Molecular manufacturing (MM) aims to precisely construct complex products atom-by-atom using mechanical chemistry and robotic assembly. Theoretical studies have shown it is possible to build molecular structures like diamond lattices in this way. A small robotic device called a fabricator could use supplied chemicals to manufacture nanoscale shapes and machines. Multiple fabricators could then be combined to create a personal nanofactory (PN) capable of building human-scale products within months. Once developed, nanofactories would allow for highly efficient, low-cost production of strong, functional products across many industries using simple, parallel manufacturing processes.
Detection of swine hepatitis e virus in thekpiller
This document summarizes the detection of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pig livers in Jeju Island, South Korea. Samples from pig livers showed mild to moderate hepatitis and yellowish discoloration. RT-PCR testing detected swine HEV infection in the liver tissue. The findings suggest that swine can be a reservoir for zoonotic HEV infection, posing a risk to those with occupations exposed to pigs.
This document provides a tutorial on basic MATLAB commands for creating, manipulating, and operating on vectors and matrices. It describes how to create vectors and matrices, change their entries, perform matrix multiplication and inversion, extract submatrices, and create special matrices like identity and diagonal matrices. Examples are provided to illustrate various commands like eye, inv, backslash, and how to input vectors, matrices, and create M-files for functions and scripts.
This document summarizes a lecture on forces and moments transmitted by slender members. It defines slender members as long, skinny structural elements like skis, golf clubs, and I-beams. It discusses axial forces that act along the member's axis, shear forces that act in the plane of the member's face, and bending moments. Sign conventions for these internal loads are also defined. An example is then shown of calculating the internal forces and moments in a beam with a point load applied.
El documento describe el proceso convencional de compras, que incluye la generación de una orden de compra por parte del departamento de compras, la recepción y almacenamiento del producto en el almacén, y el pago al vendedor una vez recibida la factura.
1) The document discusses friction and provides examples of static and kinetic friction. It defines the coefficients of static (μs) and kinetic (μk) friction.
2) An example of a block on an inclined plane is used to illustrate static friction. The angle at which the block will start to slide down the plane depends on the coefficient of static friction.
3) Another example examines the range of applied force where a block placed on a horizontal plane will remain in equilibrium. The range depends on the coefficient of static friction and angles of the forces.
Detection of swine hepatitis e virus in thekpiller
This document summarizes the detection of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pig livers in Jeju Island, South Korea. Samples from pig livers showed mild to moderate hepatitis and yellowish discoloration. RT-PCR testing detected swine HEV infection in the liver tissue. The findings suggest that swine can be a reservoir for zoonotic HEV infection, posing a risk to those with occupations exposed to pigs.
This document provides a tutorial on basic MATLAB commands for creating, manipulating, and operating on vectors and matrices. It describes how to create vectors and matrices, change their entries, perform matrix multiplication and inversion, extract submatrices, and create special matrices like identity and diagonal matrices. Examples are provided to illustrate various commands like eye, inv, backslash, and how to input vectors, matrices, and create M-files for functions and scripts.
This document summarizes a lecture on forces and moments transmitted by slender members. It defines slender members as long, skinny structural elements like skis, golf clubs, and I-beams. It discusses axial forces that act along the member's axis, shear forces that act in the plane of the member's face, and bending moments. Sign conventions for these internal loads are also defined. An example is then shown of calculating the internal forces and moments in a beam with a point load applied.
El documento describe el proceso convencional de compras, que incluye la generación de una orden de compra por parte del departamento de compras, la recepción y almacenamiento del producto en el almacén, y el pago al vendedor una vez recibida la factura.
1) The document discusses friction and provides examples of static and kinetic friction. It defines the coefficients of static (μs) and kinetic (μk) friction.
2) An example of a block on an inclined plane is used to illustrate static friction. The angle at which the block will start to slide down the plane depends on the coefficient of static friction.
3) Another example examines the range of applied force where a block placed on a horizontal plane will remain in equilibrium. The range depends on the coefficient of static friction and angles of the forces.
A comparison of historical vs current instructional designClemson University
This document compares historical and current instructional design strategies used in the manufacturing industry. It discusses pioneers in the field from the 1900s like Frederick Taylor who developed timed work instructions. Sidney Pressey created early teaching machines, while B.F. Skinner researched programmed instruction. W.E. Deming applied quality control methods and embraced instructional design. The document finds that while methods have impacted design and learning, approaches have changed little since Taylorism. It identifies future trends like inclusion of diverse perspectives and customized instructional materials.
This document discusses the development of a new type of battery that could revolutionize energy storage. It describes how the battery uses a solid electrolyte material that conducts ions quickly without using liquid electrolytes. This leads to a battery that charges faster, lasts longer and poses less risk of leaks or fires. The solid-state battery is expected to be commercially available within the next five years and could replace lithium-ion batteries in many applications.
The staff meeting focused on planning an alternate site evacuation drill. Staff were asked to review evacuation procedures before the meeting to discuss how to improve safety plans. On April 1st, staff would participate in a lockdown drill and evacuation to the designated alternate site, the Chisago Community Center. On May 23rd, a drill with students would take place. Staff were given questions to consider regarding the logistics and roles for an off-site evacuation. The role of law enforcement would also be discussed. Staff were asked to review lockdown and evacuation procedures in preparation for the meeting.
This patient presented with chronic headache and right-sided weakness. Imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass centered in the splenium of the corpus callosum, with significant edema. Histopathology of a biopsy showed features of a high-grade glioma such as cellular atypia, endothelial proliferation, and a high Ki-67 proliferation index. Immunohistochemistry was positive for GFAP. Features were consistent with glioblastoma multiforme.
Makalah ini membahas tentang autisme pada anak. Ada beberapa poin penting yang diangkat:
1. Autisme adalah gangguan perkembangan pervasif yang ditandai dengan kesulitan berkomunikasi, interaksi sosial, dan kebiasaan berulang.
