The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan in the 13th century, were formidable warriors who conquered vast lands through military strategy and technology. They were highly skilled horsemen and archers who practiced unit tactics and formation rotation. Genghis Khan demanded loyalty and discipline from his men, punishing them harshly for disobedience. The Mongols were also innovative, utilizing siege machines and rotating lines of archers on horseback to overcome larger enemy forces. Their mobility and ability to live lightly off the land allowed them to outmaneuver opponents across long campaigns.