Det årlige statsstøttekurset 7. og 8. april 2016 i regi av Juristenes Utdanningssenter (JUS) på Gardermoen – Foredrag av Bjørnar Alterskjær, Kluge advokatfirma.
Norwea sin høringsuttalelse om elsertifikaterNorwea
Norwea er svært fornøyd med at en avgjørende juridisk brikke i det planlagte svensk-norske sertifikatmarkedet nå er på høring med henblikk på vedtak i Stortingets vårsesjon. Vår vurdering, også etter dialog med markedsaktører og juridiske miljøer, er at lovteksten utgjør godt håndverk, som i all hovedsak legger opp til et velfungerende felles marked.
Nettverkssamling for fylkesadvokater - foredrag i statsstøtte, Drammen 21. ok...Bjørnar Alterskjær
Reglene om offentlig støtte har stor innvirkning på kommuner og fylkeskommuner når kommunene gir tilskudd. Reglene kommer imidlertid også til anvendelse når kommunene selv deltar på markedet. Foredraget ser særlig på hvilke av kommunenes aktiviteter som kan anses som markedsaktiviteter, samt når samhandelen kan sies å være påvirket.
Om nettsky, cloud, Privacy Shield, personvern, Safe Harbor, juss og veien videre for offentlige og private som vil benytte skytjenester - på Software 2016
Norwea sin høringsuttalelse om elsertifikaterNorwea
Norwea er svært fornøyd med at en avgjørende juridisk brikke i det planlagte svensk-norske sertifikatmarkedet nå er på høring med henblikk på vedtak i Stortingets vårsesjon. Vår vurdering, også etter dialog med markedsaktører og juridiske miljøer, er at lovteksten utgjør godt håndverk, som i all hovedsak legger opp til et velfungerende felles marked.
Nettverkssamling for fylkesadvokater - foredrag i statsstøtte, Drammen 21. ok...Bjørnar Alterskjær
Reglene om offentlig støtte har stor innvirkning på kommuner og fylkeskommuner når kommunene gir tilskudd. Reglene kommer imidlertid også til anvendelse når kommunene selv deltar på markedet. Foredraget ser særlig på hvilke av kommunenes aktiviteter som kan anses som markedsaktiviteter, samt når samhandelen kan sies å være påvirket.
Om nettsky, cloud, Privacy Shield, personvern, Safe Harbor, juss og veien videre for offentlige og private som vil benytte skytjenester - på Software 2016
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Nytt i statsstøtteretten 2015-2016
1. Kluge Advokatfirma AS
Cathrine Hauge
Kluge Advokatfirma
Stavanger | Oslo | Bergen | Hamar
Det årlige statsstøttekurset 7. og 8. april 2016 –
Nytt i statsstøtteretten
Bjørnar Alterskjær
2. Hva har skjedd i 2015-2016?
EFTA-domstolen
EU-domstolen
ESA
EU-kommisjonen
3. EFTA-domstolen: E-19/13 - Konkurrenten.no AS v EFTA Surveillance Authority
E-23/14 - Kimek Offshore AS v EFTA Surveillance Authority
5. Konkurrenten (I)
• Saken startet i 2006 – klage til ESA fra Konkurrenten på støtte til
kollektivtransport i Oslo
• ESA lukket saken i 2010
• EFTA-domstolen annullerte ESAs vedtak i 2011 – for mangel på
åpningsprosedyre
• Konkurrenten klagde på nye forhold i 2011
• 2012/2013 – to andre Konkurrentensaker, E-4/12 og E-5/12 om
dokumentinnsyn
• ESA åpnet sak på 2006-klagen i 2012
5
6. Konkurrenten (II)
• ESA lukket 2006-klagen i 2012
• ESA lukket 2011-klagen i 2012
• Begge vedtakene bragt inn for domstolen
• EFTA-domstolen kom til at Konkurrenten ikke hadde rettslig interesse:
In State aid law, an applicant who challenges the merits of a decision
appraising aid taken on the basis of Article 1(3) of Part I of Protocol 3
SCA or at the end of the formal investigation procedure is considered to
be individually concerned by that decision if its market position is
substantially affected by the aid to which the contested decision relates
(see Míla v ESA, cited above, paragraph 55 and case law cited).
