The patient is positioned facing the receptor with the chin extended and centred to the middle of the top of the receptor.

1. Paediatric
Radiography
Chandan Prasad Rajbhar
Tutor
College of paramedical sciences
TMU, Moradabad

2. Why it is important???
• Children do not all reach a sense of understanding at the same predictable
age.
• This ability varies from child to child, and the pediatric technologist must not
assume that children will comprehend what is occurring.
• Generally, however, by the age of 2 or 3 years, most children can be talked
through a diagnostic radiographic study without immobilization or parental aid.
• Most important is a sense of trust, which begins at the first meeting between
the patient and the technologist
• The first impression that the child has of the technologist is everlasting and
forges the bond of a successful relationship.

3. Successful radiographic studies are dependent on two
things:
• The technologist's attitude and approach to a child.
• The technical preparation in the room.

4. At the first meeting, most children are accompanied by at least
one parent or care giver. The following steps are important:
• Introduce yourself as the technologist who will be working with this
child.
• Find out what information the attending physician has given to the
parent and patient.
• Explain what you are going to do and what your needs will be.

6. Evaluate parent’s Role
•Parent is in room as an observer, lending support and comfort by his or
her presence.
• Parent serves as a participator, assisting with immobilization.
•Parent is asked to remain in the waiting area and not accompany the
child into the radiography room.
•In general, pediatric radiography should always use as short
exposure times and as high mA as possible to minimize image
blurring that may result from patient motion

7. Immobilization devices:
• Tam-em board
• Pigg-O-Stat

8. Tam-em board

9. Pigg o stat
• Pigg-O-Stat (set for PA chest).
• A. Bicycle-type seat
• B. Side body clamps
• C. Film holder mount
• D. Swivel base
•E. Adjustable lead shield with
markers
• F. Mounting stand on wheels
• G. Extra set of smaller body clamps

10. • The simplest and least expensive
form of immobilization involves the
use of equipment and supplies that
are commonly found in most
departments.
• Tape, sheets or towels, sandbags,
• covered radiolucent sponge blocks,
• compression bands, stockinet's, and
ace bandages, if used correctly, are
effective in immobilization.

11. Sandbags
• Strong canvas-type material
and children's coarse
sterilized playing sand should
be used. Coarse sand is
recommended because if the
bag should break open, the
sand is more easily cleaned
up, and the chance of causing
artifacts on radiographs is
minimized

12. COMPRESSION BANDS AND HEAD CLAMPS
• Compression or retention
bands are valuable aids for
immobilization.
Compression bands,
however, are more
effective with pediatric
patients when used in
combination with
sandbags,
s

13. MUMMIFYING,” OR WRAPPING WITH
SHEETS OR TOWELS

14. Pre-exam Preparation
•The necessary immobilization and shielding material should be in place
(sandbags, tape, Tam-em board if used, sheets or towels, stockinette, ace
bandages, and shielding devices for patient and for parents if assisting).
• Image receptors and markers should be in place and techniques set (if a solo
technologist is performing the exam).
•Specific projections should have been determined, which may require
consultation with the radiologist.
•If two technologists are working together, they should clarify the role that each will
play during the procedure.
•The primary technologist positions the patient, instructs the parents (if assisting),
and positions the tube, collimation, and required shielding.

15. CONDITION OR DISEASE
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAM AND (+) OR (−)
EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT
1. Aspiration (mechanical )
AP and lateral chest or AP and lateral
upper airway for obstruction
2. Asthma (in children)
PA and lateral chest
3. Atelectasis (lung collapse) PA and lateral chest (+) slight increase
4. Bronchiectasis
5. Croup (viral infection)
PA and lateral chest (+) slight increase
PA and lateral chest and AP and lateral
upper airway
6. Epiglottitis (acute respiratory
obstruction)
AP and lateral chest and lateral upper
airway

16. Radiation Protection
• MINIMIZING EXPOSURE DOSE
• Reduction of repeat exposures and avoiding “dose creep” are critical in
pediatric imaging.
• Proper immobilization and high mA–short exposure time techniques
reduce the incidence of motion artifact (blurriness).
• Accurate manual technique charts with patient body weights should be
available.
•Radiographic grids should be used only when the body part examined
is greater than 10 cm in thickness.

17. GONADAL PROTECTION
• Gonads of a child should always be shielded with contact-type shields,
unless such shields obscure the essential anatomy of the lower
abdomen or pelvic area
• close collimation, low dosage techniques, and a minimum number of
exposures

18. PARENT PROTECTION
• If parents are to be in the room, they must be supplied with lead
aprons. If they are immobilizing the child and their hands are in or near
the primary beam, they should also be given lead gloves.
• If the mother or other female guardian is of childbearing age and
wishes to assist in the procedure, the technologist must ask whether
she is pregnant before allowing her to remain in the room during the
radiographic exposure

19. PEDIATRIC SKELETAL SYSTEM common
clinical indications
• Craniostenosis (craniosynostosis)
• Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis
• Salter-Harris fractures
• Infantile osteomalacia
• Osteochondrosis
• Talipes (clubfoot)

20. Thank you