2. Gejala autisme mulai terlihat sejak bayi hingga remaja dengan berbagai manifestasi klinis seperti penarikan diri, gerakan tubuh stereotipik, dan perilaku ritualistik.
3
The Northrop F-20 Tigershark was a privately developed fighter aircraft meant to be sold to foreign militaries as an alternative to the F-16. It shared some design similarities to Northrop's F-5 but had better performance due to an upgraded engine. Three prototypes were built in the 1980s but no sales materialized as potential customers preferred the F-16. The project was ultimately cancelled after six years due to high costs and lack of orders.
Este documento apresenta uma solução para monitoramento de logs de aplicações utilizando a stack ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash e Kibana). Apresenta a necessidade de coleta centralizada de logs de diversas tecnologias, a solução proposta com cada ferramenta da stack ELK, a instalação, configuração, inicialização e topologia da solução.
This document describes porting the clinical mobile application NeuroMind from iPhone to Android using online collaboration. NeuroMind was originally developed for iPhone and provides medical information. The authors collaborated online to develop an Android version. They faced challenges with different development platforms and maintaining collaboration remotely. Future work includes improving the user interface for multiple platforms and integrating user-generated content and ratings.
Tutte le foto appartengono agli utenti del forum di Land of Immortals. E' vietata la distribuzione, manipolazione o riproduzione anche parziale dei contenuti di questo file senza il permesso dei proprietari delle foto. Ovviamente potete scaricare il calendario e stamparlo mantenendone l'integrità, quindi i credits alla community di Land of Immortals e le discalie con i nomi degli autori degli scatti e dei proprietari delle bambole ritratte. Grazie.
El documento presenta información sobre la Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Neurocirugía (FLANC), incluyendo su directorio, comités, capítulos y presidentes honorarios y de sociedades asociadas. Resume la estructura y liderazgo de esta organización dedicada a promover la neurocirugía en América Latina.
Dos personas, Tomás y Mateo, se presentan y saludan. Intercambian información sobre dónde viven, con Tomás viviendo en la Calle Jaén y Mateo viviendo en la Calle Beata, ambos en la ciudad de Fuensanta.
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is a set of procedures and practices diplomats and ambassadors from all over the world must abide by and observe.
This document summarizes the detection of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pig livers in Jeju Island, South Korea. Liver samples from pigs showed mild to moderate multifocal hepatitis and portal inflammation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing detected swine HEV infection in the liver tissue. The conclusions are that swine HEV infection can occur in very young pigs and PCR methods are more sensitive for diagnosing infectious diseases compared to other tests.
This document is a form for a student to provide basic information about themselves and their physical education class. It asks for the student's school, name, surname, age, teacher's name, and favorite sport. The form provides examples of popular sports like football, basketball, handball, and tennis.
This document discusses relative motion analysis using translating reference frames. It provides two examples of using relative motion: [1] describing the motion of a glider in a crosswind relative to the moving air mass and ground, and [2] finding the velocity and acceleration of a glider being towed by an airplane. The document explains that relative motion involves describing motion from the perspective of observers undergoing constant velocity translation, like an aircraft or particle, and combining relative and absolute motions using vector addition and subtraction.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This project involves designing and developing a wireless, microcontroller-based humanoid arm with a five-fingered hand. Solidworks was used to design the mechanical components of the hand to resemble a human hand. Analysis was performed to ensure design specifications such as weight and cost were met. The hand will be 3D printed based on CAM codes generated in NX-CAM. An Arduino microcontroller board will enable wireless control of servo motors in the hand using a sensor-equipped control glove. The goal is to create a low-cost, biologically inspired robotic hand for applications such as bomb disposal, prosthetics and surgery.
A comparison of historical vs current instructional designClemson University
This document compares historical and current instructional design strategies used in the manufacturing industry. It discusses pioneers in the field from the 1900s like Frederick Taylor who developed timed work instructions. Sidney Pressey created early teaching machines, while B.F. Skinner researched programmed instruction. W.E. Deming applied quality control methods and embraced instructional design. The document finds that while methods have impacted design and learning, approaches have changed little since Taylorism. It identifies future trends like inclusion of diverse perspectives and customized instructional materials.
This document discusses the development of a new type of battery that could revolutionize energy storage. It describes how the battery uses a solid electrolyte material that conducts ions quickly without using liquid electrolytes. This leads to a battery that charges faster, lasts longer and poses less risk of leaks or fires. The solid-state battery is expected to be commercially available within the next five years and could replace lithium-ion batteries in many applications.
The staff meeting focused on planning an alternate site evacuation drill. Staff were asked to review evacuation procedures before the meeting to discuss how to improve safety plans. On April 1st, staff would participate in a lockdown drill and evacuation to the designated alternate site, the Chisago Community Center. On May 23rd, a drill with students would take place. Staff were given questions to consider regarding the logistics and roles for an off-site evacuation. The role of law enforcement would also be discussed. Staff were asked to review lockdown and evacuation procedures in preparation for the meeting.
This patient presented with chronic headache and right-sided weakness. Imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass centered in the splenium of the corpus callosum, with significant edema. Histopathology of a biopsy showed features of a high-grade glioma such as cellular atypia, endothelial proliferation, and a high Ki-67 proliferation index. Immunohistochemistry was positive for GFAP. Features were consistent with glioblastoma multiforme.
Makalah ini membahas tentang autisme pada anak. Ada beberapa poin penting yang diangkat:
1. Autisme adalah gangguan perkembangan pervasif yang ditandai dengan kesulitan berkomunikasi, interaksi sosial, dan kebiasaan berulang.
2. Gejala autisme mulai terlihat sejak bayi hingga remaja dengan berbagai manifestasi klinis seperti penarikan diri, gerakan tubuh stereotipik, dan perilaku ritualistik.
