OrigoDB - take the red pill
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Slides from a 3 hour OrigoDB presentation targeted at developers and architects.
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OrigoDB - take the red pill
- 1. OrigoDB Build faster systems faster
- 2. Robert Friberg • Design, build and maintain systems for clients at Devrex • Trainer – Microsoft NET, SQL Server, java, perl, python, linux • Machine learning, AI • Squash fanatic • @robertfriberg, robert@devrexlabs.com
- 3. Why? Service Layer Domain Layer Data Access Layer Relational Model Views/SP’s Build faster systems faster
- 4. What is OrigoDB? • In-memory database toolkit • Code and data in same process • Write-ahead command logging and snapshots • Open Source single DLL for NET/Mono • Commercial server with mirror replication
- 5. How does it work? .NET Process Storage Handles queries and commands, guards model Engine 1. AppendToLog 2. Execute command PlaceOrderCommand Snapshot Snapshot Client code passes commands and queries PlaceOrderCommand NewCustomerCommand IncreaseInventoryLevelCommand PlaceOrderCommand PlaceOrderCommand time In-memory Model
- 6. Demand drives change • Performance • Data volume • Scalability • Availability • Modeling • NoSQL • Big data • Graph • Real time analytics • In-memory computing • Column stores One size (RDBMS) no longer fits all Polyglot Persistence
- 7. B-trees and Transactions LOG • Fill factor • Page splits • Clustered index • Checkpoint DATA 64KB blocks w 8x8KB pages Logical BTREE of 8kb data pages In the buffer pool (cache) Buffer Manager Transactions append inserted, deleted, original and modified pages to the LOG
- 8. When? • Whenever data fits in RAM • Alternative to general RDBMS OLAP/OLTP • Complex models and transactions • In-memory analytics • Traceability requirements (complete history of events)
- 10. Start your engines! var engine = Engine.LoadOrCreate<SalesModel>(); // lambda query var customer = engine.Execute(db => db.Customers.GetById(42)); //Command object var cmd = new PlaceOrderCommand(customer.Id, newOrder); engine.Execute(cmd); engine.Close();
- 11. http://geekstream.devrexlabs.com • 2 Core, 8GB RAM Cloud VM • IIS Web, SPA, ajax, ASP.NET MVC3 • OrigoDB Server same host, currently 4GB process memory • 3k blogs, 500k posts, 500k keywords, 33 million links • Journal 1 GB, no snapshots, growth ~ 8MB/day
- 12. • Environmental news referral since 1997 • 100 articles/day, fulltext search, summaries, categories, sources, metadata • 5000 subscribers, clients, users, billing • Email history, weekly newsletters • < 4 GB Total RAM
- 13. Modeling
- 14. Creating a data model • Domain specific vs. Generic vs. Hybrid • Rich vs. Anemic • Explicit vs. Implicit commands • References vs. Foreign keys
- 15. Computational model types • Interpreter hosting – Javascript, Roslyn • Lucene index • Machine learning models (Accord.NET)
- 16. Object oriented domain modeling • DDD? • Entities and collections • Choose collections wisely – space/time tradeoffs • Transaction script pattern or thin commands • Avoid CRUD
- 17. Silly Relational [Serializable] public class RelationalModel : Model { private DataSet _dataset; public RelationalModel() { _dataset = new DataSet(); } //... ExecuteQuery and ExecuteCommand omitted }
- 18. Generic Relational [Serializable] public class RelationalModel : Model { Dictionary<string,SortedDictionary<object>> _tables; }
- 19. Domain specific relational [Serializable] public class Model : Model { SortedDictionary<int,Customer> _customers; SortedDictionary<int,Order> _orders; SortedDictionary<int,Product> _products; SortedDictionary<string,Customer> _customersByName; } [Serializable] public class Order { public int CustomerId; //foreign key vs. reference }
- 20. JS interpreter hosting (V8) [Serializable] public class JurassicModel : Model { private ScriptEngine _scriptEngine; public JurassicModel() { _scriptEngine = new ScriptEngine(); _scriptEngine.Execute("var model = {}"); } //... ExecuteQuery and ExecuteCommand omitted }
- 21. Commands • Serial execution • Exclusive access to the model • Transition the model from one valid state to the next s0 t s1 s2 1 t2
- 22. Command guidelines • No side effects or external actions • No external dependencies • Unhandled exceptions trigger rollback (full restore) • Call Command.Abort() to signal exception
- 23. The model is an object graph TaskList Task Task Task TaskList Task Task Task Task Category Category Category Category TaskModel
- 24. Query alternatives • Ad-hoc lambda: Engine.Execute(Func<M,R> query) • Derive from Query<M,R> • Compiled LINQ: Engine.Execute<R>(string, args)
- 25. Query guidelines • Know thy object graphs • Don’t modify the model
- 26. Demo: HockeySkolan • ASP.NET MVC 3 with backing OrigoDB • Domain specific model + CmsModel • Anemic model => fat commands, model is data
- 27. OrigoDB Workshop Module 3 - Testing
