The document presents an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) principles relevant for technical interview preparation, covering the four main principles: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It highlights the differences between OOP and procedural programming, emphasizing the modular and scalable nature of OOP, with examples in Python. The document also outlines practical applications of OOP in various fields such as game development and data science.

1. Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP) Principles
Technical Interview Preparation
Presented by: [Your Name]

2. Introduction to OOP
• - OOP is based on 'objects'.
• - Helps design modular, reusable software.
• - Languages: Python, Java, C++.

3. Four Main OOP Principles
• 1. Encapsulation - Wrapping data and functions into a class.
• 2. Abstraction - Hiding complex details.
• 3. Inheritance - Deriving properties from
another class.
• 4. Polymorphism - One interface, multiple
implementations.

4. Encapsulation (Data Hiding)
• - Bundles data and methods in one class.
• - Prevents direct data modification.
class Car:
def __init__(self, model):
self.__model = model
def get_model(self):
return self.__model

5. Abstraction (Hiding Complexity)
• - Shows essential details, hides complexity.
• - Simplifies development.
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Animal(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def make_sound(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def make_sound(self):
return 'Woof!'

6. Inheritance (Code Reusability)
• - One class inherits attributes/methods from another.
• - Reduces code duplication.
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return 'Woof!'

7. Polymorphism (Multiple Forms)
• - Same function name, different behaviors.
class Animal:
def speak(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return 'Woof!'
class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
return 'Meow!'

8. OOP vs. Procedural Programming
• - Procedural: Functions and procedures.
• - OOP: Objects and classes.
• - OOP is modular and scalable.

9. Practical Use of OOP
• - Applications:
• * Game Development
• * Web Applications
• * AI & Data Science
• * Enterprise Software

10. Conclusion & Questions
• - OOP structures programming.
• - Encourages reusable, maintainable code.
• - Any questions?