3
The Northrop F-20 Tigershark was a privately developed fighter aircraft meant to be sold to foreign militaries as an alternative to the F-16. It shared some design similarities to Northrop's F-5 but had better performance due to an upgraded engine. Three prototypes were built in the 1980s but no sales materialized as potential customers preferred the F-16. The project was ultimately cancelled after six years due to high costs and lack of orders.
Este documento apresenta uma solução para monitoramento de logs de aplicações utilizando a stack ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash e Kibana). Apresenta a necessidade de coleta centralizada de logs de diversas tecnologias, a solução proposta com cada ferramenta da stack ELK, a instalação, configuração, inicialização e topologia da solução.
This document describes porting the clinical mobile application NeuroMind from iPhone to Android using online collaboration. NeuroMind was originally developed for iPhone and provides medical information. The authors collaborated online to develop an Android version. They faced challenges with different development platforms and maintaining collaboration remotely. Future work includes improving the user interface for multiple platforms and integrating user-generated content and ratings.
Tutte le foto appartengono agli utenti del forum di Land of Immortals. E' vietata la distribuzione, manipolazione o riproduzione anche parziale dei contenuti di questo file senza il permesso dei proprietari delle foto. Ovviamente potete scaricare il calendario e stamparlo mantenendone l'integrità, quindi i credits alla community di Land of Immortals e le discalie con i nomi degli autori degli scatti e dei proprietari delle bambole ritratte. Grazie.
El documento presenta información sobre la Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Neurocirugía (FLANC), incluyendo su directorio, comités, capítulos y presidentes honorarios y de sociedades asociadas. Resume la estructura y liderazgo de esta organización dedicada a promover la neurocirugía en América Latina.
Dos personas, Tomás y Mateo, se presentan y saludan. Intercambian información sobre dónde viven, con Tomás viviendo en la Calle Jaén y Mateo viviendo en la Calle Beata, ambos en la ciudad de Fuensanta.
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is a set of procedures and practices diplomats and ambassadors from all over the world must abide by and observe.
This document summarizes the detection of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pig livers in Jeju Island, South Korea. Liver samples from pigs showed mild to moderate multifocal hepatitis and portal inflammation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing detected swine HEV infection in the liver tissue. The conclusions are that swine HEV infection can occur in very young pigs and PCR methods are more sensitive for diagnosing infectious diseases compared to other tests.
This document is a form for a student to provide basic information about themselves and their physical education class. It asks for the student's school, name, surname, age, teacher's name, and favorite sport. The form provides examples of popular sports like football, basketball, handball, and tennis.
This document discusses relative motion analysis using translating reference frames. It provides two examples of using relative motion: [1] describing the motion of a glider in a crosswind relative to the moving air mass and ground, and [2] finding the velocity and acceleration of a glider being towed by an airplane. The document explains that relative motion involves describing motion from the perspective of observers undergoing constant velocity translation, like an aircraft or particle, and combining relative and absolute motions using vector addition and subtraction.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This project involves designing and developing a wireless, microcontroller-based humanoid arm with a five-fingered hand. Solidworks was used to design the mechanical components of the hand to resemble a human hand. Analysis was performed to ensure design specifications such as weight and cost were met. The hand will be 3D printed based on CAM codes generated in NX-CAM. An Arduino microcontroller board will enable wireless control of servo motors in the hand using a sensor-equipped control glove. The goal is to create a low-cost, biologically inspired robotic hand for applications such as bomb disposal, prosthetics and surgery.
Is Additive Metal Manufacturing the Next Technological Wonder Drug? An article in Canadian Metalworking Magazine reviewing AMM's success with their two (2) EOS Model M290 e-Manufacturing DMLS Systems.
Siemens SW Multidisciplinary simulation in the chemical and process industry.pdfEvgenyKulish1
The document discusses how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is becoming more widely used in the chemical and process industries. It describes a new workflow tool within Siemens' Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software that makes mixing vessel simulation more accessible to engineers. The mixing vessel workflow allows users to easily set up, run, and analyze mixing simulations. It handles geometry creation, meshing, solver setup and includes automated post-processing and parameterized designs to enable design space exploration. This new tool is lowering barriers to using CFD for engineers seeking to solve mixing problems and optimize chemical processes.
Rapid prototyping is a technique used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using 3D computer-aided design (CAD) data and 3D printing technology. It originated in the late 1980s and allows for the production of models and prototype parts to test designs. Reverse engineering involves analyzing an existing system to recreate its components, while reengineering is a radical redesign not constrained by previous solutions. Concurrent engineering is an approach where design, manufacturing, and other functions integrate tasks concurrently to reduce time to market for new products.
Transcript: Lamp stack of manufacturing - Make:HIWNick Pinkston
Nick Pinkston discusses his vision for the future of manufacturing where engineers and designers have more direct control over the production process. He outlines a "manufacturing stack" approach where physical machines are abstracted so they can be automated, networked together into a flexible assembly line, have designs compiled into machine commands, and allow rapid debugging. This gives engineers a more direct interface with production similar to how software is developed and deployed through layers of abstraction, automation and interfaces.
Lockheed Martin engineers are developing a new design for a revolutionary space telescope with the help of MakerBot's 3D printing solutions. They are using MakerBot printers to quickly iterate prototypes of the SPIDER (Segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro-optical Reconnaissance) technology, which could make telescopes smaller, lighter, and less expensive. By accelerating the design process through rapid prototyping, MakerBot allows the engineers to conduct more experiments and gain insights faster. This helps Lockheed Martin deliver better solutions more quickly to clients like NASA and DARPA.
The document discusses modern methods of construction (MMC), specifically off-site and on-site construction. Off-site construction involves prefabricating building elements or modules in a factory setting and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. Key benefits of off-site construction include time savings, improved quality control, addressing skills shortages in the industry, and potential cost reductions. Common forms of off-site construction are volumetric construction (three-dimensional modules assembled on site), modular construction, and panelized construction.
