÈYFGFT, FOTC_ÅKGFTC FW_FT FW_FT M_SYFT DFHF M_SYFT DFHF BFT BFT GFB@FBFT, GFB@FBFT, WC_ÔYFGFT, YFB@USCWFT, WC_ÔYFGFT, YFB@USCWFT, GCDÅYFGFT, GCDÅYFGFT, H@T@GÅDCFT P H@T@GÅDCFT PDWCKÔLF_FT DWCKÔLF_FT CKW_C FW_FT. CKW_C FW_FT. • • GCKW_F GCKW_F GC BFT GC BFTDFYÀYFGFT TC DFYÀYFGFT TCGCWC_H@KÔ EB_CGCGF_ GC GCWC_H@KÔ EB_CGCGF_ GC 39 CTYCD@CT GC DFYÀYFGFT 39 CTYCD@CT GC DFYÀYFGFT T@CKGF T@CKGF BFT HÅT BFT HÅT_C _C Y_CTCKWEW@FT Y_CTCKWEW@FT  Y  YE_EDEBEKST E_EDEBEKST Y YE_ST, E_ST, DCKW_FY DCKW_FYEMCT EMCT O_E DN@EWST, O_E DN@EWST, CSDEBEKST CSDEBEKST HSD_FKEWST, HSD_FKEWST, EDE_W@E EDE_W@E WFKTE, WFKTE, FK FK DECE CKSTWE, F@WNFKE YBSH@LC_E, DECE CKSTWE, F@WNFKE YBSH@LC_E, DEBEKST ESTW_E DEBEKST ESTW_E B@T, B@T, DF_PDECST GSOO@ST, DBESTFDEBEKST DF_PDECST GSOO@ST, DBESTFDEBEKST E_DS@DF_K@T, E_DS@DF_K@T, WCHF_E WCHF_E G@TDESGEWE, G@TDESGEWE, W. W. TWPB@LC_E TWPB@LC_E P P CSDNECWE  CSDNECWE HE_@KE. HE_@KE. • • CK CK CB M_SYF CB M_SYF GC BFT GC BFT CSLÅST@GFT CSLÅST@GFT TC TC GCWC_H@KÔ GCWC_H@KÔ CTWEG@FT BE_ CTWEG@FT BE_ EBCT, JSCK@BCT EBCT, JSCK@BCT P PEGSB EGSBWFT GC WFT GC CSYNEST@E  CSYNEST@E  HSD_FKEWE, CSYNEST  HSD_FKEWE, CSYNEST@E C^@H@E, CSYNEST@E @E C^@H@E, CSYNEST@EG@TW@K MSCKGE, TWPBFDNC@_FK G@TW@K MSCKGE, TWPBFDNC@_FK TY. P TY. P KCHEWFO_EDNÈFK  KCHEWFO_EDNÈFK TY TY, , • • CKW_C BFT CKW_C BFT USCWFMKE USCWFMKEWFT WFT CTWS@C_FK Y_CTCKWCT CTWS@C_FK Y_CTCKWCT TEMÈWWECKLBEWE, TEMÈWWECKLBEWE, T. T. YC_S@EKE,  YC_S@EKE, T. T. _CMSBE_@T,  _CMSBE_@T, T. T. Y  YED@L@ DE, ED@L@ DE, T. T.  H@K@HE,  H@K@HE, T. T. YSBDN_E,  YSBDN_E, YWC_FTEM@WWE YWC_FTEM@WWE G_EDF G_EDF P P A_F NK@WWE T  A_F NK@WWE TSOW@B@T. SOW@B@T. • • BET CTYCD@CT HÅT L_CDSCKWCT GC BET CTYCD@CT HÅT L_CDSCKWCT GCEKLÈYFGFT EKLÈYFGFT LSC_FK LSC_FK BCTW_@MFKST  BCTW_@MFKST TNFCHEAC_@, TNFCHEAC_@, NPYC_@F@GCT NPYC_@F@GCT T@OEMBK@T, T@OEMBK@T,  BCYWFDFW@T  BCYWFDFW@T TY@K@LC_E, TY@K@LC_E, Y YE_EYN_FK@HE E_EYN_FK@HE M_ED@B@T M_ED@B@T P P YN_F