This document summarizes the basic steps for small-scale oilseed processing, including seed cleaning, extraction, clarification, packaging, and storage. It notes that oilseed processing can add value to crops and produce oils for food, fuel, and industrial uses. The introduction discusses getting started in oilseed processing by considering market goals and scale of operations. The main body then outlines key processing steps like seed cleaning, drying, and testing moisture content to ensure high oil yields.
This document describes the design and development of an improved palm kernel shelling and sorting machine. Key aspects of the design include:
1) The cracking unit uses a cylindrical chamber with rectangular impeller blades that crack palm kernels through high-speed impact against the chamber walls.
2) The sorting unit consists of a vibrating mesh tray that separates cracked palm kernels from shell fragments based on differences in size and velocity.
3) Performance testing found the machine achieved a 90% shelling-sorting efficiency, 59kg/h throughput, and 70% recovery of whole palm kernels with low production costs.
The document discusses Gokul Refoils & Solvent Ltd. (GRSL), an Indian edible oil company. It provides details about GRSL's history, leadership, production facilities, products, markets, and opportunities in the Indian edible oil industry. GRSL was founded in 1993 in Sidhpur, Gujarat and is a leading producer and exporter of refined vegetable oils in India. It has production units in Sidhpur, Gandhidham, and Surat and trades domestically and internationally.
Screw-Pressing of Jatropha Seeds for Fuelling Purposes in Less Developed Coun...QZ1
This document summarizes a thesis that studied screw-pressing Jatropha seeds to optimize oil recovery for fuel production in less developed countries. The study evaluated how process parameters like moisture content, restriction size, rotational speed, and seed pre-treatment affect oil recovery, energy input, and cost. Tests were conducted on two screw presses in the Netherlands and Tanzania. The highest oil recoveries of 89% and 91% resulted from seeds cooked at 70°C for an hour before pressing. In general, higher moisture content, smaller restriction size, lower speed, and pre-heating improved recovery. Based on the results, optimal recovery is expected at 2-4% moisture after cooking, 100% hull content, and the lowest possible
Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers Gardening
This document provides an overview of the basic steps involved in small-scale oilseed processing, including seed cleaning, extraction, clarification, packaging and storage. It describes different extraction methods like cold pressing and solvent extraction. Key processing steps are outlined, such as conditioning seeds, extracting oil via expeller presses, clarifying the oil, and refining/packaging. Sources for equipment and more information are included at the end.
Manufacturing of groundnut oil production and refiningAjjay Kumar Gupta
Manufacturing of Groundnut Oil Production and Refining. Most Profitable Food Processing Industry.
Groundnut oil may be a vegetable oil derived from groundnuts. It’s conjointly known as groundnut oil. The oil includes a strong peanut flavor and aroma. It’s usually utilized in American, Chinese, South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine, each for general preparation, and within the case of roasted oil, for added flavor.
Groundnut oil, also known as groundnut oil, may be a delicate tasting vegetable oil expressed from groundnut kernels. Groundnut oil is wide utilized in preparation, as well as cooking, basting, and therefore the manufacture of margarines and shortenings. Groundnut oil process method, based on mechanical pressing technology, is mostly grouped into three stages: groundnut seeds preparation, groundnut pressing and rude groundnut oil processing.
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Rice Bran Oil Market - Strong Growth and Demand in Food & Cosmetics IndustryIMARC Group
Rice bran oil is gaining popularity not only in food and nutritional supplements, but also as a specialty ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products. This report provides detailed information of the global rice bran oil market and covers the major key requirements to setup a rice barn oil processing plant. Link to report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/rice-bran-oil-processing-plant
This document provides an introduction to making biodiesel at home. It lists the materials needed, including vegetable oil, methanol, and a catalyst like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The document describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel and glycerin. It notes some hazards of the process and chemicals involved. Procedures for making small test batches and larger 5-gallon batches of biodiesel are outlined. Extensive safety guidance and additional resources are also provided.
This document provides an overview of the oilseed processing industry in India. It discusses that India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world. It also outlines the major oilseed crops grown in India like soybean, groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, and sunflower. The document then summarizes the various steps involved in oilseed processing like conditioning, drying, cracking, rolling, extraction and refining. It also discusses the economic importance of oilseeds and highlights strengths like diverse agro-climatic conditions and weaknesses like production facing high rainfall variation in the Indian oilseed processing industry.
This document describes the design and development of an improved palm kernel shelling and sorting machine. Key aspects of the design include:
1) The cracking unit uses a cylindrical chamber with rectangular impeller blades that crack palm kernels through high-speed impact against the chamber walls.
2) The sorting unit consists of a vibrating mesh tray that separates cracked palm kernels from shell fragments based on differences in size and velocity.
3) Performance testing found the machine achieved a 90% shelling-sorting efficiency, 59kg/h throughput, and 70% recovery of whole palm kernels with low production costs.
The document discusses Gokul Refoils & Solvent Ltd. (GRSL), an Indian edible oil company. It provides details about GRSL's history, leadership, production facilities, products, markets, and opportunities in the Indian edible oil industry. GRSL was founded in 1993 in Sidhpur, Gujarat and is a leading producer and exporter of refined vegetable oils in India. It has production units in Sidhpur, Gandhidham, and Surat and trades domestically and internationally.
Screw-Pressing of Jatropha Seeds for Fuelling Purposes in Less Developed Coun...QZ1
This document summarizes a thesis that studied screw-pressing Jatropha seeds to optimize oil recovery for fuel production in less developed countries. The study evaluated how process parameters like moisture content, restriction size, rotational speed, and seed pre-treatment affect oil recovery, energy input, and cost. Tests were conducted on two screw presses in the Netherlands and Tanzania. The highest oil recoveries of 89% and 91% resulted from seeds cooked at 70°C for an hour before pressing. In general, higher moisture content, smaller restriction size, lower speed, and pre-heating improved recovery. Based on the results, optimal recovery is expected at 2-4% moisture after cooking, 100% hull content, and the lowest possible
Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers Gardening
This document provides an overview of the basic steps involved in small-scale oilseed processing, including seed cleaning, extraction, clarification, packaging and storage. It describes different extraction methods like cold pressing and solvent extraction. Key processing steps are outlined, such as conditioning seeds, extracting oil via expeller presses, clarifying the oil, and refining/packaging. Sources for equipment and more information are included at the end.
Manufacturing of groundnut oil production and refiningAjjay Kumar Gupta
Manufacturing of Groundnut Oil Production and Refining. Most Profitable Food Processing Industry.
Groundnut oil may be a vegetable oil derived from groundnuts. It’s conjointly known as groundnut oil. The oil includes a strong peanut flavor and aroma. It’s usually utilized in American, Chinese, South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine, each for general preparation, and within the case of roasted oil, for added flavor.
Groundnut oil, also known as groundnut oil, may be a delicate tasting vegetable oil expressed from groundnut kernels. Groundnut oil is wide utilized in preparation, as well as cooking, basting, and therefore the manufacture of margarines and shortenings. Groundnut oil process method, based on mechanical pressing technology, is mostly grouped into three stages: groundnut seeds preparation, groundnut pressing and rude groundnut oil processing.
For More Details, Click Here: https://bit.ly/33qOc2i
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Rice Bran Oil Market - Strong Growth and Demand in Food & Cosmetics IndustryIMARC Group
Rice bran oil is gaining popularity not only in food and nutritional supplements, but also as a specialty ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products. This report provides detailed information of the global rice bran oil market and covers the major key requirements to setup a rice barn oil processing plant. Link to report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/rice-bran-oil-processing-plant
This document provides an introduction to making biodiesel at home. It lists the materials needed, including vegetable oil, methanol, and a catalyst like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The document describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel and glycerin. It notes some hazards of the process and chemicals involved. Procedures for making small test batches and larger 5-gallon batches of biodiesel are outlined. Extensive safety guidance and additional resources are also provided.
This document provides an overview of the oilseed processing industry in India. It discusses that India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world. It also outlines the major oilseed crops grown in India like soybean, groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, and sunflower. The document then summarizes the various steps involved in oilseed processing like conditioning, drying, cracking, rolling, extraction and refining. It also discusses the economic importance of oilseeds and highlights strengths like diverse agro-climatic conditions and weaknesses like production facing high rainfall variation in the Indian oilseed processing industry.
FOOD SAFETY ASPECTS IN EDIBLE OIL PROCESSINGjaisingh277
Edible oil seeds - coconut, mustard, niger, sunflower, safflower, soybean and groundnut processing, pretreatments, heat treatments and oil expelling has been discussed with emphasis on food safety.
An overview of groundnut oil processing plantyanooka
For the ones who plan to start groundnut oil processing business, here are what you should know about Purchasing Raw Materials, Shelling, Crushing, Heating, Pressing, Filtration, Storage of Oil, Sale of Oil, Maintenance of the Oil Press.
How to Start Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Unit. Essential Oils Extraction BusinessAjjay Kumar Gupta
Polianthes tuberosa, is commonly known as Rajanigandha in India due to its night blooming fragrant flowers. It is small bulbous herb reaching upto height of 2-3 feets. It bears aromatic flowers and generally grown for oranmental purpose. The waxy, white and fragrant flowers on long spikes are mostly used as cut flowers for making garlands and extracting essential oil. There are also few medicinal uses of Polianthes tuberosa. Flowers are used in perfume industry and also diuretic and emetic activity. Bulbs are used as antigonorrhoea, diuretic, emetic and for curing rashes in infant.
Tuberose oil is extracted from Polianthes tuberosa of the Agavaceae family and is also known as tuberosa and tubereuse.
