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This document provides an explanation and examples of negative statements using forms of the verb "to be" in English grammar. It states that to make a negative statement with "be", we put "not" after the verb. It lists the contractions "isn't" and "aren't" and provides examples of negative statements with subjects like "the dog owner", "she", "you", etc. It also explains that contractions can be made with most subject pronouns or with a verb and "not", with exceptions like "I am not".
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PPT Gerunds and Infinitives
The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. Infinitives begin with "to" and can function as nouns or verbs. Some key differences are: gerunds are used as objects or after prepositions, while infinitives often follow verbs to indicate future or possible action. Specific rules govern whether to use a gerund or infinitive after certain verbs or in different grammatical roles like subjects.
Gerunds and Infinitives
The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It explains that some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, with similar meanings. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can be used as subjects, objects, or complements of sentences. Infinitives are verb forms preceded by "to" that can also be used as subjects, objects, or complements. The document provides examples of verbs that are commonly followed by gerunds or infinitives and guidelines for choosing between them.
Simple present tense
The document discusses the simple present tense in English. It is used to describe habits, things that are always or generally true, and opinions. The simple present tense takes the base form of the verb, and adds "-s" for third person singular subjects like "he", "she", or "it". Examples of its uses include habitual actions with frequency adverbs like "usually" and facts like "the Earth revolves around the sun". Negation is formed by adding "don't" or "doesn't" before the base verb form depending on the subject.
Presentation 6 infinitives
When looking to purchase a home, it is important to consider how much you can afford to spend and location. People who buy larger, more rural homes can expect a longer commute. Infinitives are verb phrases that begin with "to" and act as subjects, objects, or subject complements in sentences. Proper use of infinitives and gerunds is important for meaning and grammar. Requesting to be shown suitable homes in your price range is wise when house hunting.
Simple present tense verb with the verb be, and verb do - Modal verb can
Grammar structures and exercises with
THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Verb Be/Other verbs (eat, jump, etc.) and the modal
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Gerunds And Infinitives
Gerunds and infinitives can be used in various ways in English grammar. Gerunds function as nouns and verbs. As nouns, gerunds can be subjects, objects, predicates, and objects of prepositions. As verbs, gerunds can take adverbs, form the passive voice, and take objects or complements. Infinitives are also used after certain verbs to indicate purpose, intention, or regret about past actions. Verbs like remember, forget, try, stop, and regret can take either gerunds or infinitives with subtle differences in meaning.
Gerunds: as subjects and objects
Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. Gerunds can serve as subjects and objects of verbs. As subjects, gerunds take third-person singular verbs, such as "Learning math is difficult." As objects, gerunds follow verbs like "enjoy" and "discuss." Gerunds can also be used after prepositions or in combinations of verbs and prepositions, such as "worried about" or "believe in."
Verb to be
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The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. Infinitives begin with "to" and can function as nouns or verbs. Some key differences are: gerunds are used as objects or after prepositions, while infinitives often follow verbs to indicate future or possible action. Specific rules govern whether to use a gerund or infinitive after certain verbs or in different grammatical roles like subjects.
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The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It explains that some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, with similar meanings. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can be used as subjects, objects, or complements of sentences. Infinitives are verb forms preceded by "to" that can also be used as subjects, objects, or complements. The document provides examples of verbs that are commonly followed by gerunds or infinitives and guidelines for choosing between them.
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The document discusses the simple present tense in English. It is used to describe habits, things that are always or generally true, and opinions. The simple present tense takes the base form of the verb, and adds "-s" for third person singular subjects like "he", "she", or "it". Examples of its uses include habitual actions with frequency adverbs like "usually" and facts like "the Earth revolves around the sun". Negation is formed by adding "don't" or "doesn't" before the base verb form depending on the subject.
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Gerunds and infinitives
This document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It explains that gerunds end in "-ing" but function as nouns, taking object or complement roles. Infinitives use "to" before the base verb form and can function as subjects, objects, complements, adjectives, or adverbs. Certain verbs like "enjoy" and "avoid" are followed by gerunds rather than infinitives. Gerunds can be used after prepositions but infinitives cannot.