B Kindilien-Does Manufacturing Have a Future?jgIpotiwon
Presentation to students and educators at Eastern Connecticut State University in 2008 on the challenges, and opportunities, facing people in manufacturing.
The document discusses nanorobotics, which involves building devices at the nanoscale using molecular manufacturing. Nanorobotics research involves both simulation of nanoscale dimensions and microscopic manipulation. Potential applications of nanorobots in medicine include curing diseases, replacing immune functions, and detecting pathogens. Fractal robots are also discussed as a potential intermediate technology using modular blocks that can rearrange themselves. Fractal robots may one day enable self-repair and construction of complex structures like space stations. While nanorobotics research continues, fractal robots present more feasible near-term applications.
The document discusses nanorobotics, which involves building devices at the nanoscale using molecular manufacturing. Nanorobotics research involves both simulation of nanoscale dimensions and microscopic manipulation. Potential applications of nanorobots in medicine include curing diseases, replacing immune functions, and detecting pathogens. Fractal robots are also discussed as a potential intermediate technology using modular blocks that can rearrange themselves. Fractal robots may one day enable self-repair and construction of complex structures like space stations. While nanorobotics research continues, fractal robots present more feasible near-term applications.
This document discusses nanorobotics and its applications. It begins with an introduction to nanotechnology and robotics. Nanorobotics involves the controlled manipulation of objects at the nanoscale. Potential applications of nanorobots include using them in medicine to detect and eliminate pathogens, and employing them to cure diseases. Fractal robots, made of interconnected motorized cubes, are also discussed as they can change shapes and potentially be used to build structures. Nanorobotics holds promise but also faces challenges due to the difficulty of manipulating matter at the nanoscale.
Nano computing describes computing that uses extremely small, or nano scale, devices. It will be integrated into existing products like disk drives and fundamentally new products, software, and architectures will be developed. Nano computing will change the computer industry in many ways by making existing technologies like memory and storage even more abundant and enabling new technologies to replace obsolete machines, requiring enormous effort and resources. Nano computers could potentially be small enough to fit in a jacket pocket while having storage for all of today's internet and processing capabilities surpassing today's supercomputers. However, full realization of nano computing's potential may not occur for at least 15 years.
1) The document discusses trends in digital innovation in architecture, engineering, and construction. Specifically, it highlights the transition to parametric design and interoperability platforms as part of the "third digital age".
2) Parametric models allow designs to dynamically change based on adjustable parameters, improving efficiency over static building information models. Interoperability platforms further enhance collaboration by providing a centralized definition linking different software packages.
3) Bouwen met Staal, which organized a webinar series on digital innovation, is contributing to the growth of parametric design through workshops and research projects. Parametric modeling offers benefits like adapting quickly to changes and automating repetitive tasks.
The MiCADO Master Node supports the operation, management and monitoring of applications based on specific parameters such CPU or network traffic, detecting bottlenecks, and realising the autoscaling control loops. The desired deployment and run-time characteristics of the application are defined in a TOSCA-based Application Description Template (ADT) that provides all relevant information, application requirements, infrastructure characteristics and scaling policies to roll out the Infrastructure and manage the application cluster. Additionally, scaling decision can be further improved with a machine learning-based optimiser.
MiCADO - Auto-scaling Framework for Docker Containers, orchestrated by Kubern...Project COLA
09/2019 MiCADO by Project COLA Flyer
MiCADO combines:
Orchestration of Application Cluster in multiple Cloud environments
Parallel Scaling of Docker container & virtual machines
Automated Deployment of Application Cluster
High Availability
Discover more:
www.micado-scale.eu
www.project-cola.eu
Nanorobotics involves building robots at the nanoscale level using molecular manufacturing. This document discusses nanorobotics, including how it works at the atomic level, potential applications of nanorobots in medicine like disease treatment, and fractal robots which can change shape by rearranging motorized cubic blocks. Fractal robots are a stepping stone between molecular nanotechnology and practical engineering and could implement concepts like self-repair. Overall, continued technological advances are bringing the possibility of nanorobots closer to reality with promises like ending common diseases.
Shape deposition manufacturing (SDM) is a rapid prototyping technique that simultaneously fabricates and assembles mechanisms in layers. SDM involves alternating deposition of part material and sacrificial support material with machining of hardened layers. This allows for embedded components and spatially varying material properties. Literature studies discuss SDM applications like spider-inspired climbing aids and hexapedal robots. Modern equipment uses lasers for precise material deposition integrated with CNC milling. Case studies examine using SDM to develop tissue scaffolds.
This document discusses the benefits of developing common modules and interfaces for robots to support space colonization efforts. It outlines several key robot modules such as control, chassis, propulsion, communications, guidance, power, instrumentation, and payload. Developing common standards for these modules could allow for easier maintenance, replacement of defective parts, and adding new technologies. The document proposes categorizing robot functions into types such as EVbots for extreme environments, Scanbots for mapping areas, Repairbots, Tugbots, Shopbots, Commbots for communications, and Deploybots for delivering payloads. This would help optimize the use of mobile robots and accelerate the acceptance of common modular robotic designs.
The document summarizes key concepts from Stephen Covey's book "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People". It discusses the first three habits: 1) Be Proactive - take responsibility for your life and focus on things within your control. 2) Begin with the End in Mind - develop a personal mission statement and envision your goals. 3) Put First Things First - prioritize important tasks and spend time on high-impact activities to achieve your goals. Effective time management involves focusing on important tasks rather than urgent tasks.
Us navy introduction to helicopter aerodynamics workbook cnatra p-401 [us n...Mohamed Yaser
Here are the answers to the review questions from Chapter 1:
1. Oxygen comprises approximately 21 percent of the earth's atmosphere.
2. Air density changes in direct proportion to pressure and inverse proportion to temperature, altitude, and humidity.
3. d. less dense.