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How to Make Essential Oils, Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil, How to Extract Essential Oils from Polianthes Tuberosa, Essential Oil Extraction, How Essential Oils are Extracted, Extraction Methods for Tuberose Oil, Tuberose Farming, Essential Oil Extraction in India, Tuberose Oil, Tuberose Essential Oil, Extraction Methods of Natural Essential Oils, How to Make Tuberose Essential Oil, How to Grow Rajanigandha, Essential Oils from Tuberose Flowers, Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, Essential Oil Production, How are Essential Oils Produced?, Extraction Methods for Tuberose Oil, Rajnigandha Plantation with Oil Extraction, Extraction of Oil from Rajnigandha, Polianthes Tuberosa, Tuberose Essential Oil, Making of Essential Oils, Commercial Cultivation of Rajanigandha, Rajanigandha Flower Cultivation, Rajanigandha Farming Profitable Business, Project Report on Rajnigandha Oil, Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Rajnigandha Oil Extraction project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Industry in India, New project profile on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil processing industries, Project Report on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Industry, Detailed Project Report on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil plant, Project Report on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil plant, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Feasibility report on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Free Project Profile on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Project profile on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Download free project profile on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil plant, Industrial Project Report
Production and Processing of Turpentine Oil. Fractionation of Turpentine Oil
Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine and colloquially turps) is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from live trees, mainly pines. It is mainly used as a solvent and as a source of materials for organic synthesis. Turpentine is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, dipentene, and terpinolene.
Turpentine oil is made from the resin of certain pine trees. It is used as medicine.
Turpentine oil is a multicomponent mixture of turpene hydrocarbons, and its composition depends to a great extent on the nature of the raw material. Turpentine oil is widely used in industry as a solvent for varnishes and paints and as a raw material in the production of camphor, terpin hydrate, Flotation Oil, lubricating oils, insecticides, and perfumes. In medicine, turpentine oil is used in a preparation that acts as a local stimulant, anesthetic, and antiseptic. It is used externally in ointments for neuralgia and myositis.
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Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Turpentine Oil, Turpentine Oil Production and Processing, Turpentine Oil from Pine Resin, Essential Oil of Turpentine, Turpentine Oil Uses, Turpentine Oil Formula, Composition of Turpentine Oils, Turpentine Essential Oil, Turpentine Oil Refinery and Fractionation Plant, Pine Resin Processing and Production of Turpentine Oil, Turpentine Oil Industry, Turpentine Oil Manufacturing, Turpentine Oil Manufacture, Project Report on Turpentine Oil Industry, Detailed Project Report on Turpentine Oil Production, Project Report on Turpentine Oil Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Feasibility report on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Free Project Profile on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Project profile on Turpentine Oil Production, Download free project profile on Turpentine Oil Production, Turpentine Oil Production, Turpentine Industry, Turpentine Oil Manufacturing Process, Turpentine Oil Fractionation
Investment Opportunity in Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit. Edible Oil Refinery ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The document discusses setting up an edible oil manufacturing plant that produces sunflower, groundnut, and rice bran oils. It provides an overview of the edible oil industry in India, including production and consumption trends. It also describes the key characteristics and uses of sunflower oil, groundnut oil, and rice bran oil. The document then outlines the project details, including machinery requirements, manufacturing process, financials, and viability.
Soybean Oil Market | Price, Processing Plant ReportIMARC Group
Soybean oil is considered as one of the healthiest cooking oils and currently represents the second largest edible oil consumed in the world. The latest report of soybean oil describes the demand of soybean oil to grow at a CAGR of around 4% in the coming years. Link to report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/soybean-oil-processing-plant
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur's ToolboxElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview of considerations for evaluating the feasibility of starting a range poultry business. It discusses examining personal and family circumstances to determine interest and fit. A marketing analysis evaluates demand, while a production analysis confirms the operation can be done successfully. Profitability and financial analyses determine if the business can make money and be afforded. Feasibility studies help identify potential issues before investing in a business plan and expansion. Planning increases chances of long-term success for new agricultural enterprises.
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur's ToolboxElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview of considerations for evaluating the feasibility of starting a range poultry business. It discusses examining personal and family resources and preferences, marketing potential, production capabilities, and financial viability. A feasibility study looks at technical, economic, social and market factors to determine if a business idea is viable and identifies any risks or barriers. The document recommends developing a business plan to formalize goals and strategies for operations, marketing, human resources and finances. Planning helps ensure success and guides decision-making for new agricultural businesses.
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur's ToolboxElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to a toolbox for growing a range poultry business. It was created by several organizations for Heifer International to help entrepreneurs evaluate the feasibility of range poultry enterprises. It includes sections on feasibility assessments, marketing, production, profitability, developing a business plan, record keeping, resources, and producer profiles. Budget templates are also included to analyze costs for different production systems and processing options like on-farm processing or mobile processing units. The goal is to help new and existing producers determine if a range poultry business is viable and expand successfully.
Projects on Edible Oil Industry
(Non-Edible Oils, Fats, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Corn Oil, Cooking Oils, Rice Bran Oil, Castor Oil, Sesame Oil, Linseed Oil, Vanaspati Ghee, Mahuwa Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Coconut Oil from Copra, Black Pepper Oil, Edible Corn Oil, Light Liquid Paraffin Oil, Neem Oil, Chili Oil, Olive Oil)
Edible oils are most often plant-based oils, which are similar, if not the same as those produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as biofuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils may be solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
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Edible Oil Production, Small Scale Processing of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Manufacturing Process, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Processing Edible Oils, Edible Oil Industry, Setting Up and Running Small-Scale Edible Oil Industry, Edible Oil Production and Edible Oil Process, Edible Oils Processing Equipment, Oil Processing Plant, Process Line of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Manufacturing, Production of Edible Oil, Profitable Edible Oil Manufacturing Business Ideas, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production Line, Edible Oil Production Project Report, Edible Oil Extraction, Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Edible Oil Production Business Plan, Methods for Extraction Of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Extraction, Extracting of Oil From Seed, Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Production of Non-Edible Oil, Vegetable Oil Processing, Processing and Refining Edible Oils, Vegetable Oil Manufacturing, Mahua Oil, Mahua Oil Manufacture, Processing of Mahuwa Oil, Mahuwa Oil Processing, Manufacturing Process of Mahua Oil, Mahuwa Oil Production Plant, Business Plan for Manufacturing Mahuwa Oil, Extraction of Mahua Oil, Castor Oil & Its Derivatives, Project Report on Castor Oil and Its Derivatives, Castor Derivatives, Castor Oil Derivatives Plant, Production of Castor Oil, Castor Oil Plant, Castor Oil Processing Plant, Castor Oil Extraction, Castor Oil Processing, Castor Oil Manufacturing Plant, Method of Extracting Castor Oil, Preparation of Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Plant, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Process, Production of Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Manufacturing Plant, Profile On Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Extraction
Cotton Seed Oil Processing, Machinery Requirements and Project ReportIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an cotton seed oil processing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Refined Oil Production from Cotton Seed, Ground Nut and Sunflower OilAjjay Kumar Gupta
Refined Oil Production from Cotton Seed, Ground Nut and Sunflower Oil. Increasing Demand of Refined Oil in Edible Oil Industry.
Vegetable oil is oil that's extracted from various varieties of fruits, seeds, grains, and nuts (all considered vegetables for this purpose). The foremost popular oils are made up of canola, coconut, corn, cottonseed, olive, palm, palm nut, peanut, safflower, soybean, and sunflower. Oil is used to feature flavor, assist with texture, and to cook food. In common usage, oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at temperature.
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The Indian edible oil industry is the fourth largest in the world. India produces around 25 million tons of oilseeds annually but still imports around half of its edible oil needs. Common oils produced in India include groundnut, mustard, soybean, and coconut. Olive oil consumption is also growing in India for health reasons. The edible oil industry contributes significantly to India's economy and agriculture. However, India still needs to increase domestic oilseed production and decrease its reliance on imports to meet growing demand.
Wilmar International Limited started as a palm oil trading company in 1991 and has since become Asia's leading agribusiness group. It operates across four continents with over 67,000 employees and 160 processing plants. Wilmar has established an integrated business model that captures the entire value chain from origination of raw materials to processing, branding, and distributing agricultural products. The company is now expanding beyond Asia into Africa, Russia, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe by applying its expertise in oil palm and rubber plantations, processing facilities, and global distribution networks.
This document is a lab report on the preparation of biodiesel. It includes an abstract, introduction, acknowledgements, and discussion of various raw materials that can be used to produce biodiesel such as soybean, palm oil, sunflower, peanut, flax, and safflower. It provides details on the oil content and uses of products from each of these crops. The introduction gives a definition of biodiesel and overview of biodiesel production from vegetable oils, animal fats, and microalgae.
Setting Up a Successful Apricot Kernel Oil Processing Unit: DPRIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an apricot kernel oil processing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/apricot-kernel-oil-processing-plant-project-report
- India is the fourth largest consumer of edible oils globally, but domestic production meets only about 35-40% of demand, forcing heavy reliance on imports.
- Consumption varies greatly by region and socioeconomic group. The industry is highly fragmented with over 600 extraction units and 166 vanaspati manufacturers, though only 10 oil and 8 vanaspati units have national reach.
- Key players include Adani Wilmar, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, and Marico. The market is growing at 8.7% annually but faces issues of surplus capacity and dependency on imports for raw materials.
A project report by MBA 1st semester Students from Dr. K.N. Modi University on the topic Project report on Mustard oil Suresh Oil Mill, Newai Rajasthan
Report on the effect of Naira’s Devaluation on the Agricultural Value Chains ...MADE
This study examines the effects of the Nigerian currency’s devaluation and related government trade restriction policies on four key agricultural value chains in the Niger Delta region. These value chains—palm oil, cassava, aquaculture, and poultry—are focal points for the Chevron funded Foundation for Partnership Initiatives in the Niger Delta (PIND) and the DFID funded Market Development in the Niger Delta Programme (MADE). The study examines the market responses within and across the value chains to the income and substitution effects that arose following the price shocks from naira’s devaluation and depreciation of the currency since 2014. The study: identifies opportunities and challenges for market actors in these value chains; shows how established market structures are shifting; and examines the implications for current and future PIND and MADE interventions.
