Oceanographers study the world's oceans, coastal waters, and ocean floor. They conduct research across many scientific disciplines to understand pollutants in the ocean, their effects on marine life, and how they are incorporated into ocean sediments over time. The work involves collecting samples from seas, planning expeditions, and teaching. There are several specializations within oceanography focused on specific areas of research like biology, chemistry, physics, and geology. Oceanographers require skills like withstanding isolation, working as part of a team, and strong communication abilities. Formal education often involves obtaining a B.S. in marine biology or related field, followed by a M.S. or Ph.D. in oceanography.

1. Oceanography
Oceanographers study the world’s oceans and coastal waters. Oceanography
is the combined scientific study of biology, physics, mathematics, geophysics,
engineering science [computers] chemistry, and geology together to
understand the effects of pollutants in the ocean, the way the pollutants reach
the ocean floor, how they become part of the ocean floor, the effect on
marine life. The work of an oceanographer involves conducting studies on
samples collected from seas, planning sea trips, and teaching.
• MARINE OCEANOGRAPHERS:
Explore the ocean floor in search of petroleum and mineral deposits. They also study the living creatures in the sea, conditions fo
marine life and research for its propagation and maintenance.
Ability to consolidate data
• Ability to deal with details & meticulous work
Oceanographers study:
• The seas
• The coastline
• Estuaries
• Coastal waters
• Shelves
• The ocean bed
• Underwater Volcanoes
There are several specializations in oceanography they are:
• BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHERS:
Study life under sea. Their work is research based and finds
fishery sciences and biotechnological pursuits
• CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHERS:
Study the chemical system in the sea – the concentration o
water, their distribution & transfer to the seafloor & finally
these chemicals.
• PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHERS:
Study the physical phenomenon such as tides, waves, current,
and salinity
• GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHERS:
Study the geological components like the ocean floor and the sedimentation’s. They are concerned with the movements of the ea
coastal margins, effects of offshore dredging on beaches, location of mineral resources and also for marine structures such as offsho
plants.
• Good communication
• Good health
Personal Characteristics:

2. • Ability to withstand boredom & loneliness
• Ability to work as a part of team
• Computer acumen
• Enquiring mind
A candidate will need to complete their B.Sc. in Marine Biology . M.Sc. in oceanography can be opted. For a Ph.D., M.Sc. in an
sciences is required to commence marine research.
Master's or Doctorate programme can be opted for after completing B.Sc or M.Sc in any other science stream.
Some of the Universities which offer this course
• Annamalai University
• Cochin University of Science & Technology
• IIT, Chennai for Ocean Engineering
• IIT Madras
Employment & Career Avenues :
• Geological Survey of India
• Meteorological Departments
• Departments working with environmental protection
• Industries [packaging, marketing, exports of marine products]
• Public sector organisations [exploration work]
• Research
• Doctorate
Careers options in Environmental Science have increased in direct
proportion with industrialization and urbanization. Ironically the aim of the
Environmentalists has been to check the growth of polluting industries and
unnecessary urbanization.
Environmental Studies or Environmental Science is the study of:
• Plants, Flora and Fauna and animals.
• The growing problem of air, water and soil pollution.
Environment Science is a multidisciplinary field involving biology, zoology,
chemistry, physics, geology and needs assistance of engineers and
technologists.
The varied fields in Environmental Studies are as follows :
• Environment Technology.
• Environment Science
• Environment Education
• Ecotourism.
Eligibility Criterion:
A science graduate from any of the following discipline:
• Good observation
• Knowledge of swimming & diving
• Precision
• Sea-worthiness
• Karnataka Engineering College
• Mumbai Institute of Technology
• National Institute of Oceanography , Goa.
• Academics
• Exploration
• Marine Engineering
• Environmental Scientist
• Geophysical Investigations
• Weather forecasting
• Maintaining Archives on marine data
Environment Technology is the study of
• ensuring long term economic development
• reclaiming material resources and energy services from indu
• wasteland management
Entry into the Field
Title 1
Environmental Science

3. Basic sciences, Chemical, Civil, Economics, Electrical, Mehcanical, Mining Geological,Petroleum
Eligibility Criterion:
An MSc degree in any discipline
Environment Education:
Environment Education requires Identifying environment issues and drawing up strategies to manage these at all levels.
Eligibility Criterion:
Post graduate in any discipline, Professionals (teachers, administrators, NGO activists and mediapersons) can take this course.
Ecotourism is the study of : • archaeological restoration • artifacts
The Institute of Science, Madam Cama Road
MSc. in Environmental Science
Duration: 2 years (Admission via entrance test and interview)
Eligibility: BSc with chemistry, zoology, botany, microbiology, biochemistry or life sciences. Graduates in earth sciences and n
can also apply.
Course content: Basic ecology, components of physical environment, pollution monitoring and control, industrial hygien
environmental management and legislation among other things.
Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai-23
• folk art • temples and forests. • Tribal culture
Environment Science or Environment Engineering is the study
treatment of toxic wastes hazardous to the environment food
textile industries are the major areas of concern for an environm
Environment Science is a multidisciplinary field involving Bio
Chemistry, Physics, and Geology and needs assistance of
technologists. It joins many disciplines hand-in-hand viz. chem
petroleum, mining, basic sciences, ecology, economics, social sc
experts, radiologists as well as civil, mechanical & electrical eng
Indian Institute of Technology, Powai
MTech in Environmental Science and Engineering
Eligibility: BTech or MSc in environmental science, chemistry,
microbiology or life sciences with adequate background in mathematics.
Duration: 2 years
PhD programme in Environmental Science
Ongoing research deals with air pollution monitoring, industrial waste
treatment, environmental impact assessment of developmental projects and
management of radioactive waste among other things.
The following colleges offer environmental
studies programmes:
Environment Science :

4. MSc (by Research) and Ph.D. in Botany and Zoology (specialisation - Field Ecology and Taxonomy)
Seats: 40 for both programmes taken together.
Eligibility: BSc/MSc in botany, zoology. This is a programme requiring field study.
Internship in Environmental Journalism
CEE's Media for Sustainable Development programme offers a year long
Internship programme in Environmental Journalism for graduates and post
graduates with a flair for writing and reporting. The programme provides
on the job training in editing, writing and production of EE material.
The interns get on-hands experience working specifically on 'CEE-NFS'.
CEE-NFS disseminates environment and development related news items,
features and articles for the non-exclusive use of news papers, NGOs and
individual subscribers. This enables newspapers to access ready to use
material on a regular basis. CEE-NFS is circulated as a monthly in two
languages - English and Hindi.
Contact Address:
Centre for Environment Education
Nehru Foundation for Development
Thaltej Tekra
Ahmedabad - 380 054
Tel. : ++91-79-6858002
Fax: ++91-79-6858010
Email: cee@ceeindia.org