4. pressure altitude
5. temperature and humidity
6. True
7. As temperature increases above standard day conditions, density altitude increases and air density decreases.
8. 4,500 feet
9. 6,600 feet
10. Increases density altitude, which decreases rotor efficiency.
11. Increased density altitude adversely affects both power required and power available. Power required increases due
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in machine learning using neural networks. While progress has been made, fully general human-level artificial intelligence remains an ongoing challenge being worked on by researchers.
Seddon j. basic helicopter aerodynamics [bsp prof. books 1990]Mohamed Yaser
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The 10 natural_laws_of_successful_time_and_life_managementMohamed Yaser
The document summarizes the 10 natural laws of successful time and life management. It discusses how inner peace comes from aligning daily activities with core values. It provides a pyramid model showing the relationship between values, goals, and tasks. The laws discuss controlling events through planning, setting goals beyond one's comfort zone, and managing behavior by examining beliefs and needs. Behavior patterns reflect underlying beliefs, and negative behaviors are overcome by changing incorrect beliefs.
The 10 Natural Laws Of Successful Time And Life ManagementMohamed Yaser
The document outlines 10 natural laws of successful time and life management according to Hyrum W. Smith. The three most important laws are:
1. Your governing values are the foundation of personal fulfillment. Identifying your core values through writing a "personal constitution" allows you to plan your time effectively.
2. When your daily activities reflect your governing values, prioritized in order of importance, you experience inner peace and avoid neglecting what matters most.
3. You control your life by controlling your time. Focus on identifying vital versus urgent tasks and spend maximum time on important priorities rather than what is simply urgent. Managing events according to your values leads to fulfillment.
The Northrop F-20 Tigershark was a privately developed fighter aircraft intended to compete with the F-16 Fighting Falcon. It began flying in 1982 but failed to secure any orders due to the US relaxing restrictions on F-16 sales. While the F-20 had performance comparable to early F-16 models, its airframe was based on the older F-5 design with limited expansion capabilities. The last prototype is displayed at the California Science Center.
This document lists dates from January 29th to February 28th. It includes columns for important events and tasks but these columns are empty. The document appears to be a monthly calendar intended to log events and tasks but it currently contains no information.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the structural design process for aerospace structures. It discusses that structural integrity is key to prevent failure, and the majority of accidents are due to structural material failure. The course will provide tools to properly design aerospace structures to ensure integrity. It notes that while aircraft structures have been the main focus, the techniques can be generalized to other structures like space structures. The structural design process is then outlined, with the goal being to ensure integrity while minimizing cost, often meaning weight. Key aspects of structural integrity are also defined.
This document provides a summary of basic MATLAB commands organized into sections:
1) Basic scalar, vector, and matrix operations including declaring variables, performing arithmetic, accessing elements, and clearing memory.
2) Using character strings to print output and combine text.
3) Common mathematical operations like exponents, logarithms, trigonometric functions, rounding, and converting between numeric and string formats.
The document demonstrates how to perform essential tasks in MATLAB through examples and explanations of core commands. It serves as an introductory tutorial for newcomers to learn MATLAB's basic functionality.
This document provides an introduction to using MATLAB for numerical methods in chemical engineering. It discusses how computers solve problems by breaking them down into linear algebraic systems that can be represented as matrix equations. While compiled languages like FORTRAN are efficient, MATLAB is better suited for education and small-to-medium projects because it is an interpreted language, allowing interactive use without needing to compile code. MATLAB handles tasks like input/output, variable naming, and graphics internally through pre-compiled routines.
This document introduces an alternative theoretical framework to Einstein's theory of special relativity called Realitivistic Relativity 2.0. It proposes that star systems and atomic systems are fundamentally similar, with stars behaving like protons and planets like electrons. The author derived mathematical relationships between celestial objects and their quantum counterparts with high accuracy. This work maps objects in star systems to particles in atoms and vice versa, challenging existing interpretations of physics. It aims to simplify and unite physics through reexamining data from first principles without preconceived theories.
This document summarizes a lecture on forces and moments transmitted by slender members. It defines slender members as long, skinny structural elements like skis, golf clubs, and I-beams. It discusses axial forces that act along the member's axis, shear forces that act in the plane of the member's face, and bending moments. Sign conventions for these internal loads are also defined. An example is provided to demonstrate calculating the internal forces and moments in a beam by setting up free body diagrams at different points.
1. The document summarizes mechanics concepts including equilibrium, force-deformation relationships, and compatibility as they relate to statically indeterminate structures.
2. It provides the equations to solve for forces and deformations on a 2D frame with applied load P and determines displacements are a function of material and geometric properties.
3. The summary solves for the displacements uDx and uDy of point D on the frame in terms of the applied load P, bar cross-sectional area A, length L, and angle θ using the equilibrium and compatibility equations.
The document reviews concepts of uniaxial loading, stress, strain, stress-strain relationships, force-displacement relationships, and deformation and displacement in mechanical structures. It provides an example of calculating forces and displacements in a statically determinate truss. The document outlines an algorithm to determine displacements at point B by considering compatibility of displacements for given forces.
This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on mechanics and materials, including:
1. Equations relating force, deformation, and compatibility for a bar under uniaxial loading. Small angle approximations are introduced.
2. Stress is defined as force per unit area, and strain is defined as the change in length per original length. Materials have a linear elastic region defined by Young's modulus E.
3. Typical values of Young's modulus E are provided for common materials like steel, aluminum, and composites. Material selection involves optimizing stiffness k for a given application based on E and density.