The document discusses Mukesh Ambani, the richest man in India. It mentions that he oversees Reliance Industries, India's most valuable company. He recently merged Reliance Petroleum with Reliance Industries. Ambani also increased his stake in Reliance Industries in October and paid $3.4 billion for additional shares. His Reliance Petroleum refinery began operating in December despite declining global demand and margins.
This document provides a sustainability checklist for beef cattle farms. It includes questions about farm resources, management priorities, herd health, reproductive management, forage programs, grazing management, soil and water quality, energy and economic efficiency, quality of life considerations, and goals for improvement. The checklist is intended to help farmers critically evaluate the sustainability of their operations and identify areas for potential enhancement.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
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FOOD SAFETY ASPECTS IN EDIBLE OIL PROCESSINGjaisingh277
Edible oil seeds - coconut, mustard, niger, sunflower, safflower, soybean and groundnut processing, pretreatments, heat treatments and oil expelling has been discussed with emphasis on food safety.
An overview of groundnut oil processing plantyanooka
For the ones who plan to start groundnut oil processing business, here are what you should know about Purchasing Raw Materials, Shelling, Crushing, Heating, Pressing, Filtration, Storage of Oil, Sale of Oil, Maintenance of the Oil Press.
How to Start Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Unit. Essential Oils Extraction BusinessAjjay Kumar Gupta
Polianthes tuberosa, is commonly known as Rajanigandha in India due to its night blooming fragrant flowers. It is small bulbous herb reaching upto height of 2-3 feets. It bears aromatic flowers and generally grown for oranmental purpose. The waxy, white and fragrant flowers on long spikes are mostly used as cut flowers for making garlands and extracting essential oil. There are also few medicinal uses of Polianthes tuberosa. Flowers are used in perfume industry and also diuretic and emetic activity. Bulbs are used as antigonorrhoea, diuretic, emetic and for curing rashes in infant.
Tuberose oil is extracted from Polianthes tuberosa of the Agavaceae family and is also known as tuberosa and tubereuse.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
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How to Make Essential Oils, Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil, How to Extract Essential Oils from Polianthes Tuberosa, Essential Oil Extraction, How Essential Oils are Extracted, Extraction Methods for Tuberose Oil, Tuberose Farming, Essential Oil Extraction in India, Tuberose Oil, Tuberose Essential Oil, Extraction Methods of Natural Essential Oils, How to Make Tuberose Essential Oil, How to Grow Rajanigandha, Essential Oils from Tuberose Flowers, Methods of Extracting Essential Oils, Essential Oil Production, How are Essential Oils Produced?, Extraction Methods for Tuberose Oil, Rajnigandha Plantation with Oil Extraction, Extraction of Oil from Rajnigandha, Polianthes Tuberosa, Tuberose Essential Oil, Making of Essential Oils, Commercial Cultivation of Rajanigandha, Rajanigandha Flower Cultivation, Rajanigandha Farming Profitable Business, Project Report on Rajnigandha Oil, Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Rajnigandha Oil Extraction project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Industry in India, New project profile on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil processing industries, Project Report on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Industry, Detailed Project Report on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil plant, Project Report on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil plant, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Feasibility report on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Free Project Profile on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Project profile on Rajnigandha Oil Extraction Plant, Download free project profile on Polianthes Tuberosa Essential Oil plant, Industrial Project Report
Production and Processing of Turpentine Oil. Fractionation of Turpentine Oil
Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine and colloquially turps) is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from live trees, mainly pines. It is mainly used as a solvent and as a source of materials for organic synthesis. Turpentine is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, dipentene, and terpinolene.
Turpentine oil is made from the resin of certain pine trees. It is used as medicine.
Turpentine oil is a multicomponent mixture of turpene hydrocarbons, and its composition depends to a great extent on the nature of the raw material. Turpentine oil is widely used in industry as a solvent for varnishes and paints and as a raw material in the production of camphor, terpin hydrate, Flotation Oil, lubricating oils, insecticides, and perfumes. In medicine, turpentine oil is used in a preparation that acts as a local stimulant, anesthetic, and antiseptic. It is used externally in ointments for neuralgia and myositis.
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Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Turpentine Oil, Turpentine Oil Production and Processing, Turpentine Oil from Pine Resin, Essential Oil of Turpentine, Turpentine Oil Uses, Turpentine Oil Formula, Composition of Turpentine Oils, Turpentine Essential Oil, Turpentine Oil Refinery and Fractionation Plant, Pine Resin Processing and Production of Turpentine Oil, Turpentine Oil Industry, Turpentine Oil Manufacturing, Turpentine Oil Manufacture, Project Report on Turpentine Oil Industry, Detailed Project Report on Turpentine Oil Production, Project Report on Turpentine Oil Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Feasibility report on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Free Project Profile on Fractionation of Turpentine Oil, Project profile on Turpentine Oil Production, Download free project profile on Turpentine Oil Production, Turpentine Oil Production, Turpentine Industry, Turpentine Oil Manufacturing Process, Turpentine Oil Fractionation
Investment Opportunity in Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit. Edible Oil Refinery ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The document discusses setting up an edible oil manufacturing plant that produces sunflower, groundnut, and rice bran oils. It provides an overview of the edible oil industry in India, including production and consumption trends. It also describes the key characteristics and uses of sunflower oil, groundnut oil, and rice bran oil. The document then outlines the project details, including machinery requirements, manufacturing process, financials, and viability.
Soybean Oil Market | Price, Processing Plant ReportIMARC Group
Soybean oil is considered as one of the healthiest cooking oils and currently represents the second largest edible oil consumed in the world. The latest report of soybean oil describes the demand of soybean oil to grow at a CAGR of around 4% in the coming years. Link to report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/soybean-oil-processing-plant
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur's ToolboxElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview of considerations for evaluating the feasibility of starting a range poultry business. It discusses examining personal and family circumstances to determine interest and fit. A marketing analysis evaluates demand, while a production analysis confirms the operation can be done successfully. Profitability and financial analyses determine if the business can make money and be afforded. Feasibility studies help identify potential issues before investing in a business plan and expansion. Planning increases chances of long-term success for new agricultural enterprises.
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur's ToolboxElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview of considerations for evaluating the feasibility of starting a range poultry business. It discusses examining personal and family resources and preferences, marketing potential, production capabilities, and financial viability. A feasibility study looks at technical, economic, social and market factors to determine if a business idea is viable and identifies any risks or barriers. The document recommends developing a business plan to formalize goals and strategies for operations, marketing, human resources and finances. Planning helps ensure success and guides decision-making for new agricultural businesses.
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur's ToolboxElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to a toolbox for growing a range poultry business. It was created by several organizations for Heifer International to help entrepreneurs evaluate the feasibility of range poultry enterprises. It includes sections on feasibility assessments, marketing, production, profitability, developing a business plan, record keeping, resources, and producer profiles. Budget templates are also included to analyze costs for different production systems and processing options like on-farm processing or mobile processing units. The goal is to help new and existing producers determine if a range poultry business is viable and expand successfully.
Projects on Edible Oil Industry
(Non-Edible Oils, Fats, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Corn Oil, Cooking Oils, Rice Bran Oil, Castor Oil, Sesame Oil, Linseed Oil, Vanaspati Ghee, Mahuwa Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Coconut Oil from Copra, Black Pepper Oil, Edible Corn Oil, Light Liquid Paraffin Oil, Neem Oil, Chili Oil, Olive Oil)
Edible oils are most often plant-based oils, which are similar, if not the same as those produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as biofuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils may be solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Edible Oil Production, Small Scale Processing of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Manufacturing Process, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Processing Edible Oils, Edible Oil Industry, Setting Up and Running Small-Scale Edible Oil Industry, Edible Oil Production and Edible Oil Process, Edible Oils Processing Equipment, Oil Processing Plant, Process Line of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Manufacturing, Production of Edible Oil, Profitable Edible Oil Manufacturing Business Ideas, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production Line, Edible Oil Production Project Report, Edible Oil Extraction, Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Edible Oil Production Business Plan, Methods for Extraction Of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Extraction, Extracting of Oil From Seed, Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Production of Non-Edible Oil, Vegetable Oil Processing, Processing and Refining Edible Oils, Vegetable Oil Manufacturing, Mahua Oil, Mahua Oil Manufacture, Processing of Mahuwa Oil, Mahuwa Oil Processing, Manufacturing Process of Mahua Oil, Mahuwa Oil Production Plant, Business Plan for Manufacturing Mahuwa Oil, Extraction of Mahua Oil, Castor Oil & Its Derivatives, Project Report on Castor Oil and Its Derivatives, Castor Derivatives, Castor Oil Derivatives Plant, Production of Castor Oil, Castor Oil Plant, Castor Oil Processing Plant, Castor Oil Extraction, Castor Oil Processing, Castor Oil Manufacturing Plant, Method of Extracting Castor Oil, Preparation of Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Plant, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Process, Production of Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Manufacturing Plant, Profile On Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Extraction
Cotton Seed Oil Processing, Machinery Requirements and Project ReportIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an cotton seed oil processing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
Refined Oil Production from Cotton Seed, Ground Nut and Sunflower OilAjjay Kumar Gupta
Refined Oil Production from Cotton Seed, Ground Nut and Sunflower Oil. Increasing Demand of Refined Oil in Edible Oil Industry.