6
8. Kimek Offshore (I)
• ESA godkjente i 2014 ordningen med differensiert arbeidsgiveravgift
• Norges største støtteordning, ca. 13 milliarder i året, hvorav ca. 7 milliarder
er støtte.
• Ordningen er godkjent for 6,5 år, noe som gjør at vedtaket godkjenner en
ordning med totalt 85 milliarder i provenytap, hvorav ca. 45 milliarder
utgjør støtte
8
9. Kimek Offshore (II)
• Ordningen inneholder også en særregel for utleie av arbeidskraft
• Bedrifter i Sør-Norge som leier ut arbeidskraft får redusert
arbeidsgiveravgift, selv for korte opphold nordpå (21 dager, hvis 14/21-
rotasjon)
• Denne delen av ordningen gir muligens opp mot 300 millioner kroner i
regional driftsstøtte i året til sørnorske bedrifter, totalt sett opp mot 2
milliarder kroner 2014-2020 (vedtaksperioden). Tallene her er usikre
• ESA hadde ikke vurdert dette særskilt
9
10. Kimek Offshore (III)
• Saken ble bragt inn til domstolen for manglende åpningsprosedyre –
beskyttelse av Kimek Offshores rett til å bli hørt
• Kimek Offshore viste til at ordningen gav Kimek Offshores konkurrenter
vesentlige avgiftsfordeler, og beskrev den konkrete påvirkningen i det
relevante markedet
• EFTA-domstolen annullerte vedtaket på grunn av manglende åpning
• ESA har nå åpnet sak
10
11. Foto: Cédric Puisney
Omfattende praksis på statsstøtteområdet i 2015-2016
Vil se på enkelte saker relevant for norske forhold
13. T-125/12 Viasat og T-674/11 TV2 Danmark
• Begge dommene relaterer seg til samme sakskompleks, og er avsagt
samme dag
• Dommene illustrerer hvor vanskelig det er å oppfylle det fjerde
Altmarkvilkåret, se premiss 111-150 i sak T-674/11
• Når en ikke har valgt tilbyder etter en anskaffelsesprosedyre må en
beregne kompensasjonen basert på hva kostnadene til et veldrevet
referanseforetak ville vært. Sak T-674/11 viser at det ikke er enkelt, selv
om det ikke er umulig
13
14. T-674/11 TV2 Danmark
In that regard, it must be noted that, if the undertaking charged with a
public-service mission is not chosen by means of a public procurement
procedure, application of the fourth Altmark condition is likely to present
difficulties in practice. On the one hand, the concept of an undertaking that
is ‘well run and adequately provided’ necessarily implies wide discretion on
the part of the entity applying it. On the other hand, a comparison between
two undertakings, one public and charged with a public-service mission and
the other private and free of any such mission, is not an easy one, especially
in view of the fact that the public-service provider is subject to certain
specific quality requirements.[…]
(Premiss 114)
14
15. TV2-sakene
• Sakene viser imidlertid at vurderingen under artikkel 106(2) (samme som
artikkel 59(2) EØS) ikke blir farget av at Altmarkvilkårene ikke er oppfylt
• Vurderingstemaene under artikkel 106(2) og Altmark er ikke identiske, selv
om det er mange likheter
• Støtten kan derfor være forenlig med artikkel 106(2) selv om Altmark ikke
er oppfylt
15
16. Eiendomssaker – salg av land
• T-186/13 Leidschendam-Voorburg i
Nederland
• C-39/14 Landkreis Jerichower i
Tyskland
16
17. T-186/13, T-190/13 and T-193/13 (I)
• I 2013 vedtok EU-kommisjonen at Nederland skulle kreve tilbakebetalt 6,9
millioner euro fra utbygger