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English Intonations and Stress - 抑揚と強調
Standard Listening Speech - Level 4
English Intonations and Stress
今回は「抑揚と強調」です。
英語音には音の上下の変化という抑揚と音の強弱の変化である強調という要素があります。
これらによって話し手の”意見”や”態度”など様々な表現が可能になります。
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This document provides information about helping/auxiliary verbs in English. It discusses the primary helping verbs be, do, and have and their uses in questions, passive constructions, progressive forms, and tag questions. It also covers modal auxiliaries such as can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, must, should, and used to and their functions in expressing abilities, possibilities, requests, obligations, and past habits. The document is intended as part of an assignment asking students to read about and practice with helping verbs.
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Grammar Bank (Yandaki audio ses klasörünü silmeyin ).pptx
The document provides examples and explanations of using the present tense verb "be" in English. It covers:
1) Forms of "be" with subject pronouns like I, you, he, she, etc. in positive and contracted forms.
2) Forms of "be" in questions, positives, and negative answers.
3) Possessive adjectives like my, your, his, her, etc. and the possessive "'s".
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This document provides an overview of gerunds. A gerund is a noun formed by adding "-ing" to a verb. Gerunds can act as subjects, objects, and complements in sentences. They can also be modified by adjectives and take objects and complements. Gerunds commonly follow prepositions and verbs like "enjoy" and "avoid". They can be used in simple or past forms to indicate the timing of actions. Care should be taken not to confuse gerunds with progressive verb forms or present participles used as adjectives.
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Gerunds and infinitives
This document discusses gerunds and infinitives. It explains that gerunds end in "-ing" but function as nouns, taking object or complement roles. Infinitives use "to" before the base verb form and can function as subjects, objects, complements, adjectives, or adverbs. Certain verbs like "enjoy" and "avoid" are followed by gerunds rather than infinitives. Gerunds can be used after prepositions but infinitives cannot.
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The document provides information on conjugations of the verb "to be" in English. It lists the present tense positive and negative forms of the verb "to be" used with different subjects including I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. It provides the full and contracted forms. It also discusses the use of the verb "to be" in questions and short positive/negative answers. Key points covered include using contractions in informal contexts but not in positive short answers, and placing the verb before the subject in questions.
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This document provides a lesson on reflexive and intensive pronouns. It explains that pronouns ending in "self" or "selves" are either reflexive or intensive. Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence and are necessary to the meaning, like "Houdini called himself a master escape artist." Intensive pronouns emphasize another noun or pronoun but are not necessary to the meaning, like "You yourselves have seen magic shows on TV." The document provides examples and has students do partner activities to practice identifying reflexive and intensive pronouns.
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The document discusses the different uses of gerunds and infinitives in English. Gerunds can function as nouns or verbs. Infinitives can appear with or without "to" depending on the governing verb or structure. Certain verbs take gerunds or infinitives to express purpose, perception, obligation, or the passive voice. The distinctions in meaning between gerund and infinitive constructions are explained through examples.
English Intonations and Stress - 抑揚と強調
Standard Listening Speech - Level 4
English Intonations and Stress
今回は「抑揚と強調」です。
英語音には音の上下の変化という抑揚と音の強弱の変化である強調という要素があります。
これらによって話し手の”意見”や”態度”など様々な表現が可能になります。
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This document discusses infinitives and their uses in sentences. It notes that infinitives can function as subjects and objects, unlike gerunds which cannot be used as objects of prepositions. Common verbs that are followed by infinitives are discussed, including mental verbs like hope, plan, intend. Infinitives can express purpose, especially when using "to" or "in order to". Adjectives can also precede infinitives. Infinitives can be used with too and enough in sentences.
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Auxiliary verbs
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Auxiliary and modal verbs
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The document discusses the use of the simple present tense in English. It is used to describe repeated or habitual actions, facts that are always true, and habitual behaviors. The simple present is formed by using the base form of verbs. For third person singular subjects, most verbs take -s. There are some irregular verbs. Negative sentences are formed with don't/doesn't plus the base verb form. Short answers to yes/no questions using do/does are also explained.
The verb "to be"
This document provides information about the present simple tense of the verb "to be" in English. It discusses how "to be" can mean "to be" or "to exist" depending on context. It then lists the conjugations of the verb in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms for the first, second and third person singular and plural. Examples are also provided.