Vegetable oil is oil that's extracted from various varieties of fruits, seeds, grains, and nuts (all considered vegetables for this purpose). The foremost popular oils are made up of canola, coconut, corn, cottonseed, olive, palm, palm nut, peanut, safflower, soybean, and sunflower. Oil is used to feature flavor, assist with texture, and to cook food. In common usage, oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at temperature.
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The Indian edible oil industry is the fourth largest in the world. India produces around 25 million tons of oilseeds annually but still imports around half of its edible oil needs. Common oils produced in India include groundnut, mustard, soybean, and coconut. Olive oil consumption is also growing in India for health reasons. The edible oil industry contributes significantly to India's economy and agriculture. However, India still needs to increase domestic oilseed production and decrease its reliance on imports to meet growing demand.
Wilmar International Limited started as a palm oil trading company in 1991 and has since become Asia's leading agribusiness group. It operates across four continents with over 67,000 employees and 160 processing plants. Wilmar has established an integrated business model that captures the entire value chain from origination of raw materials to processing, branding, and distributing agricultural products. The company is now expanding beyond Asia into Africa, Russia, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe by applying its expertise in oil palm and rubber plantations, processing facilities, and global distribution networks.
This document is a lab report on the preparation of biodiesel. It includes an abstract, introduction, acknowledgements, and discussion of various raw materials that can be used to produce biodiesel such as soybean, palm oil, sunflower, peanut, flax, and safflower. It provides details on the oil content and uses of products from each of these crops. The introduction gives a definition of biodiesel and overview of biodiesel production from vegetable oils, animal fats, and microalgae.
Setting Up a Successful Apricot Kernel Oil Processing Unit: DPRIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an apricot kernel oil processing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/apricot-kernel-oil-processing-plant-project-report
- India is the fourth largest consumer of edible oils globally, but domestic production meets only about 35-40% of demand, forcing heavy reliance on imports.
- Consumption varies greatly by region and socioeconomic group. The industry is highly fragmented with over 600 extraction units and 166 vanaspati manufacturers, though only 10 oil and 8 vanaspati units have national reach.
- Key players include Adani Wilmar, Hindustan Unilever, ITC, and Marico. The market is growing at 8.7% annually but faces issues of surplus capacity and dependency on imports for raw materials.
A project report by MBA 1st semester Students from Dr. K.N. Modi University on the topic Project report on Mustard oil Suresh Oil Mill, Newai Rajasthan
Report on the effect of Naira’s Devaluation on the Agricultural Value Chains ...MADE
This study examines the effects of the Nigerian currency’s devaluation and related government trade restriction policies on four key agricultural value chains in the Niger Delta region. These value chains—palm oil, cassava, aquaculture, and poultry—are focal points for the Chevron funded Foundation for Partnership Initiatives in the Niger Delta (PIND) and the DFID funded Market Development in the Niger Delta Programme (MADE). The study examines the market responses within and across the value chains to the income and substitution effects that arose following the price shocks from naira’s devaluation and depreciation of the currency since 2014. The study: identifies opportunities and challenges for market actors in these value chains; shows how established market structures are shifting; and examines the implications for current and future PIND and MADE interventions.
The document discusses Mukesh Ambani, the richest man in India. It mentions that he oversees Reliance Industries, India's most valuable company. He recently merged Reliance Petroleum with Reliance Industries. Ambani also increased his stake in Reliance Industries in October and paid $3.4 billion for additional shares. His Reliance Petroleum refinery began operating in December despite declining global demand and margins.
Similar to Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers (20)
This document provides a sustainability checklist for beef cattle farms. It includes questions about farm resources, management priorities, herd health, reproductive management, forage programs, grazing management, soil and water quality, energy and economic efficiency, quality of life considerations, and goals for improvement. The checklist is intended to help farmers critically evaluate the sustainability of their operations and identify areas for potential enhancement.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
Sistemas Avícolas Alternativos con Acceso a PasturaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe y compara sistemas avícolas alternativos y convencionales. Los sistemas alternativos incluyen aves con acceso a pasturas a través de casas fijas, casas portátiles, corrales de pastura u otros diseños que permiten a las aves expresar su comportamiento natural al aire libre. Estos sistemas son comúnmente a pequeña escala e integrados a granjas diversificadas. El acceso al exterior es una parte importante del bienestar de las aves y permite producción extensiva en comparación con los sistem
Producción Orgánica de Lechugas de Especialidad y Verduras Para EnsaladaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe las técnicas de producción orgánica de lechugas de especialidad y ensaladas. Explica que el mercado de lechugas de especialidad ha crecido, pero que el aumento de la producción ha hecho bajar los precios. Describe diferentes tipos de lechugas y verduras para ensaladas, así como técnicas de preparación del suelo, propagación, control de plagas y cosecha. Resalta la importancia de planificar cultivos para mantener un suministro constante a lo largo de la temporada.
Este documento cubre el procesamiento de aves a pequeña escala, ya sea en la granja o en plantas pequeñas. Describe las etapas clave del procesamiento, como la inmovilización, matanza, sangrado, desplume, evisceración, enfriamiento y empaque. También compara el procesamiento a pequeña, mediana y gran escala, y explica cómo el acceso a instalaciones de procesamiento es crucial para los pequeños productores avícolas.
Planeando la Plantación de Vegetales para una Cosecha ContinuaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento ofrece consejos para planificar plantaciones sucesivas de vegetales con el fin de lograr una cosecha continua a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento. Explica que es importante mantener registros de plantaciones y cosechas anteriores para determinar las fechas óptimas de siembra. También destaca que el clima y las condiciones de la tierra afectan el crecimiento de los cultivos, por lo que es útil considerar las temperaturas ideales de germinación de cada vegetal. El documento incluye una tabla con esta información y un
Este documento trata sobre la nutrición de rumiantes en pastoreo. Explica que los rumiantes como vacunos, ovinos y caprinos pueden convertir plantas no comestibles para humanos en alimentos mediante la digestión de la celulosa. También destaca que la mayoría de las tierras son aptas solo para pastoreo, no para cultivo, y que el pastoreo es una forma eficiente de convertir la biomasa vegetal en alimentos como carne y leche. Además, resalta la importancia de entender la nutrición de los rumiantes considerando fact
Este documento trata sobre los requerimientos nutricionales para aves de pastura y cómo cubrirlos a través de diferentes ingredientes alimenticios comunes y poco comunes. Explica el valor nutritivo de ingredientes como el maíz, trigo, avena, harina de pescado y frijol soya, y discute consideraciones como la molienda, la formulación de raciones y la nutrición aplicada para diferentes tasas de crecimiento y estilos de alimentación.
Nuevos Mercados para Su Cosecha (audio version)ElisaMendelsohn
Pedro quiere vender sus productos agrícolas pero no puede vender todo en el mercado local y los comerciantes le ofrecen precios bajos. José le sugiere vender a instituciones como escuelas, hospitales y asilos de ancianos. José introduce a Pedro con el comprador de alimentos del hospital local. El comprador está interesado en comprar productos de la granja de Pedro y pide detalles sobre sus productos, precios y disponibilidad. Pedro comienza a vender lechuga al hospital y el comprador pide un volumen mayor, pero Pedro no puede
Los Escarabajos del Pepino: Manejo Integrado de Plagas — MIP Orgánico y Biora...ElisaMendelsohn
Los escarabajos del pepino son plagas importantes de cultivos de cucurbitáceas en los Estados Unidos. Transmiten enfermedades bacterianas y virales y causan daño directo al alimentarse de raíces, tallos, hojas y frutos. Sus ciclos de vida y las medidas orgánicas de control como plantación tardía, cobertores flotantes, cultivos trampa e insecticidas botánicos deben ser comprendidos para implementar estrategias de manejo integrado efectivas.
Las Crónicas Orgánicas No. 1: No Tenga Pánico Vuélvase OrgánicoElisaMendelsohn
Este documento presenta la historia de Pedro, un agricultor, que aprende sobre los beneficios de la agricultura orgánica a través de una visita a una granja orgánica y conversaciones con agricultores orgánicos. Pedro descubre que la agricultura orgánica fomenta la biodiversidad en el suelo y los cultivos, lo que ayuda a controlar plagas de forma natural. Aprende que el uso de pesticidas químicos puede dañar a los organismos benéficos en el suelo y los cultivos. Finalmente, Pedro decide convertir
La Certificación para Granjas Orgánicas y el Programa Orgánico NacionalElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe los requisitos para la certificación orgánica de granjas y el Programa Orgánico Nacional de los EE.UU. Los agricultores que quieran vender sus productos como orgánicos deben obtener la certificación de un agente acreditado. La certificación asegura a los consumidores que los productos cumplen con las normas orgánicas. El Programa Orgánico Nacional estableció normas uniformes para la certificación y acredita agentes certificadores. Los agricultores deben cumplir con las normas de producción e
Jardinería Comercial: Consideraciones para Producción de Frutas y VerdurasElisaMendelsohn
Este documento proporciona consideraciones para iniciar un negocio de jardinería comercial. Explica que se debe desarrollar un plan de negocios que incluya un plan de marketing enfocado en los mercados. También discute opciones de mercado como mercados de productores, ventas directas, restaurantes e instituciones. Finalmente, enfatiza la importancia de aprender técnicas de producción a través de talleres, conferencias u observando otros productores.
Guía Ilustrada para la Producción de Ovinos y CaprinosElisaMendelsohn
Este documento es una guía ilustrada para la producción de ovinos y caprinos. Proporciona información sobre la selección de animales, la alimentación y el pastoreo, el cuidado de animales jóvenes y de cría, la sanidad, el equipo y el manejo, y la comercialización de productos de ovinos y caprinos. La guía describe las características deseables para una buena conformación en ovinos y caprinos, y ofrece consejos sobre cómo proveer una dieta y pastoreo saludables para estos animales.