- 28. Automated Test alternatives • Transparent testing of domain behavior: entities, model • Test commands, queries, entities on model without engine • Test with in-memory storage • Full stack testing – slow, requires cleanup
- 29. In-memory storage • Non persistent command journal and snapshots • Mimics FileStore using MemoryStreams • Tests serialization/identity issues var config = EngineConfiguration.Create().ForIsolatedTest(); OR: config.SetCommandStoreFactory(cfg => new InMemoryCommandStore(cfg)); config.SetSnapshotStoreFactory(cfg => new InMemorySnapshotStore(cfg));
- 30. Demo: RedisModel • Testing model behavior with NUnit
- 31. OrigoDB Workshop Module 4 – Hosting
- 32. Direct in-process engine creation • Static Engine methods • Create() • LoadOrCreate() • Load() • Returns: Engine, Engine<M> Engine<MyModel> engine = Engine.LoadOrCreate<MyModel>();
- 33. Engine.For<M>() • Returns IEngine<M>() or derivative • Reuse based on EngineConfiguration.Location property • Remote or in-process • ILocalEngineClient<M> • IRemoteEngineClient<M> • Running engines are tracked by Config.Engines
- 34. Db.For<M>() • Returns a proxy for M • Remote or Local analogous to Engine.For<M>
- 35. x64 vs. x32 • Core Library compiled with AnyCPU • x32 = 32-bit pointers, max 4GB • x64 = 64-bit pointers • Server ships with x64 and x32 binaries
- 36. IIS Hosting • Disable application pool recycling • Ensure single process, no farming or LB • Litter controllers with Db.For<M>() / Engine.For<M>() • Or put a static ref somewhere, eg Global.asax
- 37. Proxy • Proxy has same interface as the Model • Method calls are intercepted • void methods interpreted as commands (and logged) • other methods interpreted as queries • Can be overriden with attributes • Local or remote, cluster
- 38. Demo: Let’s build a key/value store • New project • Reference origodb.core • Define KeyValueStoreModel • void Put(key, value) • object Get(key,value) • bool Exists(key, value) • bool Remove(key,value) • Add some unit tests
- 39. OrigoDB Workshop Module 5 – Configuration
- 40. EngineConfiguration class – key properties • AsyncJournaling • EnsureSafeResults • Kernel • Location • PacketOptions • PersistenceMode • SnapshotBehavior
- 41. EngineConfiguration.Location property • File location for FileStorage • Connection string when SqlStorage • Defaults (when null) • Will look in app.config for connection string • Type name of model • Current working directory • App_Data in web context • Magic • mode=remote;host=10.0.0.20;port=3001
- 42. Persistence modes • Journaling (default) • SnapshotPerTransaction • ManualSnapshots var config = EngineConfiguration.Create(); config.PersistenceMode = PersistenceMode.SnapshotPerTransaction; var db = Engine.For<MyModel>(config);
- 43. Kernels • OptimisticKernel (default) • RoyalFoodTaster var config = EngineConfiguration.Create(); config.Kernel = Kernels.RoyalFoodTaster; var db = Db.For<MyModel>(config);
- 44. Logging • Logging disabled by default //enable logging ConsoleLogger.MinimumLevel = LogLevel.Trace; //Plugin custom logger LogProvider.SetFactory(new Log4NetLoggerFactory());
- 45. Extensibility • EngineConfiguration methods • SetAuthorizerFactory() • SetSynchronizerFactory() • SetCommandStoreFactory() • SetFormatterFactory()
- 46. ProtobufFormatter • Protocol Buffers by Google • IFormatter wrapper around protobuf-net by @marcgravell • Contract based as opposed to embedded metadata • Compact, fast, loose coupling, cross platform • Configure with attributes or code • Use it!
- 47. Protobuf: Attribute based configuration [ProtoContract] public class Company { [ProtoMember(1)] public string Name { get; set; } [ProtoMember(2)] public List<Employee> Employees { get; set; } }
- 48. Protobuf: Code-based configuration var typeModel = TypeModel.Create(); typeModel.Add(typeof (Company), false) .Add(1, ”Name") .Add(2, ”Employees");
- 49. Inject formatter factory //use helper methods ProtoBufFormatter.ConfigureSnapshots<MyModel>(config, typeModel); ProtoBufFormatter.Configure(config, FormatterUsage.Results, typeModel); //or do it yourself config.SetFormatterFactory((cfg,fu) => new ProtoBufFormatter<MyModel>(typeModel), FormatterUsage.Snapshot);
- 50. OrigoDB Workshop Module 6 – Immutability
- 51. Immutability and blocking writer reader
- 52. States share immutable objects s0 s2 s s3 1 (Animated slide)
- 56. Configuration
- 57. OrigoDB Workshop Module 6 – Server
- 58. OrigoDB Server • Console Application or Windows Service • Process hosting single Engine / Model • Ad-hoc Linq / Razor queries • Javascript API • Primitive web based UI • Commercial License • Multiserver replication
- 59. Transparent client migration • Configuration strings: • mode=embedded • mode=remote;host=10.10.10.10;port=3001
- 60. Lab M6 • Follow the OrigoDB Server online tutorial http://origodb.com/
- 61. Thank you for listening! • http://origodb.com • http://dev.origodb.com • http://github.com/devrexlabs • http://geekstream.devrexlabs.com • @robertfriberg, @devrexlabs
Editor's Notes
- What is it? How does it work? Who built it and why? When does it shine? When does it suck?