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Azar 14 10
This document discusses common reporting verbs used to report speech and questions, including say, tell, ask, answer, and reply. It provides examples of how each verb can be used, such as saying is usually followed by a noun clause, tell is followed by an object pronoun and noun clause, ask is used to report questions, and answer and reply are often used to report replies to questions.
Azar 14 9
This document discusses how to report speech in the past tense versus present tense. It explains that if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the noun clause is also often changed to the past tense. However, the verb can depend on the real situation and time the sentence was spoken. It provides examples of how the verb would change or stay the same depending on whether you are reporting what was said in the past or what is still true now.
Azar 14 8
The document discusses the difference between quoted speech and reported speech. Quoted speech uses exact words from a speaker and uses quotation marks, while reported speech conveys the idea of the speaker's words without quotation marks. When changing from quoted to reported speech, pronouns and verb tenses often need to change to match the reporting verb, and "that" is sometimes omitted in reported conversations.
Azar 14 7
This document provides instructions for writing direct quotations from speakers in sentences. It explains that quotation marks should be used to indicate a speaker's exact words. When a quotation is used, the speaker's name and a comma should be included before the quotation, such as "Jane said, 'Cats are fun to watch.'" For multi-sentence quotations, the quotation marks go only at the beginning and end of the entire quote. Punctuation inside the quotation follows normal rules, but punctuation outside varies based on whether the quotation is at the beginning or end of the sentence.
Azar 14 6
The document discusses the use of "so" in conversational responses to indicate agreement with a yes/no question. Some examples provided are saying "I think so" to mean "I think that is the case", "I believe so" to agree, and "I hope so" to express hopeful agreement. Negative versions include "I don't think so" to disagree and "I hope not" to express hoping something is not the case. When just guessing, responses like "I guess so" or "I suppose so/not" can be used to indicate uncertainty.
Azar 14 5
This document discusses the use of that-clauses after certain expressions involving "be" verbs or past participles, such as "I'm sure" and "I'm glad", where the word "that" can be omitted without changing the meaning. It also lists common expressions followed by that-clauses, such as "be afraid that", "be disappointed that", and "It is true that". These expressions introducing that-clauses are used to report feelings, opinions, or facts.
Azar 14 4
That-clauses are commonly used as objects of verbs expressing mental activity like thinking, hoping, realizing. The word "that" introduces these clauses and can often be omitted, especially in speaking. Common verbs taking that-clauses include agree, dream, believe, decide, discover, doubt, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, read, and think.
Azar 14 3
This document discusses how noun clauses are used to replace yes/no questions. It states that if is usually used to introduce a noun clause when changing a yes/no question into a noun clause. It also notes that whether has the same meaning as if and can be used instead. Examples are provided showing the yes/no question, the corresponding noun clause using if, and sometimes with the addition of "or not" at the end of the clause.
Azar 14 2
This document discusses the use of question words like who, what, when, where, why and how to introduce noun clauses. It notes that question word order is not used in a noun clause and provides examples of questions and the corresponding noun clauses. It also explains that a noun or pronoun followed by the verb "be" in a question comes before "be" in the noun clause, and a prepositional phrase does not come before "be" in a noun clause. Finally, it states that question word order and noun clause word order are the same when the question word is used as the subject.
Azar 14 1
This document introduces noun clauses, which are clauses that function as the object of a verb. Noun clauses contain their own subject and verb and can begin with question words like where, what, when, why; if or whether; or that. Examples are given of sentences where the verb is followed by a noun clause as the object, such as "I know where he lives" and "I don't know if Ed is married."
Azar 12 7
The document discusses the use of the relative pronoun "whose" in adjective clauses. Whose is used to show possession and can replace a possessive adjective, such as "his", "her", or "their", when combining two sentences into one with an adjective clause. Examples are provided where the main sentence is combined with an embedded sentence using whose to express possession, such as "The man whose car was stolen called the police".