Este documento proporciona una guía sobre métodos orgánicos para producir fresas. Cubre técnicas como el control de malezas mediante acolchado de plástico negro, fertilización orgánica, y control biológico de plagas. También discute sistemas de producción como la plantación en camellones con plástico y la producción en túneles, y provee recursos adicionales sobre certificación orgánica y recomendaciones de variedades por estado. La producción orgánica de fresas puede requerir más esf
Este documento describe el equipamiento básico necesario para una pequeña granja avícola, enfocándose en los sistemas de bebederos y comederos. Explica que los bebederos son cruciales para el bienestar de las aves y deben proveer agua limpia de manera confiable para prevenir enfermedades y la muerte de los pollos. También discute brevemente consideraciones para cercos, perchas y cajas nido.
Este documento describe el proceso de certificación orgánica según las normas del Programa Nacional Orgánico del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Explica que la certificación permite vender, representar y etiquetar productos como orgánicos, y que involucra inspecciones anuales realizadas por un certificador acreditado para verificar el cumplimiento de las normas. También destaca algunos de los beneficios de la certificación, como mantener mejores registros que ayudan a identificar y resolver problemas de producción con mayor facilidad.
Este documento trata sobre el manejo sostenible de suelos. Explica las propiedades básicas del suelo y los pasos para mejorar y mantener la calidad del suelo de manera sostenible. Cubre temas como la importancia de la materia orgánica y los organismos del suelo, técnicas para mejorar el suelo como el compost y la labranza reducida, y ejemplos de agricultores que han tenido éxito mejorando la calidad de sus suelos.
El Manejo de Gallineros para la Producción AlternativaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento proporciona información sobre el manejo del medio ambiente en la producción avícola alternativa. Explica que tanto el área interior como el exterior son importantes para el bienestar de las aves. Detalla la importancia de la ventilación, temperatura, iluminación y lecho dentro del gallinero. Además, enfatiza que la producción alternativa a menudo ocurre a pequeña escala y puede ser certificada orgánica, requiriendo ciertas prácticas especiales en comparación con la avicultura convencional.
Este documento describe los cuatro pasos que los productores y procesadores orgánicos deben seguir para prepararse adecuadamente para su inspección de certificación orgánica anual. El primer paso es leer las secciones pertinentes de las Normas Orgánicas Nacionales según el tipo de operación. El segundo paso es revisar su Plan de Sistema Orgánico. El tercer paso es revisar la comunicación de la agencia certificadora del año pasado. El cuarto paso es organizar todos los registros requeridos usando las listas proporcionadas. La public
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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2. cake left after the oil is pressed out of • Clean. Fine dust in the seed may clog
the raw seeds or nuts? the oil press hardware. Chaff left in the
• Do I want to target mass markets or spe- seed will absorb some of the oil and
cialty markets? keep it from getting squeezed out of the
expeller. Sand in the seed will wear out
• What geographical area do I want to the press. Stones damage the oil press
cover? screw or piston.
The first question is important because it • Dry. Moist seed leads to low yields and
affects the answers to all the other ques- clogs the screw or cage, a part of the
tions. It even affects how you read this pub- press. Moist seed may also get moldy, as
lication. If you crush oilseeds for biodiesel mold spores are present in all crops. A
or straight vegetable oil fuel production, you rule of thumb is that the moisture content
need to pay special attention to several spe- of the seed should be close to 10 per-
cific processing steps. cent. The number varies considerably for
For culinary oils, there are several more specific oilseeds. For example, rapeseed
processing steps and technologies to con- should be dried to a 7-percent moisture
sider and possibly add to your plan. You content, camelina to about 6 percent and
may forego some of the more complex, sunflower to 8.5 percent. Safflower needs
costly steps for exclusively personal-use only to be dried to 11 percent and soy-
cooking oil or biofuel. bean is safe for storage and processing at
12 percent (Alam, 2007).
Later in this publication, Matthies describes
how he got into this new oil business after There are at least two methods of testing
retiring from the petroleum business. seed moisture levels. Hand-held moisture
testers allow the user to simply place the
seed in the tester, turn it on and select
Basic processing steps the type of seed to test. The tester pro-
vides an instant readout. These testers
Seed cleaning cost from $400 to $700. Brand names
Preparation of the raw material often include DICKEY-johns mini GAC, the
includes removing husks or seed coats Graintec HE-50 and GE Sensing’s Pro-
from the seeds and separating the seeds timeter Grainmaster.
from the chaff. There are a wide variety of
This canola seed will small- to intermediate-scale approaches to Here is a lower-tech, low-cost way of
need very little cleaning and technologies for effective seed clean- moisture testing: Weigh a sample of
before crushing.
ing. Approaches range from seed, and then heat the sample in an
using various sizes of hard- oven at 300 degrees Fahrenheit for one
ware cloth screens in tandem hour. Reweigh the sample. The weight
(Clothier) to using a compact lost in the oven is equal to the moisture
fanning mill such as the Clip- content of the original sample. Calculate
per Office Tester and a spi- the percentage by dividing the weight
ral separator for small farms lost by the original weight and multiply-
(Small Scale Grain and Pulse ing the result by 100.
Production forum, 2008). Even dry seed can quickly get damp by
See the Resources sec- being in contact with damp earth. Once
tion for examples, types and the seed is dried and bagged, it must be
sources of equipment. carefully stored to keep it from absorbing
moisture.
Seed preparation and • Warm. Warm seed will yield the most
conditioning oil for the least effort. The optimum heat
For successful pressing, the range for oil extraction is from 100 to
Photo by Holly Hill, NCAT seed must be: 160 degrees. There are several ways to
Page 2 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers
3. preheat the seed in advance of extrac- example, the Täby Press is a screw press
tion. For very small batches, heating the manufactured in Sweden. It is similar to
seed in an oven or double boiler works, the Komet Oil Expeller described below.
as does concentrated sunlight in a solar Various models are available for cold press-
food dryer or some other solar collector. ing rapeseed, linseed, flaxseed, sunflower
For larger batches, a heating element in seed, sesame seed, peanut, groundnut,
a hopper located between the seed stor- mustard seed, poppy seed, cotton seed,
age facility and the oilseed press works jojoba and more. All of the Täby line of
well. screw presses are distributed in the United
States by Magic Mill International. See the
Extraction by cold pressing Resources section for more information.
Oil can be extracted mechanically with a Komet Vegetable Oil Expellers are manu-
ram press, an expeller or even a wooden factured by IBG Monforts in Germany. The
mortar and pestle, a traditional method company’s range of products covers small
that originated in India. Presses range from hand-operated machines as well as indus-
small, hand-driven models that an individ- trial machines. According to product litera-
ual can build to power-driven commercial ture, Komet oil expellers feature a special
presses. The ram press uses a piston inside cold pressing system with a single convey-
a cage to crush the seed and force out the ing screw to squeeze the oils from various
oil (Herz, 1997). oil-bearing seeds.
Expellers have a rotating screw inside a The machines operate on a gentle mechan-
horizontal cylinder that is capped at one ical press principle that does not involve
end. The screw forces the seeds or nuts mixing and tearing the seeds. Virtually all
through the cylinder with gradually increas- oil-bearing seeds, nuts and kernels can be
ing pressure. pressed with standard equipment and with-
The seed is heated by friction and electric out adjusting the screws or oil outlet holes.
heaters or a combination of the two. Once
the cap is removed, the oil escapes from the Figure 1. Sectional view of a Komet (single cylinder) oil expeller.
cylinder through small holes
or slots and the press cake,
or meal, emerges from the
end of the cylinder. Both
the pressure and tempera-
ture can be adjusted for dif-
ferent kinds of feedstock.
There are two distinct expel-
ler press designs — a single
cylinder press that expels
the press cake out in pellet
form and a traditional cage-
style screw press that expels
the meal out in large flakes.
Oil expellers
There are many manufac-
turers of single-cylinder
presses. Most presses are
sold in European countries
and designed primarily for
rapeseed, or canola. For
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 3
4. Some advantages and disadvantages of each Photo courtesy Ken DeBoer.
type of press are:
Single cylinder:
Advantages:
• Simple to use and adjust for multiple
feedstocks
• Designed for continuous use
• Easier to unclog if it gets backed up,
which happens occasionally
• Works quite well out of the box.
Disadvantages:
• Not for use for large, industrial-scale
presses due to the very large pressure This 1-ton press was too small and slow for what its
owner planned for it.
generated on the press head
• Expensive are too small for what is needed to produce
Cage style: biodiesel or straight vegetable oil fuel on an
Advantages: average Montana grain farm.
• Less expensive for small and large elec-
tric-driven presses Solvent extraction of oil
• The expeller of choice for larger capaci- Oils can also be extracted with solvents, but
ties of more than 3 tons per day solvent extraction is a complex and costly
Disadvantages: operation. Solvent extraction isn’t suited for
• Difficult to adjust for different sizes of small-scale processing because of high cap-
seeds ital and operating costs, risks due to fire
• Needs more constant monitoring and explosions from solvents, and the sheer
complexity. Management of solvents such as
Note: Reports from farmers who bought hexane is a problem as well (Principles of
certain imported Chinese models included Oil Extraction).
lower than expected quality and consider-
able setup time. They may need new parts
or motor upgrades to function properly. Clarification
Clarification removes contaminants such as
If you want to process larger amounts of oil- fine pulp, water and resins. You can clarify
seed crops, a 3-ton to 10-ton per day cage oil by allowing it to sit undisturbed for a few
press may be what you want. You can also
days and then removing the upper layer. If
link multiple cylinder presses in tandem to
the oil needs further clarification, filter the
perform the same function. Another option
oil through a fine filter cloth. Finally, you
is the Instapro press, which is a semi-indus-
can heat the oil to drive off traces of water
trial-scale press available in the 20-ton per
and destroy any bacteria. Very clean oil is
day capacity.
important in all uses, including biodiesel.