1. Overview: Molecular manufacturing (MM) means the ability to build devices, machines,
and eventually whole products with every atom in its specified place. TodaY
the theories for using mechanical chemistry to directly fabricate nanoscale structures are
well-developed and awaiting progress in enabling technologies. Assuming all this theory
works—and no one has established a problem with it yet—exponential general-purpose
molecular manufacturing appears to be inevitable. It might become a reality by 2010 to
2015, more plausibly will by 2015 to 2020, and almost certainly will by 2020 to 2025. When
it arrives, it will come quickly. MM can be built into a self-contained, personal factory (PN)
that makes cheap products efficiently at molecular scale. The time from the first fabricator
to a flood of powerful and complex products may be less than a year. The potential
benefits of such a technology are immense. Unfortunately, the risks are also immense.
Molecular The goal of molecular manufacturing (MM) is to build complex products
manufacturing with almost every atom in its proper place. This requires creating large
can make large, molecular shapes and then assembling them into products. The molecules
complex must be built by some form of chemistry. Many MM proposals assume that
products with building shapes of the required variety and complexity will require robotic
almost every placement (covalent bonding) of small chemical pieces. Once the
atom precisely molecular shapes are made, they must be combined to form structures and
placed. machines. Again, this is probably done most easily by robotic assembly.
Theoretical studies have shown that it should be possible to build diamond
lattice by mechanically guided chemistry, or mechanochemistry. By
building the lattice in various directions, a wide variety of parts can be
made—parts that would be familiar to a mechanical engineer, such as
levers and housings. A robotic system used to build the molecular parts
could also be used to assemble the parts into a machine. In fact, there is
no reason why a robotic system can't build a copy of itself. In sharp
contrast to conventional manufacturing, only a few (chemical) processes
are needed to make any required shape. And with each atom in the right
place, each manufactured part will be precisely the right size—so robotic
assembly plans will be easy to program. A small nano-robotic device that
can use supplied chemicals to manufacture nanoscale products under
external control is called a fabricator.
More than forty years ago, Richard Feynman said, "The principles of
physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of
maneuvering things atom by atom." Molecular nanotechnology includes
only one additional, and relatively easy, step: combining the small shapes
and machines produced by individual chemical workstations into large
products. The easiest way to do this is to combine small pieces into larger
pieces, and then join those to make still larger ones. This process is called
convergent assembly, and it can be used to make products large enough to
be used directly by people. CRN has published a peer-reviewed paper,
titled "Design of a Primitive Nanofactory", showing how large numbers of
fabricators can be combined to create a personal nanofactory (PN) capable
of making human-scale products. It appears that this might be
accomplished in as little as a few months after the first fabricator is built.
The resulting PN would be easy to program to make a wide variety of
products, including duplicate PNs.
Molecular Although there are several possible ways to develop an MM capability, the
2. manufacturing best way appears to be the creation of fabricators and then nanofactories
will be highly that can make diamond lattice (as explained above). Diamond is very
desirable for strong, and can be used to build a wide variety of useful gadgets including
both motors and computers. This implies that the products of a nanofactory will
commercial and also be strong, and that active functionality can be extremely compact. For
military example, an engine powerful enough to drive a car would fill less than a
projects. cubic centimeter, and a modern supercomputer would require less than a
cubic millimeter. Diamond structure would be at least ten times as strong
as steel for the same weight—probably closer to 100 times as strong.
Because of the simple, and massively parallel, manufacturing used by a
nanofactory, the complexity of a product would not affect either the
manufacturing cost or the time to build it. A new design—any new design—
could be built in just a few hours. A nanofactory, like an fabricator, will be
able to duplicate itself. Nanofactories will be as cheap as any other
product, so any desired number of nanofactories can be built. Since
nanofactories can be used for final manufacturing as well as rapid
prototyping, product design will not have to concern itself with
"manufacturability." As soon as a prototype is designed, it can be built. As
soon as the prototype is approved, mass production can be started—and
finished a few hours later.
The design of an MM version of a product will actually be easier than
today's process. Instead of designing a shape and then worrying about how
to whittle down a block of material or carve out a mold, the designer
simply specifies the shape—and the nanofactory will create diamond
structure to fill the specified volume. Instead of worrying about fastening
parts together, the designer can simply tell the CAD software that they
should be attached. The surfaces to be joined will be covered by the CAD
software with a simple mechanical interlocking mechanism (described in
CRN's Nanofactory paper), and the convergent assembly process only needs
to press them together. Because power and computer functionality will be
much smaller than today's devices, the designer will have much less
difficulty in making the functional parts of the design fit into the space
required. And because a vast range of products can be specified by a single
CAD system and manufactured by a single nanofactory design, a well-
trained MNT designer will be able to design a large number of products,
just as a well-trained software engineer can write a wide variety of
programs.
The strength and power of products, the compactness of their functional
components, and the ease and speed of design and production, combine to
make MM a very useful technology. Vast amounts of money can be saved in
the product design process, in manufacturing, in distribution and
warehousing. New product lines can be designed, manufactured, and
marketed in a few weeks. The same efficiencies apply to military hardware
as well. Each new weapons system could be developed and deployed much
more quickly and cheaply. Prototypes and tests would be generated much
faster and cost far less. Since a prototype design could be immediately
manufactured in any desired quantity, deployment would also be much
faster. New kinds of weapon systems could be contemplated. Both
commercial and military/governmental organizations will have a strong
incentive to fund the rapid development of MM, even at a cost of billions of
dollars.
It's a very short As described above, a fabricator is a small machine that can create precise
step from a shapes out of molecules, assemble those shapes into machines, and
fabricator to a ultimately duplicate itself when supplied with the necessary broadcast
nanofactory. instruction stream. The duplication is necessary because a single fabricator
(MORE) could not build more than a small number of tiny products. A fabricator is a
worthwhile goal, because although it can't make large products, many
fabricators can be combined to form a nanofactory. CRN has published a
technical paper describing the process and techniques required to
3. bootstrap from a sub-micron fabricator to a personal nanofactory; it
appears that this can be done in a few months if suitable design and
analysis is done beforehand. So we can assume that a fabricator project
will include a nanofactory project, and that a useful nanofactory will
appear within months of the first fabricator.
