The document summarizes opposition to the proposed EU Financial Transactions Tax (FTT) and responses to a recent legal opinion questioning part of the tax.
In 3 sentences:
A recent legal opinion found that one element ("residence principle") of the proposed EU FTT may conflict with EU law, but supporters argue this affects only a minor part of the tax and could be amended, while the tax's other principles remain valid; opponents have exaggerated the opinion's impact in an effort to prematurely defeat the tax, as they have done many times before, but supporters plan to increase advocacy for governments to decide tax policy rather than banks. The European Commission and Germany still support the FTT and plan to implement it with possible
Modern Slavery Act 2015 – does section 54 apply to local authorities?
Raymond Silverstein and Peter Ware 2 – 3
State aid and land
Alex Kynoch and Angelica Hymers 4 – 6
A modern review of Commercial Cases in the High Court
Nichola Evans 7 – 9
Standardised PQQ
Anja Beriro 10 – 13
The minimum wage and public contracts
Alex Rastin and Peter Ware 14 – 16
PQQs, exclusions and the PCR 2015 – subcontractors
Anja Beriro and Vicky Bills 17 - 18
Neighbour‘ho-ho-ho’od planning?
Emma Graham 19 – 22
The future of the community infrastructure levy
Katherine Hall 23 – 25
New standard forms
Anja Beriro and Vicky Bills 26 - 27
Modern Slavery Act 2015 – does section 54 apply to local authorities?
Raymond Silverstein and Peter Ware 2 – 3
State aid and land
Alex Kynoch and Angelica Hymers 4 – 6
A modern review of Commercial Cases in the High Court
Nichola Evans 7 – 9
Standardised PQQ
Anja Beriro 10 – 13
The minimum wage and public contracts
Alex Rastin and Peter Ware 14 – 16
PQQs, exclusions and the PCR 2015 – subcontractors
Anja Beriro and Vicky Bills 17 - 18
Neighbour‘ho-ho-ho’od planning?
Emma Graham 19 – 22
The future of the community infrastructure levy
Katherine Hall 23 – 25
New standard forms
Anja Beriro and Vicky Bills 26 - 27
The impact of the UK General Election on financial marketsHantec Markets
We look at the key factors to be aware of during the campaigning, the polling, the key stances of the major parties and what the outcome could be. We also analyse the major market reactions and why we should still be concerned by the outcome for the UK’s snap 2017 General Election.
Economics ResourcesTaxes on Savings - GRUBER File.pdf.docxtidwellveronique
Economics Resources/Taxes on Savings - GRUBER File.pdf
__MACOSX/Economics Resources/._Taxes on Savings - GRUBER File.pdf
Economics Resources/Laffer - Ihori.pdf
Laffer paradox, Leviathan, and political contest
Author(s): Toshihiro Ihori and C.C. Yang
Source: Public Choice, Vol. 151, No. 1/2 (April 2012), pp. 137-148
Published by: Springer
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406919
Accessed: 18-11-2018 17:29 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Public Choice
This content downloaded from 140.211.65.60 on Sun, 18 Nov 2018 17:29:19 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Public Choice (2012) 151:137-148
DO! 10. 1007/sl 1 127-010-9737-z
Laffer paradox, Leviathan, and political contest
Toshihiro Ihori • C.C. Yang
Received: 17 January 2010 / Accepted: 20 October 2010 / Published online: 3 November 2010
€> Springer Science+Business Media« LLC 2010
Abstract This paper considers a political contest model wherein self-interested politicians
seek rents from the public budget, while general voters make political efforts to protest
against politicians* rent seeking directly (for example, through voting in referendums such
as the passage of Proposition 13) or indirectly (for example, through donating money to
organized groups such as the National Taxpayer Union). We show that the political contest
may ironically lead to the Laffer paradox; that is, rent-seeking politicians may intend to
set the tax rate higher than the revenue-maximizing rate. For taming Leviathans, political
protests may not be as effective as competition among governments.