K@HFYT@T  YN_F K@HFYT@T TY@K@LC_E. TY@K@LC_E. • • @KG@DEGF_CTO@FBÔM@DFT @KG@DEGF_CTO@FBÔM@DFT • • CK CK BE BE YE_ YE_WC WC KF_WC TC N@ZF KF_WC TC N@ZF SK SK EKÅB@T@T EKÅB@T@T TFO_C TFO_C BE BE G@TW_@OSD@ÔK GC CTYCD@CT G@TW_@OSD@ÔK GC CTYCD@CT DFKT@GC_EGET DFKT@GC_EGET DFHF DFHF @KG@DEGF_CT @KG@DEGF_CT O@FBÔM@DFT GC HETET GC O@FBÔM@DFT GC HETET GC EMSE, EMSE, GCWC_H@KEKGF BE GCWC_H@KEKGF BE Y_CTCKD@E GC Y_CTCKD@E GC CTYCD@CT CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET Y_FY@ET GC GC EMSET EMSET CDSE CDSEWF_@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT WF_@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCTECT ECT DFHF DFHF CB DFYÀYFGF CB DFYÀYFGF DCKW_FYEMCT LS_DEWST DCKW_FYEMCT LS_DEWST P P CB CB USCWFMKEWF USCWFMKEWF TEM@WWE TEM@WWE  _CMSBE_@T,  _CMSBE_@T, EHOFT EHOFT G@TW_@O G@TW_@OS@GFT S@GFT GCTGC GCTGC YE@WE NETW YE@WE NETWE TSYC1 E TSYC1 FOTC_ÅKGFTC USC FOTC_ÅKGFTC USC CKW_C CKW_C YE@WE YE@WE P P DN@HOFWC DN@HOFWC TC TC BFDEB@Z BFDEB@ZE_FK E_FK E ?9 E ?9 HK GC BE HK GC BEDFTWE DFTWEP CKW_C NSE_HCP P CKW_C NSE_HCP P TSYC YF_ LSC_E GC P TSYC YF_ LSC_E GC BET 79 _KK (L@M. ?), BET 79 _KK (L@M. ?), ETFD@EGE ETFD@EGET T E E
  • 95. WCHYC_E WCHYC_EWS_ET GC ?5,0 D WS_ET GC ?5,0 DE ?7,9 E ?7,9 D. YE_E D. YE_ECTWC YC_ÈFGF CTWC YC_ÈFGF GC HSCTW_CF GC HSCTW_CF CT L_CDSCKWC CKDFKW_E_ CT L_CDSCKWC CKDFKW_E_ CTWET CTYCD@CT CTWET CTYCD@CT NETWE NETWE YSKWE YSKWE LEBTE, LEBTE, T@CKGF SKE T@CKGF SKEG@TW_@O G@TW_@OSD@ÔK SD@ÔK @KSTSEB CKDFKW_E_BET @KSTSEB CKDFKW_E_BET NETWE NETWE TSYC GS_EKWC TSYC GS_EKWC CTWC D_SDC_F. CTWC D_SDC_F. BET DFKG@D@FKCT BET DFKG@D@FKCT GCB GCBEHO@CKWC Y_C EHO@CKWC Y_CEBCD@CKWCT CK CB EBCD@CKWCT CK CBHFHCKWF HFHCKWF GCB HSCTW_CF GCB HSCTW_CF (HF_ÔK, CTWC (HF_ÔK, CTWCFBSHCK) FBSHCK) USC @KG@DEOEK CB GCTYBEZ USC @KG@DEOEK CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF EKF_HEB GC BET EH@CKWF EKF_HEB GC BETECT NETWE ECT NETWE BE BEEBWS_E EBWS_E GC DN@HOFWC, GC DN@HOFWC, CTWE_ÈE CK CTWE_ÈE CK DFKDF_GEKD@E DFKDF_GEKD@EDFK CB GCTYBEZEH@CKW DFK CB GCTYBEZEH@CKWF F GC CTWET CTYCD@CT GC CTWET CTYCD@CT NETWE NETWETSYC. TSYC.     • • CTYCD@CT CTYCD@CT Y_FY@ET Y_FY@ET GC GC BET BET EMSET EMSET TSO@_FY@DE TSO@_FY@DEBCT BCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT TSYC_L@D@EBCT (ETT) (ETT) DFHF DFHF DEBFDEBEKST Y DEBFDEBEKST YEF, EF, HC HC DPKFDC_E DPKFDC_E DBEST@@ DBEST@@ P P EDE_W@E  EDE_W@E GEKEC, GEKEC, LSC_FK BFDEB@ZE GET CKW_C YE@WE P DEBBEF, ETFD@EGET E LSC_FK BFDEB@ZE GET CKW_C YE@WE P DEBBEF, ETFD@EGET E WCHYC_EWS_ET WCHYC_EWS_ET GC GC ?5,? ¹D ?5,? ¹D P P ?4,0 ?4,0 ¹D ¹D DFK SKE DFK SKEG@TW_@OSD@Ô G@TW_@OSD@ÔK K NED@E NED@E BE BE DFTWE DFTWE CKW_C CKW_C Y YE@WE P DN@DEHE E@WE P DN@DEHE GC ?9 GC ?9 HK GC HK GC BE BE DFTWE DFTWEH@CKW_ET H@CKW_ET USC USC CKW_C DN@HOFWC CKW_C DN@HOFWC P P YSDSTEKE YSDSTEKE CTWS@C_FK YF_ LSC_E CTWS@C_FK YF_ LSC_E GC BET 79 GC BET 79 HK GC BE HK GC BE DFTWE DFTWE @DW@FYBEKWFK @DW@FYBEKWFK • • CB CB @DW@FYBEKDWF @DW@FYBEKDWFK CTWSF K CTWSF DFKLF_HEG DFKLF_HEGF F YF_ YF_ NSC NSCFT P BE_ET GC FT P BE_ET GC EKDNFCWE EKDNFCWE (CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT), (CKM_ESB@T _@KMCKT), GC TE_G@KE GC TE_G@KE (TE_G@KFYT TEME^ TEME^) (TE_G@KFYT TEME^ TEME^) P P GC YCZ GC YCZ B@KWC_KE B@KWC_KE (@KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E)1 (@KD@MSC__@E BSDCW@E)1 BE_ BE_ET ET GC GC DEOE DEOEBBE BBE (TDFHOC_JEYFK@DST), (TDFHOC_JEYFK@DST), HC_BSZE HC_BSZE (HC_BSDD@ST MEP@), (HC_BSDD@ST MEP@), LEBTF FBEGF LEBTF FBEGF (Y_@FKFWST (Y_@FKFWST TY) TY) P P GC FW_FT GC FW_FT YCDCT B@KWC_KE YCDCT B@KWC_KE (HPDWFYN@GE (HPDWFYN@GEC), C), CKW_C FW_FT CKW_C FW_FT • • BFT NSCFT BFT NSCFT GC EKDNFCW GC EKDNFCWE E CTWS@C_FK CTWS@C_FK G@TW_@OS@GF G@TW_@OS@GFT T GCTGC GCTGC Y YE@WE E@WE NETWE NETWEKF, FOTC_ÅKGFTC CK MCKC_EB KF, FOTC_ÅKGFTC CK MCKC_EB 4 Å_CET GC G@TW_@OSD@ÔK, 4 Å_CET GC G@TW_@OSD@ÔK, SKE SKE