Both cylinder and cage presses have signifi-
cant electrical requirements. Any press with Degumming
a capacity over 3 tons per day will likely
Degumming is the process of removing the
require three-phase power and smaller
phospholipids from the oil. Many people
presses require 220-volt power.
advise that you allow the resulting oil to settle
Choosing the correct size of press for what out the gums, or hydratables, over a period
you intend to do is very important. For of one to two weeks. However, you need
example, Montana farmers’ experiences led more chemical processing to make high-qual-
to the conclusion that 1-ton per day presses ity culinary oil or biodiesel feedstock.
Page 4 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers
5. The RBD process gets oil to commercial
The chemistry of degumming for grade specifications.
biodiesel production
Degumming is a critically important process The RBD process includes:
for oilseed processors who use their oil in a • Refining. Refining usually consists of two
high-quality biodiesel or in straight vegeta- steps. The first step is degumming, which
ble oil fuel. These gums are similar to normal
triglycerides; however, one gum chain is a
is described above. The second step is
phosphorus molecule. Most of the gums are neutralization, in which the free fatty
hydratable with water, meaning that either a acids (FFAs) in the crude oil are caustic-
normal settling or a water wash followed by stripped with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
settling will get gums out. Some of the gums in an aqueous solution. The resulting soap
are non-hydratables, so the oil must be mixed stock is settled, filtered or centrifuged out
with phosphoric or citric acid to cause the (Van Gerpen et al., 2006).
non-hydratable gums to swell up and come
out of solution. • Bleaching. In this step, the oil is mixed
with certain types of bleaching clays to
The amount of non-hydratable gums formed,
absorb colors and some other contami-
as well as the acid content of the oil, will often
depend on the oil extraction temperature. nants such as soap, trace metals and sul-
Within a certain temperature range, lipases, fur compounds.
the enzymes that consume fats and oils, are • Deodorizing. This is a distillation pro-
active during oil extraction. These lipases can cess that occurs at high temperatures and
cause the free fatty acid (FFA) content or the
low pressure (Van Gerpen et al., 2006).
amount of non-hydratable gums to increase.
Higher gum levels and FFA levels are not good The oil is put under a vacuum and heated
for biodiesel production. with steam to remove any leftover taste
or odors and FFAs. Deodorizing can also
Getting the non-hydratable gums out may or be achieved by treatment with activated
may not be critical, depending on the appli-
cation. For instance, most of the hydratable
charcoal (Pilgeram, 2008).
gums will come out in the glycerin phase in RBD is not always beneficial to nutrition.
biodiesel production, but the non-hydratable Crude oil contains more vitamin E, trace
gums that are left over will cause the producer elements, phytosterols and more. The trade-
to miss on the American Society of Testing off is that crude oil is healthier but less sta-
and Materials (ASTM) phosphorus specifica-
tion for their B100, or 100-percent biodiesel.
ble (Pilgeram, 2008).
Oil packaging and storage
Refining, bleaching and Use clean, dry containers to package and
store oils. Sealed glass or plastic bottles are
deodorizing adequate for small quantities. Colored con-
The vegetable oil produced and processed to tainers in a dark box help increase shelf life.
this point does not need refining, bleaching Steel or plastic tanks work well for large
or deodorizing as long as the natural taste,
smell and color are acceptable to the user.
However, getting the oil to commercial food Full-cycle farming?
grade may be an important step in oilseed
processing if your market demands it. For Everdale Organic Farm in Ontario, along with Piedmont Biofuels from
example, restaurants require oils that have a North Carolina, came up with a novel way to use the same batch of oil
relatively high smoke temperature and may for food and fuel. For example, a farmer could “rent the oil” by harvest-
or may not want the taste of the natural oil. ing his canola, processing the oil seeds to food-grade standards and
Getting the oil to food grade will add value “renting” the oil to a restaurant for a price lower than the restaurant
typically pays for their oil. After using the oil, the restaurant returns the
and can make small-scale biodiesel from
oil to the farmer for conversion to biodiesel. This way there is no com-
oilseeds more feasible for those who intend petition between food and fuel and the economics work out favorably
to use the oil in a manner similar to the for small-scale biodiesel production from oilseed crops.
full-cycle farming story at right.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 5
6. quantities. The shelf Oilseed by-products:
life of oil is usually six
to 12 months if it is Meal and hulls
properly packaged and Soy hulls and sunflower shells removed
kept away from heat before pressing are used as animal feed.
and sunlight (Fellows Soy hulls are used as a replacement for corn
and Hampton, 1992). or winter hay.
Keeping air away from Seed meal is a valuable by-product of press-
ing oilseeds. Sesame seed cake is valuable
oil is perhaps the most
Photo courtesy Montana State University. as a human food. Sunflower seed cake is
important step to pre-
Camelina seed is very small compared to other not suitable for people, but it makes a good
vent rancidity. Com-
oilseeds. addition to chicken, pig or cattle feed. It is
pletely fill whatever
quite high in crude protein, but contains
size container you chose so there is no air very few carbohydrates. It should be used
space and then cap the container tightly as a feed additive, not a feed by itself.
(Van Gerpen, 2008).
Canola, soy and safflower meal are also
Shelf life of oil may vary depending on the used as animal feed supplements. At the
type of oil as well as the storage conditions. time of this writing, extensive camelina
For example, flax and grape seed have a animal feeding trials are being conducted.
shorter shelf life than canola or sunflower Table 1 shows the nutrient levels of various
due to the large amount of polyunsaturates oilseed meals.
present.
Just as with oilseeds, proper storage of seed
If the stored vegetable oil does not reach cake is extremely important. Moldy seed
sustained temperatures of 100° F or more, cake is a twofold problem. First, moldy seed
its vital components will be preserved. cake does not taste good to animals. Ani-
Therefore, vegetable oil is excellently suited mals may not be willing to eat moldy feed.
for natural nutrition. As long as the oil is Worse, some kinds of mold make mycotox-
stored in a dark, cool place, it will have a ins such as aflatoxin. These poisons can
long shelf life. make people and animals sick. Some of the
What’s in the meal?
Be clear on oil content of the oilseed and the cake. Crushing the whole seed rather than dehulling
it before pressing increases the fiber levels. All of the numbers describing the various oilseeds on
the next page are the oil, or fat, content of the meal. The words fat and oil are interchangeable.
Keep in mind that any variability in an oilseed crusher’s efficiency and effectiveness in removing the
oil will affect factors such as feed ration recommendations and shelf life. For example, canola seed
is about 40 percent oil, based on methods that extract virtually all the oil, usually solvent extraction.
However, if cold pressing canola gets only 70 percent of that 40 percent, the amount of oil left in
the cake is more than what a processor that removes 85 percent of the oil would leave.
Meals of the oilseeds in the brassica family contain glucosinolates, which are organic compounds
that function as natural pesticides and give brassicas their bitter taste. Glucosinolates have anti-
nutritional qualities that block absorption of some nutrients. Mustard meal has very high levels of
these compounds. Camelina and canola have much lower levels, making them far more suitable
for feeding.
Soybeans contain trypsin inhibitors that need to be deactivated by cooking before animals can
derive the full value of the protein in the meal (Van Gerpen, 2008). There is a large body of litera-
ture on what meals are best suited for ruminant or monogastrics like swine and poultry animals.
See the Resources section for a sample of those sources.
Page 6 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers
7. Table 1. Nutrient composition of various oilseed meals resulting from solvent or mechanical extraction
Source – Biodiesel benefits for Cattle Producers: Feeding Byproducts of Biodiesel Production, 2008, Greg Lardy.
Dry matter basis
DM, CP, Fat, TDN, NEm, NEg, ADF, Ca, P,
% % % % Mcal/lb Mcal/lb % % %
Camelina meal, mechanical extraction 91.5 36.5 14.1 88.6 .97 .64 19.2 .38 .77
Canola meal, mechanical extraction 90 41 7.4 76 .8 .52 16 .6 .94
Canola meal, mechanical extraction,
92.6 36.9 14.1 88 1.09 .77 NG .6 1.02
On-farm press
Canola meal, solvent extraction 90 43.6 1.2 69 .73 .45 18 .67 1
Mustard meal, mechanical extraction 93 34.5 5.5 73 .76 .48 NG NG NG
Safflower meal, mechanical extraction 91.9 23.5 7.2 56.1 .55 .25 NG .26 .66
Safflower meal, solvent extraction 92 25.4 1.1 57 .55 .29 41 .37 .81
Soybean meal, mechanical extraction 90.7 46.7 5.2 84.9 .94 .62 NG .31 .65
Soybean meal, solvent extraction 89 49 1.2 84 .94 .64 NG .33 .71
Sunflower meal, mechanical extraction,
93.1 23.6 19 90.5 1.13 .8 NG .43 .79
On-farm press
Sunflower meal, solvent extraction 90 38.9 1 64 .65 .35 28 .39 1.06
Abbreviations: DM = dry matter; TDN = total digestible nutrients; NEm = net energy for maintenance; NEg = net energy for gain;
CP = crude protein; ADF = acid detergent fiber; Ca = calcium; P = phosphorus; NG = not given.
poisons from moldy seed will end up in the Adding value adds costs
oil, but most remain in the seed cake. The
Although value-added processing can be a
toxins can also get into the meat, eggs and
way to increase a farmer’s share of the farm
especially the milk of the animals that eat
product dollar, adding value doesn’t come
the cake.
free. At each step, one is adding more work,
Rancidity is another shelf-life issue for oil- buying additional equipment and supplies
seed cake. Shelf life of meal is most affected and using more energy. Information needs
by the content of unsaturated fatty acids increase. Wholesaling or retailing culi-
and the content of antioxidants such as vita- nary oil will require nutritional labeling.