Keywords Laffer paradox • Leviathan • Political contest • Revenue-maximizing rate
JEL Classification D72 F20 H41 H71
1 Introduction
Leviathan-type governments without constitutional constraints impose taxes at a rate that
maximizes the tax revenue. This rate is higher than the rate that maximizes social welfare
in the standard framework wherein social welfare depends on useful public goods but not
T. Ihori (El)
Department of Economics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 1 13-0033, Japan
e-mail: ihori @e.u-tokyo.ac.jp
C.C. Yang
Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 1 15, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected]
C.C. Yang
Department of Public Finance, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
C.C. Yang
Department of Public Finance, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Ta.
Brexit the situation as of march 19th 2017Kitty Ussher
A summary of the political situation around Brexit, good for describing to international business audiences. Covers why the referendum result happened, and outlines what is likely to happen from now.
Law and sausages: how Not to Legislate for the Digital economy. A round up of issues around the notorious Digital economy Bill (now Act) and some thoughts on its lasting legacy of e-democracy and social media participation.
Financial transactions tax private power in global policy makingDemocracy Club
This is an essay about the failure of an idea in the face of private power. It begins with a brief history of the idea of a financial transactions tax. It then explains how the modern concept came to be a rallying call for activists and several politicians during the ongoing financial crisis. It examines the economic merit of the European Commission’s conception of the tax, but finds little agreement among scholars and institutions. Despite this lack of agreement, it finds a highly disparaging narrative of the tax in the popular press and in political discourse, particularly in the United Kingdom, which, when coupled with the unrealised nature of the tax, despite the idea’s decades-long existence, suggests that the discourse of the tax has been shaped to reflect its more negative aspects.
To explain this, the essay examines the political situation at the global, regional and national levels, using the Group of Twenty (G20), the European Commission (EC) and the UK as case studies. Here the essay makes a case that there is a significant danger of regulatory capture of these political institutions by the banking lobby. It uses Doris Fuchs’ tripartite definition of power to show how financial institutions exercise control, then uses Walter Mattli and Ngaire Woods’ model of regulatory capture to compare the G20, EC and UK. In this case, it finds that the EC is the institution least susceptible to capture. The essay concludes by considering the case of the financial transactions tax as symbolic of the lack of political action in the face of the power of global private interest, which presents grave problems for global governance.
EL MERCADO LABORAL EN EL SEMESTRE EUROPEO. COMPARATIVA.ManfredNolte
Hoy repasaremos a uña de caballo otro reciente documento de la Comisión (SWD-2024) que lleva por título ‘Análisis de países sobre la convergencia social en línea con las características del Marco de Convergencia Social (SCF)’.
PIB,OKUN Y PARO ESTRUCTURAL: RELACIONES DIRECTAS E INVERSASManfredNolte
Me refiero a las ‘Previsiones económicas de primavera’ de la Comisión europea, que se han constituido la semana pasada en panegírico de nuestras bondades y que, como es natural, han sido aprovechadas por el Gobierno para el autobombo.
The impact of the UK General Election on financial marketsHantec Markets
We look at the key factors to be aware of during the campaigning, the polling, the key stances of the major parties and what the outcome could be. We also analyse the major market reactions and why we should still be concerned by the outcome for the UK’s snap 2017 General Election.
Economics ResourcesTaxes on Savings - GRUBER File.pdf.docxtidwellveronique
Economics Resources/Taxes on Savings - GRUBER File.pdf
__MACOSX/Economics Resources/._Taxes on Savings - GRUBER File.pdf
Economics Resources/Laffer - Ihori.pdf
Laffer paradox, Leviathan, and political contest
Author(s): Toshihiro Ihori and C.C. Yang
Source: Public Choice, Vol. 151, No. 1/2 (April 2012), pp. 137-148
Published by: Springer
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406919
Accessed: 18-11-2018 17:29 UTC
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Public Choice
This content downloaded from 140.211.65.60 on Sun, 18 Nov 2018 17:29:19 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Public Choice (2012) 151:137-148
DO! 10. 1007/sl 1 127-010-9737-z
Laffer paradox, Leviathan, and political contest
Toshihiro Ihori • C.C. Yang
Received: 17 January 2010 / Accepted: 20 October 2010 / Published online: 3 November 2010
€> Springer Science+Business Media« LLC 2010
Abstract This paper considers a political contest model wherein self-interested politicians
seek rents from the public budget, while general voters make political efforts to protest
against politicians* rent seeking directly (for example, through voting in referendums such
as the passage of Proposition 13) or indirectly (for example, through donating money to
organized groups such as the National Taxpayer Union). We show that the political contest
may ironically lead to the Laffer paradox; that is, rent-seeking politicians may intend to
set the tax rate higher than the revenue-maximizing rate. For taming Leviathans, political
protests may not be as effective as competition among governments.