Azar 12 6
This document discusses the use of pronouns like that, whom, and which as objects of prepositions in adjective clauses. It provides examples showing that these pronouns can be used after prepositions like "to" and "in" to refer back to nouns in the main clause. However, that and who cannot be used when the preposition comes before the pronoun, and the pronoun cannot be omitted in this case either.
Azar 12 5
The verb in an adjective clause must agree in number with the noun it refers to. If the noun is singular, the verb in the adjective clause is also singular. If the noun is plural, the verb in the adjective clause is plural as well. For example, if the noun is "man" which is singular, the verb in the adjective clause is "is"; but if the noun is "men" which is plural, the verb becomes "are".
Azar 12 4
This document discusses using object pronouns in adjective clauses to describe things. It explains that which refers to things, that can refer to either people or things, and who and whom refer to people. The document provides examples of adjective clauses with pronouns replacing both the subject and object of embedded sentences, noting that the pronoun cannot be omitted if it replaces the subject.
Azar 12 3
1) An adjective clause embeds one sentence into another to describe people by using pronouns as the object of a verb.
2) One way to make an adjective clause is to change the object pronoun "him" to "that", which refers back to the subject "the man".
3) Object pronouns like "him" can also be changed to "who" or "whom" to form an adjective clause, with "whom" used more commonly in formal writing.
Azar 11 6 nouns that can be count or noncount
This document discusses nouns that can be used as both count and non-count nouns. It provides examples of nouns like glass, hair, iron, light, paper, time, work, coffee, chicken, fish, and experience that have multiple meanings depending on whether they are used in a counted or uncounted sense. These nouns take on different meanings based on whether they are referred to as singular units that can be counted or as unmeasured quantities.
Azar 11 4 more noncount nouns
This document lists and categorizes examples of noncount nouns into groups including liquids, solids and semi-solids, gases, things that occur in nature, and abstractions. It provides lists of noncount nouns for each category, such as coffee and milk for liquids, bread and meat for solids, air and smoke for gases, weather and rain for things that occur in nature, and beauty and courage for abstractions. All of the listed nouns in each category are identified as being noncount.
Azar 11 3 noncount nouns
The document discusses noncount nouns. It provides examples of count nouns and their corresponding noncount nouns, such as furniture for chairs, tables, sofas, and dressers. It also lists common noncount nouns in categories like mail, food, jewelry, and languages. Noncount nouns usually refer to a group of parts or a category of varieties rather than individual items.
Azar 11 2 count and noncount nouns
Count nouns can be used with numbers to indicate quantity and have both a singular and plural form. They can be used with indefinite articles like "a" and "an". Non-count nouns cannot be counted, are used without articles, and do not have a plural form. Examples of count nouns include chair, banana, and apple. Examples of non-count nouns include furniture, water, and air.
Azar 11 1 a vs. an
This document discusses the rules for using "a" versus "an" in the English language. It explains that "a" is used before singular nouns that start with consonant sounds, while "an" is used before singular nouns that start with vowel sounds. It provides examples of words that take "a" and "an", and notes that the determination is based on the starting sound of the word, not necessarily the starting letter. The document emphasizes that the choice of "a" or "an" depends on whether the first sound of the word is a vowel sound or a consonant sound.
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Page 8 grammar presentation
- 1. Lesson 1, Page 8 Grammar Explanation 1.4
- 2. 1.4 Negative Statements with Be Examples Explanation The dog owner is not home now. She isn’t home during the day. You are not ready for a pet. You aren’t patient. To make a negative statement with be, we put not after a form of be. The negative contractions are isn’t and aren’t.
- 3. 1.4 Negative Statements with Be We can make contractions in negative statements with most subject pronouns + a form of be or with a form of be + not . (Exception: I am not.) I am not I’m not You are not You’re not OR You aren’t He is not He’s not OR He isn’t She is not She’s not OR She isn’t It is not It’s not OR It isn’t We are not We’re not OR We aren’t They are not They’re not OR They aren’t
- 4. 1.4 Negative Statements with Be Language Notes: 1. We can make contractions with most nouns: The dog is not friendly. = The dog’s not friendly. = The dog isn’t friendly. 2. Remember: We cannot make a contraction with certain words + is. (See 1.2) This is not a good pet. = This isn’t a good pet. (NOT **This’s not a good pet.