min E and derivatives. Unsaturated fatty And depending upon the situation, liability
acids, such as omega-3s, decrease the shelf insurance may become a must.
life. Antioxidants increase shelf life. Stor-
age, temperature, humidity, moisture con- A key point to remember is that adding
tent and seed type are also important factors value to any foods by processing increases
to consider. For example, camelina and flax safety risks due to the increased handling.
both have high concentrations of omega-3 Therefore, rules and regulations are estab-
fatty acids. However, camelina meal con- lished by each state to protect public health.
tains higher concentrations of vitamin E and In addition, the Food and Drug Administra-
subsequently has a longer shelf life than flax tion regulates products going out of state.
meal. Canola oil contains less unsaturated Anyone considering processed foods as a
fat than camelina oil. Subsequently, canola value-added business should contact their
meal is more stable (Pilgeram, 2008). state health department before proceeding.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 7
8. One (bio)oilman’s story
E. Peter Matthies has been involved with pressing oil from in Canada or grape seed oils from wineries or certain immi-
seeds and nuts for more than 15 years. The following is from grant groups who like special oils they were used to from
a communication Matthias sent to one of the authors of this their home country.
publication and serves to illustrate one man’s experience with
Later I became known for the special quality of the truly cold
oilseed production.
pressed oil (less than 90 degrees) and I was asked to test vari-
“Upon my retirement I started to ranch (and) raise cattle in ous varieties of certain products, such as grape seed oil from
western Colorado. A professor at Colorado State University sug- different grapes, like an oil “a la merlot” or “a la pinot noir.” I
gested that I plant alfalfa and rotate it with canola rather than produced oil on contract for several companies until they had
other small grains. With a press, I would get some oil and the established their own markets, at which point they acquired
by-product (press cake) would also have economic value. their own production plants.
When I found the special cold press equipment in Germany, I Small-scale operators, who consider oils as a sideline, might
purchased a couple of presses and got started. I learned from be able to sell to local shops and restaurants. Health spas are
the equipment company representatives about other oils from always in need of special oils. Make sure you have a good
hazelnuts, peanuts, walnuts, macadamia nuts, sesame, sun- name for your product and present the oils in appealing
flower, hemp, Saw palmetto and others and started to make containers.
oils. I also tried some very special oils, like coffee oil and oil
In regard to pricing, find out what other people charge and see
from dried orange peels. I went to some of the big shows and
if you can live with that. Or concentrate on high price markets
met marketing and distributing people. I furnished them with
like certified organic stores or Kosher (markets). Prices for the
samples and received substantial orders. I shipped anywhere
same oil are different in different parts of the country. Can you
from 1-gallon containers to 55-gallon drums. A local cattle
be competitive at those rates? Can you sell just under those
feed lot sent their truck twice a month to pick up any press
rates and still be economical? Certified organic and Kosher
cake that I didn’t use for my own horses and cattle.
(products) cost extra for inspection in addition to the instal-
Slowly my name became known by word-of-mouth. People lation and operation of the plant. Is the market large enough
sent me different seeds or nuts to test for oil content and for to pay for the higher costs?
the taste and value of such oils. Through a Web page I attracted
I believe there is no sure-fire way (to sell oils) in all parts of the
universities and other companies.
country. But one thing is necessary wherever you are: You’ve
Some people who bought the special Komet presses from got to go out and toot your horn!”
me concentrated on special markets, such as hemp seed oil (Matthies, 2004)
Page 8 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers
9. References Resources
Alam, M.S. November 2007. Basic of fats and Oils
Chemistry: Factors Affecting Crude Oil Quality. Pre-
Oilseed crushers
sented to the Vegetable Oils Extraction Short Course, (Neither NCAT nor the authors of this publication
Texas A&M Food Protein R&D Center, College Sta- endorse any of the products listed here. It is intended
tion, Texas. as a sample, not a comprehensive list of equipment
suppliers.)
Clothier, Tom. Seeds http://tomclothier.hort.net/
page28.html. Cropland Biodiesel Oilseed Press
Fellows, Peter, and Ann Hampton (eds.). 1992. Cropland Biodiesel sells three models of screw presses
Small- Scale Food Processing: A Guide to Appropriate with the option to buy the press itself or the press and
Equipment. Practical Action Publishing – formerly motor together for an additional cost. Catering to the
the Intermediate Technology Development Group. farming community, Cropland Biodiesel has custom-
158 p. (A second edition was published in 2003. See ized units with a Thermostatically Controlled Heated
Resources for ordering information.) Press, giving the ability to dial in the exact tempera-
Herz, Jonathan. 1997. Using and Maintaining the ture necessary to expel the highest amounts of oil from
Ram Press. Enterprise Works Worldwide. Washington, the seed crop.
DC. 42 p. CLB-100
Lardy, Greg. 2008. Biodiesel Benefits for Cattle Pro- Capacity: 1 ton per 24 hours
ducers: Feeding Byproducts of Biodiesel Production. CLB-300
Western Organizations of Resource Councils, Billings, Capacity: 3 ton per 24 hours
MT. 28 p.
CLB-500
Matthies, E. Peter. 2004. Personal communication. Capacity: 5 ton per 24 hours
See the Resources section for contact information.
Contact:
Pilgeram, Alice. July 2008. Correspondence with Doug Fluit
author. Cropland Biodiesel
Principles of Oil Extraction. Practical Action Publish- 2003 Pangborn Rd.
ing (formerly the Intermediate Technology Group), Lynden, WA, 98264
Colchester, Essex, UK. (360) 815-7061
hunter@croplandbiodiesel.com
Small Scale Grain and Pulse Production forum. May www.croplandbiodiesel.com
17, 2008. Cleaning Up. Small Scale Grain and Pulse
Production: A Forum for Information on Grain and Kern Kraft Oilseed Press
Pulse Production for Food. http://grainsandpulses.
blogspot.com/2008/05/cleaning-up.html. The German Kern Kraft oilseed presses range from ¼
ton per day to 4 ton per day capacity. Circle Energy
Van Gerpen, Jon. July 2008. Correspondence with in Wisconsin distributes German Kern Kraft oilseed
author. presses and filters as well as Evolution biodiesel pro-
Van Gerpen, Jon, et al. Building a Successful Biodie- cessors. Jon Becker-Schickel is a Circle Energy repre-
sel Business. Second edition. 2006 Biodiesel Basics. sentative located in Thermopolis, Wyo. For prices and
277 p. further information, contact:
M. Jon Becker-Schickel
1531A Owl Creek Road
Thermopolis, WY 82443
(307) 867-2233
(563) 581-0048 cell
www.circle-energy.com
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 9
10. Biopress Series Oilseed Press (780) 466-9031 fax
info@trimlinedesigncentre.com
Biopress200
Capacity: 5 ton per 24 hours Woodleaf Biodiesel Innovations
Vaughn Ruth
Biopress400
6340 Woodleaf Road
Capacity: 10 ton per 24 hours
Woodleaf, NC 27054
(704) 278-2256
Biopress oilseed press distributors
info@woodleafbiodiesel.com
BioFuel Canada Ltd.
www.woodleafbiodiesel.com
280 Midpark Way S.E.
Calgary, Alberta Canada
T2X 1J6 Hybren Oilseed Press
(403) 255-4820 The Danish Hybren press is specifically intended
www.biofuelcanada.ca for small seeds such as canola and mustard and has
a capacity of 1/2 ton per day and retails for about
CentralBioDiesel
$3,500. www.hybren.dk
8208 NW 6th St.
Coral Springs, FL 33071
Hybren Oilseed Press distributors:
(954) 889-7BIO (7246)
Sustainable Village
sales@centralbiodieselhtp.com
1080 Oakdale Place
www.centralbiodieselhtp.com
Boulder, CO 80304
(303) 998-1323 or (888) 317-1600
Mammoth Oilseed Press (303) 449-1348
These presses are the cold press type producing both info@sustainablevillage.com
useable oil for diesel engines (after proper filtering www.sustainablevillage.com
or processing) and a valuable by-product, feed cake
NBT Building Products Ltd.
for animals. They are a screw-press-type unit and
Unit 9000 Suite 305
typically can produce a gallon of oil from a 5-gallon
190 Trans Canada Highway NE
bucket of canola.
Salmon Arm, BC, Canada V1E 1S3
Mammoth MSP-2T (250) 833-0275
Capacity: 2 ton per 24 hours (866) 835-1031 fax
MSRP: n/a info@plantdrive.ca
www.plantdrive.ca
Mammoth MSP-4T
Capacity: 4 ton per 24 hours
MSRP: $3,995 Rosedowns Mini Oilseed Press
The Mini Press Range has been designed to cover the
Mammoth MSP-6T
needs of both the smaller specialty oil processor and a
Capacity: 6 ton per 24 hours
pilot plant operation. The presses have been designed
MSRP: $4,495
for cold pressing most oilseeds without pre-treatment.
Mammoth MSP-10T Contact for prices.
Capacity: 10 ton per 24 hours
Mini 40
MSRP: $9,950
Capacity: 1 ton per day
Mammoth Oilseed Press distributors: Mini 100
Capacity: 3 tons per day
Trimline Design Centre Inc.
6772-99 Street Mini 200
Edmonton, Alberta Canada Capacity: 5 tons per day
T6E 5B8
Mini 500
(780) 466-9034
Capacity: 10 tons per day
Page 10 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers
11. De Smet Rosedowns DELUMPER (R) Div., Franklin Miller Inc.
Cannon St, Hull 60 Okner Pkwy.
East Yorkshire Livingston, NJ 07039-1604
HU2 0AD, United Kingdom (973) 535-9200
+44 (0)1482 329864 Manufacturer of standard and custom ultra-sanitary
+44 (0)1482 325887 fax crushers for hops, seed and oilseed crushing
info@ Rosedowns.co.uk applications.
www.rosedowns.co.uk
Pulva Corp.