Keywords Laffer paradox • Leviathan • Political contest • Revenue-maximizing rate
JEL Classification D72 F20 H41 H71
1 Introduction
Leviathan-type governments without constitutional constraints impose taxes at a rate that
maximizes the tax revenue. This rate is higher than the rate that maximizes social welfare
in the standard framework wherein social welfare depends on useful public goods but not
T. Ihori (El)
Department of Economics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 1 13-0033, Japan
e-mail: ihori @e.u-tokyo.ac.jp
C.C. Yang
Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 1 15, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected]
C.C. Yang
Department of Public Finance, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
C.C. Yang
Department of Public Finance, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Ta.
Brexit the situation as of march 19th 2017Kitty Ussher
A summary of the political situation around Brexit, good for describing to international business audiences. Covers why the referendum result happened, and outlines what is likely to happen from now.
Law and sausages: how Not to Legislate for the Digital economy. A round up of issues around the notorious Digital economy Bill (now Act) and some thoughts on its lasting legacy of e-democracy and social media participation.
Financial transactions tax private power in global policy makingDemocracy Club
This is an essay about the failure of an idea in the face of private power. It begins with a brief history of the idea of a financial transactions tax. It then explains how the modern concept came to be a rallying call for activists and several politicians during the ongoing financial crisis. It examines the economic merit of the European Commission’s conception of the tax, but finds little agreement among scholars and institutions. Despite this lack of agreement, it finds a highly disparaging narrative of the tax in the popular press and in political discourse, particularly in the United Kingdom, which, when coupled with the unrealised nature of the tax, despite the idea’s decades-long existence, suggests that the discourse of the tax has been shaped to reflect its more negative aspects.
To explain this, the essay examines the political situation at the global, regional and national levels, using the Group of Twenty (G20), the European Commission (EC) and the UK as case studies. Here the essay makes a case that there is a significant danger of regulatory capture of these political institutions by the banking lobby. It uses Doris Fuchs’ tripartite definition of power to show how financial institutions exercise control, then uses Walter Mattli and Ngaire Woods’ model of regulatory capture to compare the G20, EC and UK. In this case, it finds that the EC is the institution least susceptible to capture. The essay concludes by considering the case of the financial transactions tax as symbolic of the lack of political action in the face of the power of global private interest, which presents grave problems for global governance.
EL MERCADO LABORAL EN EL SEMESTRE EUROPEO. COMPARATIVA.ManfredNolte
Hoy repasaremos a uña de caballo otro reciente documento de la Comisión (SWD-2024) que lleva por título ‘Análisis de países sobre la convergencia social en línea con las características del Marco de Convergencia Social (SCF)’.
PIB,OKUN Y PARO ESTRUCTURAL: RELACIONES DIRECTAS E INVERSASManfredNolte
Me refiero a las ‘Previsiones económicas de primavera’ de la Comisión europea, que se han constituido la semana pasada en panegírico de nuestras bondades y que, como es natural, han sido aprovechadas por el Gobierno para el autobombo.
LOS MIMBRES HACEN EL CESTO: AGEING REPORT.ManfredNolte
El Informe sobre el envejecimiento concentra un ejercicio único en el sentido de que proporciona proyecciones para los Estados miembros de la UE y Noruega hasta 2070 basadas en datos supuestos y metodologías comunes. El informe suministra un amplio conjunto de datos comparables e internos para 28 países. Dan una idea del momento en que se produce el envejecimiento de la población, sus implicaciones económicas y los desafíos presupuestarios asociados.
