The document provides an introduction to organizational development (OD), emphasizing its purpose as a planned process to improve an organization's culture and effectiveness through behavioral science. It outlines definitions, historical context, and the evolution of OD, highlighting the impact of globalization and technology on organizational practices. Additionally, it discusses the significance of collaborative efforts in problem-solving and the importance of adapting strategies for contemporary organizational challenges.

1. ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT &
CHANGE
Thomas G. Cummings
University of Southern California
Christopher G. Worley
University of Southern California Pepperdine University
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization
Development
1
Sept-22

2. CHAPTER ONE
General Introduction to
Organization Development
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization
Development
2
Sept-22
Pham Thi Thanh Hung
Master of HRM

3. Group discussion (10’)
3
What have you
already known
about
Organizational
Development?
What would you
like to study about
OD?
Expectation
Why
organization
should apply
OD?
How does an
organization
apply OD?

4. 4

5. OD Strategy
5

6. OD Process
6

7. Learning Objectives
• Define and describe the practice and study of organization
development (OD)
• Describe the history and relevance of OD
• Distinguish OD and planned change from other forms of
organization change.
Sept-22
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization
Development
7

8. Agenda
1.1 Definitions of Organizational Development
1.2 The growth and relevance of organizational development
1.3 A short history of organizational development
1.4 Evolution in Organization Development
Sept-22
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization
Development
8

9. • Organization development is a planned process of change in an organization’s
culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology, research, and
theory. (Warner Burke)
• Organization development refers to a long-range effort to improve an organization’s
problem-solving capabilities and its ability to cope with changes in its external
environment with the help of external or internal behavioral-scientist consultants,
or change agents, as they are sometimes called. (Wendell French)
• Organization development is an effort (1) planned, (2) organization-wide, and (3)
managed from the top, to (4) increase organization effectiveness and health
through (5) planned interventions in the organization’s “processes,” using
behavioral science knowledge. (Richard Beckhard)
9
Definitions of OD
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development Mar-20

10. • Organization development is a system-wide process of data collection, diagnosis,
action planning, intervention, and evaluation aimed at (1) enhancing congruence
among organizational structure, process, strategy, people, and culture; (2) developing
new and creative organizational solutions; and (3) developing the organization’s self-
renewing capacity. It occurs through the collaboration of organizational members
working with a change agent using behavioral science theory, research, and
technology. (Michael Beer)
• Based on (1) a set of values, largely humanistic; (2) application of the behavioral
sciences; and (3) open-systems theory, organization development is a systemwide
process of planned change aimed toward improving overall organization effectiveness
by way of enhanced congruence of such key organization dimensions as external
environment, mission, strategy, leadership, culture, structure, information and reward
systems, and work policies and procedures. (Warner Burke and David Bradford)
10
Definitions of OD
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development Mar-20

11. a system-wide application and transfer of behavioral
science knowledge to the planned development
improvement, and reinforcement of the strategies,
structures, and processes that lead to organization
effectiveness.
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 11
Organization development is …
Sept-22

12. Organizational Development
12

13. The Growth and Relevance of
Organization
• Globalization is changing the markets and environments in
which organizations operate as well as the way they
function.
• Information technology is redefining the traditional business
model by changing how work is performed, how knowledge
is used, and how the cost of doing business is calculated.
• Managerial innovation has responded to the globalization
and information technology trends and has accelerated their
impact on organizations.
Sept-22 707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 14

14. A Short History Of OD
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 15
Sept-22

15. • This stem of OD pioneered laboratory training, or the T-
group—a small, unstructured group in which participants
learn from their own interactions and evolving group
processes about such issues as interpersonal relations,
personal growth, leadership, and group dynamics.
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 16
Laboratory Training Background
Sept-22

16. • A collaborative effort was initiated between organization
members and social scientists to collect research data about an
organization’s functioning, to analyze it for causes of problems,
and to devise and implement solutions. After implementation,
further data were collected to assess the results, and the cycle
of data collection and action often continued. The results of
action research were twofold: Members of organizations were
able to use research on themselves to guide action and change,
and social scientists were able to study that process to derive
new knowledge that could be used elsewhere.
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 17
Action Research and Survey Feedback
Background
Sept-22

17. • Exploitive authoritative systems (System 1)
• Benevolent authoritative systems (System 2)
• Consultative systems (System 3)
• Participative group systems (System 4)
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 18
Normative Background
Sept-22

18. • QWL was first defined in terms of people’s reaction to work,
particularly individual outcomes related to job satisfaction and
mental health. Using this definition, QWL focused primarily on
the personal consequences of the work experience and how to
improve work to satisfy personal needs.
• A second definition of QWL defined it as an approach or
method. People defined QWL in terms of specific techniques
and approaches used for improving work.
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 19
Productivity and quality – of –
work – life (QWL) background
Sept-22

19. • The strategic change background is a recent influence on
OD’s evolution. As organizations and their technological,
political, and social environments have become more
complex and more uncertain, the scale and intricacies of
organizational change have increased. This trend has
produced the need for a strategic perspective from OD and
encouraged planned change processes at the organization
level
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 20
Strategic Change Background
Sept-22

20. • Current practice in organization development is strongly influenced by these five
backgrounds as well as by the trends shaping change in organizations. The laboratory
training, action research and survey feedback, normative, and QWL roots of OD are
evident in the strong humanistic focus that underlies its practice.
• The more recent influence of the strategic change background has greatly improved the
relevance and rigor of OD practice. They have added financial and economic indicators
of effectiveness to OD’s traditional measures of work satisfaction and personal growth.
All of the backgrounds support the transfer of knowledge and skill to the organization so
it can better manage change in the future.
• Today, the field increasingly is being influenced by the globalization and information
technology trends described earlier. OD is being carried out in many more countries and
in many more organizations operating on a worldwide basis.
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development 21
The evolution in Organization
Development
Sept-22

21. Overview of the books
Sept-22
707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization
Development
22

22. Overview of the books
Sept-22 707022 - Chapter 1: General Introduction to Organization Development
23