This document discusses osteoarthritis, a chronic disease characterized by deterioration of cartilage in joints. It causes stiffness, pain, and impaired movement, most commonly affecting the hands, knees, hips, and spine. Risk factors include advancing age, gender, occupations involving repetitive joint movements, sports injuries, obesity, and joint injuries. Symptoms are joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and bone spurs. Diagnosis involves x-rays, fluid analysis, and occasionally arthroscopy. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss, medications, and sometimes surgery. Nutrition should focus on omega-3 fatty acids and avoiding sugar, salt, and saturated fats. Prevention emphasizes maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle.

1. Osteoarthritis
NAME- ARUPA ABHISIKTA
ADMISSION NO- 201510015
1ST YEAR COMMUNITY SCIENCE

2. Table of contents
 Introduction
 Cause
 Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 Nutritional advice
 Preventive measure

3. Introduction
 It is a long term chronic disease
characterized by deterioration of
cartilage in joints which results in
bone rubbing together and creating
stiffness, pain and impaired
movement.
 It mostly affects the hands, knees,
hips, feet, and spine and any joint
in the body.
 Primary osteoarthritis is the
breakdown of cartilage over time.

4. Cause
 The risk factors for osteoarthritis include:
 Advancing age-
o It is rare in case of people under 40 years.
o At least 80% people over 55 years have osteoarthritis.
 Gender-
o Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis than males
 Occupation-
o Occupation that require frequent squatting, kneeling, heavy lifting, prolonged
standing, walking several miles each day such as mining, cotton processing,
construction work, carpentry leads to osteoarthritis.
 Sports-
o Wrestling, boxing, pitching in baseball, cycling, gymnastics, soccer, and football
increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis.
 Obesity
 Joint injury

5. Symptoms
 Symptoms of osteoarthritis include:
 Joint pain
 Joint stiffness
 Joint Swelling
 Crackling or grating sensation
 Change in joint shape
 Bone spurs (osteophytes)

6. Diagnosis
 Osteoarthritis can be diagnosed based on the patient’s age, history and symptoms.
 The tests and procedures to diagnose osteoarthritis include-
 X-ray of the affected joint.
 Joint fluid analysis (arthrocentesis) in which joint fluid is removed and
analysed to determine the cause of joint swelling and pain.
 Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure in which a tube with a camera is inserted
into the joint space to visualize the joints and surrounding tissues.
 Laboratory tests may be useful to rule out the other conditions if it is
suspected else.

7. Treatment
 Treatment for osteoarthritis includes lifestyle modification, medication and surgery.
 Lifestyle modifications to treat osteoarthritis include:
o Weight loss
o Physical therapy
o Exercise programme
o Assistive devices like canes, walkers, electric-powered seat lifts, raised toilet seats etc.
o Arthritis education and support
 Medications for treatment of osteoarthritis are:
o Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
o Ibuprofen
o Naproxen
o Celecoxib
o Acetaminophen
o Glucocorticoid injections
 Surgery is the last step used to treat severe osteoarthritis. Different types of surgery include:
o Realignment surgery
o Fusion surgery
o Joint replacement surgery

8. Nutritional advice
 People suffering from osteoarthritis should avoid Sugar,
Salt, Refined carbs, saturated fats and trans fat, Omega-6
fatty acids, Alcohols and MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) in
their diet.
 They must include Oily fish like salmon and tuna, Omega-3
fatty acids, Dairy products, Dark leafy greens, Broccoli,
Green tea, Garlic, Nuts in their diet.

9. Prevention measures for
Osteoarthritis
 Maintain a healthy body weight.
 Control blood sugar.
 Do active exercise everyday.
 Prevent injury to the joint.
 Pay attention to pain.