Empresarios privados y públicos: ¿adversarios o aliados?ManfredNolte
La reciente notificación de la Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI), acerca de la toma de un porcentaje relevante en el Capital de Telefónica, ha reabierto la recurrente polémica sobre la figura del Estado como Empresario público, su conveniencia, su oportunidad y su eficiencia
CARE ECONOMY: LA VIEJA Y NUEVA ECONOMIA DE LOS CUIDADOS.ManfredNolte
La economía del cuidado entiende del reconocimiento y valoración de todas las actividades que contribuyen a la atención de las personas, incluido el trabajo no remunerado realizado en los hogares, así como el trabajo remunerado que involucra el cuidado de niños, personas mayores, personas con discapacidades y aquellas que necesitan cualquier tipo de atención especial.
DEUDA PUBLICA Y CONVENIENCIA FISCAL: LLAMADOS AL ACUERDO.ManfredNolte
En su conjunto y en rasgos generales, el progreso de la economía, es decir el de su PIB, depende de dos fuentes básicas de alimentación: el aumento de sus factores productivos y el incremento de su productividad.
DESIGUALDAD PERMANENTE: EL ESTANCAMIENTO DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA RIQUEZA.ManfredNolte
La teoría del ‘derrame’ postula atenuar la presión sobre las rentas de los grupos sociales con mayor propensión al ahorro, esto es, los sectores de mayores ingresos, sobre la base de su capacidad de ahorrar e invertir,
COYUNTURA ECONOMICA Y SUS SOMBRAS: INFORME TRIMESTRAL DEL BANCO DE ESPAÑA.ManfredNolte
h
Hay que recordar, que los fotos puntuales, aun cuando salgan bien, no pueden encubrir las carencias, las flaquezas de fondo, que en distintos flancos acechan a nuestra economía.
DESVELANDO LA REALIDAD SOCIAL: ENCUESTA DE CONDICIONES DE VIDA EN ESPAÑA.ManfredNolte
Junto a la de la tolerancia hacia los Paraísos fiscales, último vertedero de la evasión fiscal y del crimen organizado, la pobreza se constituye probablemente en la mayor de las grandes vergüenzas que se confinan en los búnkeres de la economía de mercado.
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Hay creencias firmes, impertérritas, capaces de sobrevivir a cualquier duda o adversidad, ajenas a las opiniones contrarias o simplemente nuevas, ciegas y sordas a cualquier idea o consejo que las desvíe de su camino.
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LA AGROSFERA, DE NUEVO LA REBELIÓN DEL CAMPO.ManfredNolte
La reciente explosión de los agricultores -una más de una larga cadena histórica- es un suceso emocional y espontaneo y como tal no responde a un enunciado claro de reivindicaciones como podrían constar en un documento unificado de propuestas del sector.
TAMAÑO DEL ESTADO Y BIENESTAR EN LA OCDE.ManfredNolte
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MAS ALLA DE LA INCERTIDUMBRE:DESAFIOS DE LA ECONOMIA ESPAÑOLA.ManfredNolte
Un reciente informe de la OCDE (Economic Policy Papers, No. 33), avanza que la economía española retrocederá diez posiciones en la clasificación mundial de países por PIB per cápita, pasando desde la posición 23 en la actualidad a la posición 33 en 2060 .
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Al pie de la montaña mágica de Tomas Mann, enero en la elite es ya sinónimo de esta especial convención, entendiendo por especial no solo el ‘espíritu de Davos’, sino también la naturaleza de sus invitados. Durante cinco días la apacible estación de esquí invernal se transforma en la más selecta y cosmopolita feria del planeta.
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Bruselas ha llamado a cuadrar las cuentas públicas que han campado a sus anchas durante el último trienio, en un contexto de desaceleración económica como el que se intuye, cuando el BCE, centrado en la lucha contra la inflación, no está en condiciones de realizar políticas compensatorias, sino al contrario, de restringirlas.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
1. Robin Hood Tax opponents clutch at legal strawRobin Hood Tax opponents clutch at legal straw
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INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL
It’s been quite a week for the opponents of the EU Financial Transactions Tax (FTT).
In yet another – increasingly desperate – attempt to pronounce the death of the
proposal, a legal opinion from one part of the EU structure, dealing with one
element of the FTT is pronounced sufficient to destroy the proposal. Well, as Joe
Hill would have said “I ain’t dead!”