Once the first A wide range of products can be designed simply by sticking small
nanofactory is functional blocks together; the joining process is covered in detail in the
built, a flood of paper mentioned above. Effectively, then, the question of when we will
products will see a flood of MM-built products boils down to the question of how quickly
follow. the first fabricator can be designed and built. Once the first desktop
nanofactory has been built, its first product likely will be another identical
nanofactory. Then, following the simple math of exponential duplication,
it's easy to see that within months millions or even billions of personal
nanofactories conceivably could be in operation. A key understanding of
MM is that it leads not just to improved products, but to a vastly improved
and accelerated means of production.
Most of today's There is a difference between molecular manufacturing technology and
nanotech is today's nanomaterials research and other nanoscale technologies. Most of
different from the nanotech work now being funded involves building small structures and
molecular searching for novel properties, then figuring out ways to use these new
manufacturing. properties in new products. This is very useful work, and in many cases will
be very profitable. But it is quite different from MM, which is concerned
with building a single device: a flexible, easy-to-use, preferably large-
scale, molecular manufacturing system. (Of course, once created this
system could immediately start making a wide range of products.) Some
results of current nanotechnology research will be enabling technologies
for MM: technologies that make it easier to build a fabricator. Non-
nanotech fields will also contribute enabling technologies.
Designing a Designing a fabricator will not be easy. Mechanochemistry, the formation
fabricator will or breaking of chemical bonds under direct mechanical control, has been
be hard but demonstrated, but it will take a lot more work to develop the
feasible. mechanochemical techniques to build diamond and other strong materials.
(MORE) These techniques will require some basic research; however, preliminary
work (by Eric Drexler, Robert Freitas, Ralph Merkle, and John Michelsen,
for example) shows that there are several different kinds of
mechanochemical reactions that should be able to build diamond. Unless
all this work is wrong and no other techniques can be discovered, building
atomically precise diamondoid shapes will be possible. The small-scale
robotic device to do the required mechanochemical operations has to be
designed, including the control system. This is mostly a matter of simple
mechanics. The integration of the mechanochemical device with other
devices to support the parts and product, deliver "feedstock" chemicals
from an uncontrolled exterior to a well-controlled interior, and so on
should also be relatively straightforward—at least compared with designing
a spacecraft.
A modern spacecraft contains millions of parts (estimates for the Space
Shuttle range from 2.5 to six million). A large spacecraft design must
account for fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, vibration and resonance on
many time scales, avionics and other control, chemical engineering,
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, combustion dynamics,
hydraulics, cryogenics, and biomedical issues. (Thanks to an anonymous
poster on Slashdot for pointing this out.) By contrast, a fabricator design
must account for chemistry, mechanical engineering including stiffness,
control structures, and a different set of forces than we're used to at the
macro-scale (e.g. van der Waals force). Note that many problems can be
treated as mechanical engineering issues without greatly increasing the
size and complexity of the fabricator. One example is thermal noise: as
analyzed in Nanosystems, if the parts are stiff enough, it's not a problem
4. even at room temperature.
Building the Building the first fabricator may be even harder than designing it. (Building
first fabricator the second and subsequent fabricators will be relatively easy.) If the first
will also be fabricator is diamond-based, the diamond must be formed in small precise
hard. shapes without the benefit of fabricator mechanisms. If the first fabricator
is built of DNA, protein, or other "wet" chemistry products, it must either
work underwater while protecting the workpiece, or must work after being
dried. Neither of these option is very attractive. However, we are already
learning to do mechanochemistry and nanomanipulation with scanning
probe microscopes. The use of buckytubes as scanning probes is fairly new,
but is already proving useful. There are a variety of potential ways to build
structures even smaller and more precise to do the required chemistry.
Again, unless every single possibility we can think of turns out to be
unfeasible, a fabricator can be built.
We have lots of We don't yet know whether the enabling technologies we have today are
enabling far enough advanced to start a molecular fabricator project. Enabling
technologies technologies are of four basic types: fabrication, manipulation, sensing,
already. and simulation. First, we'll need to make very small parts with intricate
shapes. Semiconductor lithography is making features a few tens of
nanometers wide. Buckytube welding in an electron microscope has been
demonstrated, and also growing buckytubes along templates, including
branching templates. Dip-pen nanolithography promises to make built-up
3D structures with a variety of different chemicals and 2.5-nm feature size.
We have the ability to make molecule-sized molds and deposit a few atoms
of metal into them. We can design a few structures with self-assembling
DNA and other chemicals. There are many other techniques that we don't
have space to list here. Second, we'll need to move those parts into the
right position to assemble machines. Possible techniques include optical
tweezers, pushing with scanning probes, microfluidics, biological motors,
and constructed motors such as the "DNA Tweezers". Third, we'll probably
need to see what we're doing. Electron microscopes can resolve a few
nanometers. Proximal probes can resolve fractions of an angstrom. We may
even get help from sub-wavelength optical techniques, including near-field
optical probes, photon entanglement, and several kinds of interferometry.
Some of these may not be useful in practice, but near-field optical probes
have already been demonstrated and used. The fourth enabling technology
is simulation. Computers are getting faster, algorithms are improving, and
we can already simulate hundreds or thousands of interacting atoms.
Fabricator If a fabricator project is not feasible today, it will surely be feasible in a
design is few years. Most of the enabling technologies mentioned here, and many
probably no others as well, are being actively developed for their present-day
harder than commercial potential. As the technologies develop, they will reach a point
some projects where they can easily be re-used in a fabricator project. The mechanics of
we've already the project will become far easier in just a few years. The chemistry will
done. become easier as more powerful computers are developed for simulation,
but already it is feasible to test individual reactions in simulation. The
question is not whether a fabricator project is feasible, but when it will
become economically viable or a military necessity.