- What if we just keep all the data in RAM? Moving back and forth and mapping is silly. Code and data in same process. Productivity Simplicity Consistency Testability Strongly typed, compile time checked Operations
- Capturing the essence.. In-memory In-memory object graph, user defined. Probably collections, entities and references. Your choice. Is it a database? Is it an object database? Linq queries. Toolkit Flexible, configurable, kernels, storage, data model, persistence modes, formatting Bring your own model. – this is key. Usually a product based on a specific data model. VoltDB, Raven Naming. LiveDomain -> LiveDB -> OrigoDB Code and data in same process Don’t do CRUD. It’s silly. ORMS are based on crud. One of the first thing you learn is don’t do SELECT *. EF Command logging The in-memory data is a projection of the commands, compare ES with a single aggregate. Same benefits as ES. Requires NET 4.0
- What is OrigoDB? OrigoDB is an in-memory database toolkit. The core component is the Engine. The engine is 100% ACID, runs in-process and hosts a user defined data model. The data model can be domain specific or generic and is defined using plain old NET types. Persistence is based on snapshots and write-ahead command logging to the underlying storage. The Model is an instance of the user defined data model lives in RAM only is the data is a projection of the entire sequence of commands applied to the initial model, usually empty. can only be accessed through the engine The Client has no direct reference to the model interacts directly with the Engine either in-process or remote or indirectly via a proxy with the same interface as the model passes query and command objects to the engine The Engine The Engine encapsulates an instance of the model and is responsible for atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability. It performs the following tasks: writes commands to the journal executes commands and queries reads and writes snapshots restores the model on startup We call it a toolkit because you have a lot of options Modelling - define your own model or use an existing one. Generic or domain specific. It’s up to you. Storage - Default is FileStore. SqlStore or write your own module. Data format - Choose wire and storage format by plugging in different IFormatter implementations. Binary, JSON, ProtoBuf, etc Read more in the docs on Extensibility Design goals Our initial design goals were focused on rapid development, testability, simplicity, correctness, modularity, flexibility and extensibility. Performance was never a goal but running in-memory with memory optimized data structures outperforms any disk oriented system. But of course a lot of optimization is possible.
- Performance –> in-memory, specialization Data volume -> sharding, partitioning Availability -> redundancy Mångfald, det händer saker.
- Fi B-TREE, 8kb block, buffer pool, animering av en transaktion. Column stores Varje tabell är en B-TREE (om den inte är en HEAP), varje index är en b-tree Effect logging – log the effect of the transaction = modified pages, new pages Support rollback by including deleted pages and original version of modified page.
- Simplicity and all that comes with it. 40% less code. Reason enough. Low latency queries, heavy load querying With event sourcing, polyglot persistence. Build a read model from an event stream Complex domain models: Because a trivial model is trivial to ORM, RDBMS. Difficult to model relationally
- An in-memory instance of the Model is the data. Commands are like Stored Procedures Queries are like Views Ad-hoc LINQ
- A quick example
- Show the web site, search, show about, mention github, show some code
- approx 500’ articles
- Not necessarily data
- Sole purpose is to update the state of the model, from one state to another. Avoid embedding entities and graphs, regard commands as simple messages.
- Lambdas won’t serialize – local process only
- Results get cloned unless otherwise specified.
- Show the model, the entities, the commands. Queries/lambdas in controllers. Show hosting in global.asax
- Describe the In-memory store and config for isolated test Depends on where the logic is, commands or model or both Test with storage exercises serialization, use to ensure serialization and isolation Full stack as smoke tests and to verify configuration or framework related behavior
- Considerations when hosting the in-process engine and model. Lifecycle
- Snapshots, direct interaction, Dispose, plenty of overloads taking config, config-string, initial model
- Abstraction for convenience
- Thread safe execute overloads
- Or – demonstrate geeksream
- Considerations when hosting the in-process engine and model. Lifecycle
- Explain each briefly
- Pretty messy, leaky abstractions, needs redesign. Any takers?
- Authorizer uses IPrincical and Roles of current thread identity. Synchronizer unimportant, ReaderWriterLockSlim default SqlStorage, EventStoreStore, Azure TableStorage for snapshots BinaryFormatter, JsonFormatter, ProtobufFormatter
- Compare with BinaryFormatter, Reflection Use it: In production, let the design stabilize first
- Considerations when hosting the in-process engine and model. Lifecycle
- Write transactions are serialized without blocking readers. Reader gets the most recent state.
- This is an animated slide
- _tasks.ToArray() creates a new array, thus no way to modify the _tasks array. AddTask() returns a new TodoModel instance, thus it is immutable Strings are immutable. The strings are shared among consecutive instances of TodoModel
- Could have had an IsCompleted() method and assert !IsCompleted() in the Complete method. But the point is that instances of Task are immutable.
- Notice base class and out parameter on execute
- Considerations when hosting the in-process engine and model. Lifecycle