The fact that this story has got so much uncritical (indeed, staggeringly poorly
informed) coverage in so many respectable journals is itself part of the story. The
well-funded and staff-rich finance sector PR industry has yet again been in overdrive
to blow up a minor story into front page news. Finance sector’s bigwigs should
beware of deluding themselves into believing they have won when they haven’t. And
more importantly than that, FTT supporters should on no account believe the
exaggerations of our opponents, although our rebuttal got little coverage (thanks,
Heather!)
So what’s really happened? The legal service of the EU Council of Finance Ministers
(just one small part of the EU legal service) has produced a legal opinion (not tested
and not binding) that says one element of the proposed FTT (the residence principle,
more below) may be contrary to the legal principles of the EU and therefore may
have to be changed. Other parts of the EU legal service disagree, the European
Commission disagrees, and the German government – for one – disagrees. I suspect
that wouldn’t have made so many headlines…
First, what’s the substance of the argument? The proposed FTT rests on several
principles defining which transactions would be subject to the tax. The residence
principle, which this legal opinion is about (it’s quite explicit that “Other criteria to
determine the applicability of the tax regime, be they already present in the
proposal or otherwise conceivable, are not the subject of the discussion in this
opinion”) says that the tax is paid whenever one of the seller or buyer is based in a
country implementing the tax. It’s one of the measures designed to prevent people
from moving to avoid the tax, but it’s not the only one. The issuance principle is the
one which underpins the UK Stamp Duty, for example, which says that if the
financial product being sold is registered in a country implementing the tax, then
the sale is taxable.
The Robin Hood Tax campaign has always favoured the issuance principle, because
it’s been shown to have worked (40% of Stamp Duty is paid by buyers and sellers
based outside the UK), and it prevents transactions moving, rather than the parties
to those transactions – so it’s more like VAT. We had to fight to get the European
Commission to include the issuance principle in the FTT proposal, and it looks like
that was a smart move.
Second, what’s the status of the legal opinion? Well the clue is partly in the name.
It’s an opinion, not a fact – lawyers are like that, they can produce many different
opinions, which is why the actual decisions are left to courts, rather than lawyers.
Until tested in the courts, this is just a view, and it’s a view that the Commission’s
own legal service doesn’t agree with. It’s the view of the lawyers who work
exclusively for the EU’s Finance Ministers and it rather reflects the scepticism of
finance ministries.
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Third, what will happen as a result? Well, er, it looks like nothing. Both the EU Tax
Commissioner, Algirdas Semeta, and the government most committed to the FTT,
Germany, appear to have dismissed the legal opinion because of “second…” above.
Semeta tweeted that “FTT is legally sound and fully complies with EU treaties and
international law.” But even if the legal opinion was found to be correct, the FTT
proposal would simply have to be amended slightly to stress the issuance principle
instead, and it could be implemented as planned.
But, fourth, what does this tell us about the way that the FTT’s opponents operate,
and about what we as supporters have to do in response? Throughout the campaign
for an FTT, the finance sector corporate PR lobby has missed no opportunity to
pronounce the tax dead, finished, about to be scrapped, or – a subtle one, this,
better replaced by something that would take far less money in tax from the
admittedly greedy bankers. The German government has reportedly abandoned its
support for the FTT on at least two dozen occasions over the past three years, and on
none of those occasions has it been remotely true. Should journalists reporting on
this be a little more sceptical, a little more willing to ask both sides of the debate for
their opinion? Yes, indubitably. (As a further footnote, you have to wonder how this
secret legal opinion was so quickly in the hands of the media – will there be a
Snowden-style witch-hunt for the leaker? No, there won’t.)
Those of us who want a Robin Hood Tax (presciently reaffirmed by the TUC this
week in a motion written weeks ago which pledged “continued support for the
introduction of a financial transactions – or Robin Hood – tax, in the face of
sustained finance sector lobbying against this”), the lesson is that we need to step up
the campaign – especially in the media – to get the case put for democratic
governments to decide who pays what tax, rather than the spin doctors of wealthy
bankers.
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