2. OUTLINE
WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?
WHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNITIONWHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY?TECHNOLOGY?
CONTROVERSYCONTROVERSY
MY OPINION OF THIS TECHNOLOGYMY OPINION OF THIS TECHNOLOGY
QUESTIONS????????QUESTIONS????????
3. WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?
BIOMETRICS – any automaticallyBIOMETRICS – any automatically
measurablemeasurable,, robustrobust andand distinctivedistinctive physicalphysical
characteristic or personal trait that can becharacteristic or personal trait that can be
used to identify an individual or verify theused to identify an individual or verify the
claimed identity of an individual.claimed identity of an individual.
4. TWO MAIN USES
1) IDENTFICATION1) IDENTFICATION
-figure out “Who is X?”-figure out “Who is X?”
-accomplished by system performing a-accomplished by system performing a
“one-to-many” search“one-to-many” search
2) VERIFICATION2) VERIFICATION
-answer the question “Is this X?”-answer the question “Is this X?”
-accomplished by the system performing-accomplished by the system performing
a “one-to-one” searcha “one-to-one” search
5.
6. TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
Iris ScanningIris Scanning
-measures the iris patter in the colored part-measures the iris patter in the colored part
of the eyeof the eye
Retinal ScanRetinal Scan
-measures the blood vessel patterns in the-measures the blood vessel patterns in the
back of the eyeback of the eye
7. TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
Voice RecognitionVoice Recognition
-measures the vocal characteristics of a-measures the vocal characteristics of a
person using a specific phraseperson using a specific phrase
Finger PrintingFinger Printing
-measures the unique pattern of lines on a-measures the unique pattern of lines on a
persons fingerpersons finger
8. FACIAL RECOGNITION
Facial recognition is a form of computerFacial recognition is a form of computer
vision that uses faces to attempt to identifyvision that uses faces to attempt to identify
a person or verify a person’s claimeda person or verify a person’s claimed
identity. Regardless of specific methodidentity. Regardless of specific method
used, the facial recognition is accomplishedused, the facial recognition is accomplished
in a five step process.in a five step process.
9. FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 1)
ACQUIRING THE IMAGE OF ANACQUIRING THE IMAGE OF AN
INDIVIDUALS FACEINDIVIDUALS FACE
2 WAYS TO AQUIRE IMAGE2 WAYS TO AQUIRE IMAGE
1)Digitally scan an existing photograph1)Digitally scan an existing photograph
2)Acquire a live picture of a subject2)Acquire a live picture of a subject
10. FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 2)
LOCATE IMAGE OF FACELOCATE IMAGE OF FACE
-software is used to locate the faces in the-software is used to locate the faces in the
image that has been obtainedimage that has been obtained
12. FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 3)
ANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGEANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGE
-software measures face according to is-software measures face according to is
peaks and valleys (nodal points)peaks and valleys (nodal points)
-focuses on the inner region of the face-focuses on the inner region of the face
known as the “golden triangle”known as the “golden triangle”
-nodal points are used to make a face print-nodal points are used to make a face print
13. FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 4)
COMPARISONCOMPARISON
-the face print created by the software is-the face print created by the software is
compared to all face prints the system hascompared to all face prints the system has
stored in its database.stored in its database.
14. FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 5)
MATCH OR NO MATCHMATCH OR NO MATCH
-software decides whether or not any-software decides whether or not any
comparisons from step 4 are close enoughcomparisons from step 4 are close enough
to declare a possible matchto declare a possible match
16. CONTROVERSY
FALSE POSITIVESFALSE POSITIVES
-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR
TEST 2000TEST 2000
-PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL-PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORTAIRPORT
-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR
TEST 2002TEST 2002
17.
18. CONTROVERSY
VIOLATION OF CONTITUTION RIGHTVIOLATION OF CONTITUTION RIGHT
AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH?AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH?
United States v. DionisioUnited States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973), 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973)
-person does not have a reasonable expectation of-person does not have a reasonable expectation of
privacy of those physical characteristics that areprivacy of those physical characteristics that are
constantly exposed to the public such as one’sconstantly exposed to the public such as one’s
facial features, voice and handwritingfacial features, voice and handwriting
19. CONTROVERSY
THE BORDER EXCEPTIONTHE BORDER EXCEPTION
-the fourth amendment recognizes the-the fourth amendment recognizes the
longstanding right of the sovereign tolongstanding right of the sovereign to
protect itself by stopping and examiningprotect itself by stopping and examining
persons and property crossing into thispersons and property crossing into this
countrycountry
21. REVIEW
WHAT IS BIOMETRIC?WHAT IS BIOMETRIC?
WHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNTIONWHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNTION
TECHNOLOGY?TECHNOLOGY?
CONTROVERSYCONTROVERSY
MY OPINIONMY OPINION
