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1. PGCN 8th Semester 1

2. FACULTY: MADAM REHMANIA
DISCIPLINE: GENERIC BSN
YEAR 4TH SEMESTER 8TH
Presenters : M.Faizan khan
Nayab Ibrahim
Sabahat
PGCN 8th Semester 2

3. Occupational Health
Nursing
PGCN 8th Semester 3

4. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit the learner will be able to:
 To maintain and promote the physical, mental and social
well being of the workers.
 To prevent occupational diseases and injuries.
 To adapt the work place and work environment to the
needs of the workers .
 Components of occupational health services
PGCN 8th Semester 4

5. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CARE
Occupational health care is preventive health care,
which is provided on the basis of the Occupational
Health Care Act.
The objective of occupational health care is :
•A healthy and safe working environment
• A well-functioning working communities
•Prevention of work-related diseases
•The maintenance of employees’ working ability and
functional capacity
•Promotion of their health.
PGCN 8th Semester 5

6. ADVANTAGES
 Investigates and assesses load factors and hazards and
gives expert assistance for eliminating them
 Gives information and advice
 Estimates employees’ working ability and monitors their
health condition
 By its knowledge and skills supports action for
maintaining working ability in the development of
individuals, working environment and working
community, in this way also affecting productivity .
PGCN 8th Semester 6

7.  Prevents occupational diseases and other work-
related illnesses
 Prevents premature incapacity for work, reduces
pension costs
 Reduces absenteeism due to sickness
CONT...
PGCN 8th Semester 7

8. FUNCTIONS
1. Pre-employment medical examination.
2. First Aid and emergency service.
3. Supervision of the work environment for the
control of dangerous substances in the work
environment.
4. Special periodic medical examination
particularly for the workers in dangerous
operations.
5. Health education for disseminating
information on specific hazards and risks in
the work environment.
PGCN 8th Semester 8

9. 6. Special examination and surveillance of health of
women and children
7. Advising the employer or management for
improving working conditions, and placement of
hazards.
8. Monitoring of working environment for assessment
and control of hazards.
9. Supervision over sanitation, hygiene and canteen
facilities.
CONT...
PGCN 8th Semester 9

10. CONT...
10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety
committees
11. Maintenance of medical records for medical
check-up and follow-up for maintaining health
standards and also for evaluation.
12. To carry out other parallel activities such as
nutrition programme, family planning, social
services recreation etc., Concerning the health
and welfare of the workers.
PGCN 8th Semester 10

11. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
Source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of
injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the
workplace environment, or a combination of these.
TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS
A. Physical
B. Chemical
C. Biological
D. Mechanical
E. Psychosocial
PGCN 8th Semester 11

12. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Temperature –heat/ cold
• Illumination
• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation
• Atmospheric pressure
PGCN 8th Semester 12

13. DISEASES DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTS
 Heat- heat hyperpyrexia (106.7f or 41.5c) heat
exhaustion heat syncope , heat stroke, heat cramps,
burns, prickly heat.
 Cold - Frost bite,
 Light – Occupational Cataract
 Noise - Occupational deafness,
 Radiation -Cancer,Leukemia, aplastic anemia
Pancytopenia
 Electricity - Burns, Shocks,
PGCN 8th Semester 13

14. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
 Routes of entry - Inhalation, Ingestion, skin
absorption. (inhalation is the main route of entry)
Chemical agents can be classified into-
1) Metals - Lead, Hg, Co etc.
2) Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Benzene, phenol etc.
3) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons - Methyl alcohol
4) Gases - *Simple asphyxiants : N2, CH4, CO2
* Chemical asphyxiants : CO, H2S, HCN
* Irritant gases : Ammonia, SO2, Cl2,
PGCN 8th Semester 14

15. DUSTS (Pneumoconiosis)
Inorganic Dust
Coal Dust -Anthracosis
Silica -Silicosis
Asbestos -Asbestosis
Organic Dusts
Cane Fiber -Bagassosis (Bronchi
gets affected)
Cotton dust -Byssinosis (In Textile
industries)
Tobacco -Tobaccosis,Lung Cancer
Grain Dust -Farmer’s Lungs
PGCN 8th Semester 15

16. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
 Bacteria-Tetanus,Tuberculosis, Anthrax,
Brucellosis (Milkmen),Gonorrhea(Sex-workers-
Genital organs get affected)
 Virus - Hepatitis, AIDS
 Protozoal&Parasitic-Malaria,Hookworms,
tapeworms (Agri-workers), etc.
 Fungi-(Agri-workers)-Tinea-infections
PGCN 8th Semester 16

17. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Injuries,Falls,cuts,abrasions,concussions,contusions,etc.
Ergonomic Disorder,
Musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),Cumulative-trauma
Disorders (CTDs) etc.
Ergonomics: Adjustment of Man & Machine
Application of human biological sciences with engineering
science to achieve optimum mutual adjustment of man &
his work, the benefit being measured in terms of human
efficiency and well being Tool / machine design to fit to
work. Ergo tools/ ergofriendly tools : Tools which
reduce the stresses or problems resulting in CTD’s /
MSD’s.) PGCN 8th Semester 17

18. • Identify
• Evaluate
• Control
– Eliminate
– Substitute
– Enclose/separate
– PPE/vaccinate
Principles of Control of Workplace Hazards
PGCN 8th Semester 18

19. Manual Handling - Back Injuries
All forces which come down the
spine compresses discs and as a
result of Continuous squeezing
they can rupture and bulge causing
severe pain.
Most back injuries are built over
along period of time by repetitive
pounding on discs caused by
improper methods. After sometime
some minor lift can produce such
rupture Straight back rule,Thinking
before lifting’ PGCN 8th Semester 19

20. Manual Handling - Back Injuries
 Control any risk by reducing necessity
for manual handling by using alternative
means of handling
 Consider the load; size, awkward shape,
etc
 Consider need for mechanical or manual
assistance
 Position legs apart - one foot level with
the load
 Keep back straight, look up
PGCN 8th Semester 20

21. Manual Handling - Back Injuries
 Bend from the hips, avoid ‘twisting’ the
body,tighten the stomach muscles, but
don’t hold breath
 Bend thew kinees
 Keep the load close to the body
 Lift with the legs, not the back
 Keep carrying distance short
 Avoid changing grip or ‘jerking’ the
load,Deposit the load by bending the
knees and keeping the back straight
PGCN 8th Semester 21

22. PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
 Lack of job satisfaction, insecurity, poor
interpersonal relations, work pressure, ambiguity, etc.
 Psychological & behavioral changes – hostility,
aggressiveness, anxiety, depression, alcoholism, drug
addiction, sickness absenteeism.
 Psychosomatic disorders- Hypertension, headache,
body-ache, peptic ulcers, asthma, diabetes, heart
disorders, etc.
PGCN 8th Semester 22

23. TYPE OF CONTROL MEASURES
o Medical (required to monitor effectiveness of
Engg. Controls)
o Engineering (Best Engg. Control is to reduce
exposure)
o Administrative / Legal. (Emphasis given to
reduce the exposure
PGCN 8th Semester 23

24. ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• Designing-building, Work station.
• Good Housekeeping.
• Ventilation
• Mechanization
• Substitution.
• Enclosure
• Local Exhaust Ventilation.
• Personal Protective Devices.
• Work Environment Monitoring
PGCN 8th Semester 24

25. THE FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVENESS
OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
SERVICES:
1. The nature of industry; small, medium or large and
its location.
2. Existing infrastructure of health services.
3. Workers involvement and employers commitment.
4. Surveillance of the working environment by means
of epidemiological studies and testing.
PGCN 8th Semester 25

26. Components of occupational health
services
• Medical treatment, First aid treatment in emergency.
• Health education, First aid education.
• Medical examination
• Pre employment examination
PGCN 8th Semester 26

27.  Health counseling
 Stress management
 Mental health
 And Physical health
 Rehabilitation programme
 Medical rehabilitation
 Social rehabilitation
 Educational rehabilitation
CONT...
PGCN 8th Semester 27

28.  Assessment of dusts pollution
 Assessment of noise pollution
 Assessment of vibration
 Assessment heat radiation
 Assessment of radiation
CONT...
PGCN 8th Semester 28

29. Supervision of the working environment
•Hazard identification
•Monitoring
•Evaluation
•Engineering project review
•Control measures
•Development of personal protective devices
CONT...
PGCN 8th Semester 29

30.  Family welfare program
 To take care of employee and dependents
 Disaster management
 Health records maintenance
CONT...
PGCN 8th Semester 30

31. ANY QUESTION???
PGCN 8th Semester 31

32. Thank You!
PGCN 8th Semester 32

33. PGCN 8th Semester 33