Obesity increases the risk of severe illness from COVID-19 through several mechanisms. Obesity causes chronic inflammation and impairments in metabolic and cardiovascular health that reduce the body's ability to cope with viral infections. It also increases expression of the ACE2 receptor that SARS-CoV-2 uses to enter cells. The greater total mass of adipose tissue in obese individuals means more ACE2 receptors are expressed overall. Finally, obesity is linked to elevated levels of cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α that can drive an overactive immune response to COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, as an chronic disease, obesity weakens the immune system and increases the risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19.
2. WHAT IS OBESITY?
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), obesity is
classified as chronic and severe disease
in developed and developing countries,
affecting both adults and children.
3. OBESITY
Coincident with the high rates of obesity, the
prevalence of other chronic diseases.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Coronary heart disease
Cancer.
5. OBESITY
Obesity has been further projected that 60%
of the world’s population which represent
3.3 billion people, could be overweight or
obese by 2030 if recent trends continue.
Thus,successful treatment and control of
obesity should be major imperatives.
6. OBESITY
In clinical practice, the body fatness is
usually estimated by BMI. BMI is
calculated as measured body weight
(kg) divided by measured height
squared (m2).
8. COVID 19
Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA
viruses that can infect a wide range of hosts
including avian, wild, domestic mammalian
species, and humans.
Coronaviruses are well known for their ability to
mutate rapidly, alter tissue tropism, cross the
species barrier, and adapt to different
epidemiological situations.
9. COVID 19
The coronavirus epidemic that started in China has
rapidly spread to all countries of the world and caused
a significant number of deaths.
10. TRANSMISSION OF COVID 19
The new Coronavirus, (with its newly given name
Covid-19 ) is thought to be transmitted by respiratory
secretions like other coronaviruses.
Cough, sneezing, laughing and speaking from people
with the virus spread to the environment containing
respiratory secretions droplets, sound people's mouth,
nose and eyes by contact with the cause of these
people to become sick.
11. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
Even though there are very few available data on BMI
(body mass index) for patients with COVID‐19
infections, the role of obesity in the COVID‐19
epidemic must not be ignored.
Obesity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
COVID‐19 infection.
12. In fact, the immune system,
which is a key player in the
pathogenesis of COVID‐19
obesity‐induced adipose tissue inflammation
13. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
This inflammation of adipose tissue includes
Metabolic dysfunction potentially leading to
dyslipidaemia,
Insulin resistance,
Type 2 diabetes mellitus,
Typertension,
Cardiovascular disease.
14. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
Since obesity has been shown to increase vulnerability
to infections, it may be a risk factor for
COVID‐19‐related mortality.
This is all the more so obesity with patients since
there are no specific clinical signs that foreshadow the
progression from a mild COVID‐19 infection to a
severe form.
15. Obesity Is a Risk Factor for
Greater
COVID-19 Severity
16. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is
the putative receptor for the entry of SARSCoV2 into
target cells with remarkably high affinity.
It is noteworthy that the level of expression of ACE2
in adipose tissue is reported to be higher than in lung
tissue.
17. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
There are multiple pathways by which obesity
(or excess ectopic fat) may increase the effect
of COVID-19 infection.
These include underlying impairments in
cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and
thrombotic pathways in relation to obesity, all
of which reduce reserve and ability to cope
with COVID-19 infection and the secondary
immune reaction to it.
18. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
At the same time, there are several reasons
why obese individuals may have amplified or
dysregulated immune response, linked both to
greater viral exposure, as well as the
possibility that excess adipose tissue
potentiates the immune response.
20. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
The expression of ACE2 receptors is the
same for adipose tissue in obese and non-
obese patients but the difference is in the
mass of the adipose tissues that made
patients with obesity expressing high
number of ACE2 receptors.
This increment could explain why patients
with obesity are showing severe form of the
Covid-19.
21. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
These results estimated that obese people
should protect themselves from viral
exposure, enhancing protective procedures
during SARS-CoV-2 world pandemic.
IL-6 and TNF-α are consistently increased
in circulation of patients with obesity .
22. HOW EFFECT OBESITY IN COVID 19
It induces an inflammatory state through the
increase of macrophage infiltration into adipose
tissue, the polarization state of macrophages and
the augmentation of cytokines.
STAT3 IL-6 and signaling act as critical
determinants for patients with obesity and form a
feed-forward loop. IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels
increase independent and significant predictors of
illness severity and deaths of COVID-19 patients.
23. Obesity and the increased risk for
COVID-19: mechanisms and
nutritional management
ADIPOSITY and COVID 19
24. CONCLUSION
Finally, obesity the defined as chronic
illness increases your risk of severe illnesses
from Covid19.Patients that with obesity has
lowing immune system.
Some of the studies show that risk of Covid
19 increase with Body Mass Index(BMI).
25. THANK YOU
DIETITIAN NEVİN BORZAN
Email:dyt.nevinborzan1995@gmail.com
Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/in/nevin-borzan-
38a98a13b