A new, large spacecraft or weapon system costs tens of billions of US$ to
develop, and molecular nanotechnology will be far more useful than any
single aerospace or weapons system. In today's dollars, total development
cost for the original Space Shuttle was probably around $10-15 billion. At
that rate, each part would have cost an average of $2,000-$6,000 to
design. How many parts will a fabricator require? Estimates of the atom
count, based in part on comparisons with bacteria, frequently come in
around 1 billion atoms. Diamond has 176 carbon atoms per cubic
nanometer, so if each part were only one cubic nanometer, a fabricator
might have 6 million parts—comparable to the Shuttle. With parts 10
5. nanometers on a side, it would have only 6,000 parts. For comparison, a
typical four-cylinder automobile engine has about 450 parts and a
bacterium may have 3,600 different molecules. As opposed to a "wet"
design like a bacterium or a cutting-edge aerospace design, most of a
fabricator's parts would not interact with each other and could be designed
separately. It appears, then, that design of a fabricator falls somewhere
between a car engine and the Space Shuttle in complexity. Construction, if
not feasible today, will be feasible soon.
A fabricator The Space Shuttle took less than ten years to design and build, from 1972
within a decade to 1981. The atomic bomb took only three years, from 1942 to 1945. Both
is plausible— of these programs involved more new science research and more
maybe even development of new technologies and techniques than an assembler
sooner. program would likely require. As analyzed above, they probably cost more
too. The main question in estimating a timeline for fabricator
development, then, is when it will be technically and politically feasible.
There are probably five or more nations, and perhaps several large
companies, that could finance a molecular fabricator effort starting in this
decade. The technical feasibility depends on the enabling technologies.
Even a single present-day technology, dip-pen nanolithography, may be
able to fabricate an entire proto-fabricator with sufficient effort. At this
point, we have not seen anything to make us believe that a five-year $10
billion fabricator project, starting today, would be infeasible, though we
don't yet know enough to estimate its chance of success. Five years from
now, we expect that a five-year project will be obviously feasible, and its
cost may be well under $5 billion.
The National Science Foundation, and others, have estimated that even
non-MM nanotechnology will be worth a trillion dollars or more by 2015. By
the time people realize that it's possible to build a nano-based
manufacturing system, it will probably be obvious that such a project
would be quite profitable (in addition to the military imperatives). This
implies that companies and/or governments will start crash programs,
comparable perhaps to the Manhattan project. Of course there are other
development scenarios, but we feel this is one of the more likely ones. We
also cannot rule out the possibility that a large, well-funded, secret
development program for molecular manufacturing has been in operation
somewhere for several years and may achieve success sooner than any
public program.
Additional See our page, Focusing on Fabricators, highlighting a commentary by
Reading: nanotechnology researcher Ralph Merkle.
DEVIL'S ADVOCATE — Submit your criticism, please!
A lot of nanotechnologists have said that a fabricator is too complicated and difficult
to be worth building.
Remember that molecular nanotechnology and current nanomaterials research are two
different fields. These people are today's nanotechnologists, and with all due respect, they
are talking outside their area of expertise. The savings in semiconductor processing alone
would make MNT worth doing at any price under $10 billion, and the same is true for
hundreds of other fields.
But the laws of physics say that...
The laws of physics, including quantum uncertainty, thermal noise, Heisenberg uncertainty,
tunneling, and resonance, do not appear to pose severe problems. Nanosystems explained
in detail how mechanical chemistry can be accomplished at room temperature with better
6. than 1 in 1015 error rates. Things are a little different at small scales, but after all, the cells
in your body use molecular machines made of floppy protein and they work just fine.
The theory may work, but it takes decades to develop stuff in real life.
That depends on how much pure research has to be done, and how much of the job is just
engineering. It also depends on the amount of money that's thrown at a problem, and the
creation of a project management structure that can use the money efficiently. Even the
Space Shuttle took less than a decade, and the atomic bomb took one-third that. Aside
from some chemistry, a molecular fabricator will not require much pure research, and a
useful nanofactory will require very little additional research since it can be designed at
the mechanical level.
In December, 2007, reader Rick Cook offered this objection:
Your timeline for fabbers isn't just wildly optimistic, it's as close to flat impossible as
anything I've seen this side of Young Earth Creationism. For starters, there is an
enormous difference between having a proof of principle device running in a lab, to
having a working prototype, to having a pilot model in limited production to having
something in full-scale production. Not to mention the time it takes for even the most
wildly popular device to be widely adopted and finally for those effects to work their
way through society.
It takes time. Each of those steps takes time and usually a number of false starts and
development cycles. And by time I mean years, especially in the early phases.
However to me the biggest problem, which overshadows all the others, is you're
proposing trying to regulate a process none of us understand at all clearly. Given the
history of similar efforts, it's almost a certainty that anything we do now to control
nanotechnology (however defined) is going to be wrong. We don't know where the
technology is going or how it's going to affect us. If we try to control it now we will
undoubtedly strain at gnats, which will ultimately be unimportant, while being
trampled into the dust by the herd of rampaging camels we didn't see coming.
Thanks, Rick, for your input. Below is part of our full response (read the rest here):
CRN doesn't talk about the possible emergence of molecular manufacturing by 2015-2020
because we think that this timeline is necessarily the most realistic forecast. Instead, we
use that timeline because the purpose of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology is not
prediction, but preparation.
Recognizing that this event could plausibly happen in the next decade -- even if the
mainstream conclusion is that it's unlikely before 2025 or 2030 -- elicits what we consider to
be an appropriate sense of urgency regarding the need to be prepared. Facing a world of
molecular manufacturing without adequate forethought is a far, far worse outcome than
developing plans and policies for a slow-to-arrive event... MORE ON THIS TOPIC