US contact: P.O. Box 427
Jenkins Centrifuge Company Saxonburg, PA 16056-0427
1123 Swift (724) 898-3000
North Kansas City, MO 64116 www.pulva.com
(800) 635 1431 Pulva Corportation produces crushers. You can send
RJenkins@jenkinscentrifuge.com them a 5-gallon pail of seeds and they will crush them
www.JenkinsCentrifuge.com for a free test trial. See their Web site for more
information.
Other Oilseed Press manufacturers
The French Oil Mill Machinery, Inc.
IBG Monforts Oekotec
1035 W. Greene St.
An der Waldesruh 23
P.O. Box 920
41238 Mönchengladbach
Piqua, OH 45356-0920
Germany
(937) 773-3420
+49 (0) 2166 8682 90
The French Oil Mill Machinery manufactures oilseed
+49 (0) 2166 8682 44 fax
crushers on a small and large scale.
oekotec@ibs-monforts.de
ATTRA has an eight-page document that shows sche-
E. Peter Matthies
matic drawings and photos of hand-powered oilseed
20 Marshall St.
presses, along with very small-scale electric powered
d-52066 Aachen
presses. Call 800-346-9140 and request the “Small
Germany
Scale Oilseed Presses” document.
+49 241 160 7122
+49 241 160 7123 fax
Other equipment manufacturers
fruitoil@hotmail.com
and suppliers
(Matthies serves as a U.S. sales contact for Komet
BAR N.A., INC.
presses)
309 W. Hensley Road
Skeppsta Maskin AB Champaign, IL 61826-7200
Bengt Jonsson (217) 398-0000, ext.222
Täby Skeppsta (217) 398-0002 fax
S-705 94 Őrebro This company produces small-scale planting and har-
Sweden vesting threshing machines. The company also makes
+46 19 228005 processing equipment for soy milk, dairy analogs, tofu,
sales@oilpress.com mechanical extraction of processing equipment for veg-
etable oils, infant foods, low-cost foods, filling, packag-
Magic Mill International Headquarters
ing and labeling and snack TVP.
Royalux Corporation
105 Pleasant Avenue Seedburo Equipment Company
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 1022 W. Jackson Blvd.
(201) 785-8840 Chicago, IL 60607
(201) 785-8841 fax (312) 738-3700
tabypress@gmail.com (800) 284-5779
(312) 738-5329 fax
sales@seedburo.com
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 11
12. ALMACO Food Protein R & D Center
P. O. Box 296 Cater-Mattil Hall 373 Olsen Blvd.
99 M Avenue 2476 Texas A&M University
Nevada, IA 50201 College Station, TX 77843-2476
(515) 382-3506 (979) 845-2741
(515) 382-2973 fax (979) 845-2744 fax
sales@almaco.com marwaha@tamu.edu
The mission of the Oilseeds Processing Program is to
Huntsman, Inc
conduct basic and applied research to help add value
2362 Warren Ave.
to oilseeds and to serve as a technical resource to the
Twin Falls, ID 83301
oilseeds processing industry.
(208) 733-2214
(877) 733-2214 The Oilseeds Processing Program has experience with
(208) 733-2240 fax essentially all row-crop oilseeds as well as a number
mail@huntsmaninc.com of industrial crops. Row crop expertise includes famil-
Huntsman, Inc. supplies used and reconditioned food- iar edible oilseeds such as soybeans, cottonseed, corn
processing equipment, including seed cleaners and germ, canola, peanuts, sunflower seed, safflower seed
packaging. and flax seed. Industrial crop expertise includes castor
seed, rape seed, crambe, jojoba and others in various
Food Processing Machinery & Supplies Association
stages of commercialization. Specific services include
1451 Dolley Madison Drive, Suite 200
practical short courses and customized training.
McLean, VA 22101
(703) 761-2600
(703) 684-1080 fax Oilseed meal and animal feeding
info@fpsa.org Pilgeram, Alice. Camelina Sativa, A Montana Omega-
FPM&SA is a nonprofit trade association founded in 3 and Fuel Crop
1885 to provide a business link between food and www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu07/pdfs/
beverage processors and suppliers. The association pilgeram129-131.pdf
is made up of several hundred industry members. It
Specifications on Sunflower Meal. Meal/Whole seed
can provide information about sources of all kinds of
Feeding of Sunflower. National Sunflower Association.
equipment and supplies. Processfood.com is the asso-
www.sunflowernsa.com/wholeseed
ciation’s electronic marketplace.
Canola Meal Feed Guide. Canola Council of Canada.
Small-to-mid-scale seed cleaners www.canolacouncil.org/canola/canola-meal.aspx
A.T. Ferrell Company Animal Feed Resources Information System —
www.atferrell.com/aboutClipper.asp Canola Oil
This company manufactures clipper fanning mills. www.fao.org/ag/aga/agap/frg/afris/Data/724.HTM
Saskatchewan Canola Development Commission
Oilseed production and processing www.saskcanola.com/canola/meal.html
Schumacher, Joel. Small Scale Oilseed Processing.
Lardy, Greg. Biodiesel Benefits for Cattle Producers:
Briefing Number 88. May 2007. Montana State Uni-
Feeding Byproducts of Biodiesel Production. 2008.
versity Extension Service.
Western Organizations of Resource Councils, Billings,
www.ampc.montana.edu/briefings/briefing88.pdf
MT. 28 p.
Grubinger, Vern. Final Report: On-farm Oilseed www.worc.org
Biodiesel Production. May 2007. University of Ver-
mont Extension Service. Publications from organizations
How to Process Oilseeds on a Small Scale. Several private, nonprofit organizations involved with
www.howtopedia.org/en/How_to_Process_ development work around the world have publications
Oilseed_on_a_Small_Scale that provide information on technologies appropriate
for smaller-scale farms and businesses. Publications
Page 12 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers
13. related to small-scale oilseed processing are followed Potts, K.H., and K. Machell. 1993. The Manual Screw
by contact information for the organizations that dis- Press for Small-scale Oil Extraction. Practical Action
tribute them. Publishing. 72 p.
This book describes a small-scale process of oil
Now Build This – The Sunflower Seed Huller and
extraction for use in rural areas, as well as ways to
Oil Press.
market and distribute the oilcake.
Digitized print of original article by Cox, Jeff. 1979.
The sunflower seed huller and oil press. Organic Gar- Anon. 1993. Oil Processing. Practical Action Publish-
dening. Rodale Press. April. 13 p. ing. 48 p.
www.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/sunfloweroil.htm. This book is aimed at volunteers training for food pro-
cessing projects and their trainers, and for the non-
Enterprise Works Worldwide (EWW)
specialist already involved in projects and seeking
1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 630
specific information on technology choice. Contents
Washington, DC 20005
cover raw materials from which oil can be extracted,
(202) 293-4600
methods of oil extraction and processing, descrip-
(202) 293-5698 fax
tions of types of improved technologies, case studies,
info@enterpriseworks.org
a checklist of questions to ask when planning a project
Herz, Jonathan. 1995. How to Use Your Ram Press. or enterprise, facts and figures on a range of prepro-
EWW. cessing and extraction equipment, references, further
reading and contacts.
Herz, Jonathan. 1997. Using and Maintaining the
Ram Press. EWW. 42 p. Kessler, Nathan. No date. Understanding Solvent
Extraction of Vegetable Oils. VITA. 12 p.
Herz, Jonathan. 1995. Construction of the
This technical brief outlines the procedures and
CAMARTEC BP-30 Press: A Workshop Manual.
equipment required to extract vegetable oil using
EWW. The EWW manual describes feed rations
solvents.
for commercial broiler chickens, cows and pigs that
include sunflower seed cake. PACT Publications
1200 18th Street, NW
Practical Action Publishing [formerly known as the
Washington, DC 20036
Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) ]
(202) 466-5666
To subscribe to Waterlines or Enterprise Development
books@pacthg.org
and Microfinance, contact:
ECHO
Subscription Manager
17391 Durrance Rd.
Commerce Way, Whitehall Industrial Estates
N. Ft. Myers, FL 33917
Colchester, Essex, CO28HP, U.K.
(239) 543-3246
+44 (0) 1206-796351
(239) 543-5317 fax
+44 (0) 1206-799331 fax
echo@echonet.org
http://practicalactionpublishing.org
http://echobooks.org
To order a book, call: Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization is
+44 (0)1926 634501 (9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Fri- a nonprofit Christian organization dedicated to the
day, U.K. time) fight against world hunger. ECHO’s Web site provides
+44 (0)1926 634502 fax access to resources and services for small farm tropi-
www.developmentbookshop.com cal agriculture from around the globe. ECHO’s most
popular publications are online and include several
Anon. No date. Principles of Oil Extraction. Practical
about oilseed crops. A for-sale publication is The
Action Publishing. 11 p. (316K PDF)
Manual Screw Press for Small-Scale Oil Extraction.
Anon. No date. Food Processing Building Design.
Practical Action Publishing. 3 p. (60K PDF)
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 13
14. Web sites
Tiny Tech UDYOG
www.oil-refinery.com/
Armfield Limited
www.armfield.co.uk/
Palm Oil Processing
www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4355E/y4355e04.htm
The Sunflower Seed Huller and Oil Press
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/oilpress.
html
Minor Oil Crops – Individual Monographs
www.fao.org/docrep/x5043e/x5043e00.htm
Specialty Olive Oil Production Photo courtesy Great Northern Growers.
www.sfc.ucdavis.edu/pubs/SFNews/archive/94111.htm Camelina grows in a Montana field.
Page 14 ATTRA Oilseed Processing for Small-Scale Producers