• EU-kommisjonen mente at ingen markedsinvestor ville redusert
salgsprisen retroaktivt, eller gitt avkall på gebyrene som utbygger skulle
betale
17
18. T-186/13, T-190/13 and T-193/13 (II)
• Domstolen kom til at EU-kommisjonen ikke hadde vurdert
markedsinvestortesten godt nok, og annulerte vedtaket
• EU-kommisjonen hadde ikke vurdert kontraktsbestemmelsene om
heving/escape-klausuler tilstrekkelig
• EU-kommisjonen hadde heller ikke vurdert fordelene kommunen hadde
ved raskere ferdigstillelse
18
19. C-39/14 Landkreis Jerichower (I)
• Priskontroll på salg av landbrukseiendommer
• Etter budrunde var prisen 29 000 euro, mens landbrukstakster varierte
mellom 13 000-14 000 euro
• Hvis prisen er 50% over landbrukstakst kan salg nektes etter tyske regler –
og det konkrete salget ble stanset
19
20. C-39/14 Landkreis Jerichower (II)
• En tysk domstol spurte EU-domstolen om en slik prosess innebar
statsstøtte
• EU-domstolen svarte nei, men indikerte samtidig at salg til andre etterpå til
lavere pris ville kunne være støtte
• Relevant for norske forhold – priskontroll av landbrukseiendommer
20
22. Flyskatter – T-512/11 Ryanair
• Domstolen annullerte EU-kommisjonens avgjørelse om det irske unntaket
fra flypassasjeravgift for transit- og transferpassasjerer
• Domstolen mente at EU-kommisjonen skulle ha åpnet formell
undersøkelsesprosedyre
• EU-kommisjonen har nå åpnet sak
• Lignende faktum som i den norske flypassasjeravgiftsaken
22
23. Pensjon – T-135/12 Frankrike mot Kommisjonen
• Frankrike hadde kompensert France Telecom for pensjonskostnader
• EU-kommisjonen kom til at kompensasjonen var statsstøtte
• Frankrike brakte saken inn for domstolen, blant annet med påstand om at
kompensasjonen ikke var statsstøtte
• Domstolen avviste saken. Kompensasjon for strukturell ulempe er en
fordel, og dermed støtte
23
24. Nytt fra ESA
• Gruppeunntak – 95 (!) meldinger fra Norge i 2014-2015. Gruppeunntakene
blir stadig viktigere
• Støttevedtak – 19 vedtak i 2015 som berørte Norge
• Vil i det følgende se kort på noen av disse
24
26. Moms og støtte I – el-bilsaken (I)
• ESA godkjente en rekke støttetiltak for el-biler, blant annet momsfritaket i
sak 150/15/COL
• Støtterettslig er analysen av momsfritaket interessant
• Unntaket ble ansett som selektivt og ikke i samsvar med logikken i
momssystemet i Norge
26
27. Moms og støtte I – elbilsaken (II)
• Unntaket var ikke selektivt for kjøperne av bilene – alle får fritak
• Unntaket var imidlertid selektivt for de som indirekte får fordeler, nemlig
produsenter og selgere av elbiler (ofte i utlandet)
• Valg av 0-sats er ikke i samsvar med logikken i det norske momssystemet
• Støtten ble godkjent
27
28. Moms og støtte II – nettaviser (I)
• Støtte til aviser på nett ble behandlet i sak 23/16/COL
• Aviser på papir har hatt nullsats i lang tid, mens nyheter på elektroniske
plattformer var momsbelagte
• Norge notifiserte nullsats på elektroniske nyhetstjenester
28
29. Moms og støtte II – nettaviser (II)
• ESA godkjente dette, og benyttet stort sett samme analyse som i el-
bilsaken
• Det er ikke selektiv støtte til kjøperne av nyhetstjenester – alle får
• Det er selektiv støtte til de indirekte mottakerne – nemlig selgerne av nyhetstjenester
• Den selektive fordelen kan ikke begrunnes ut fra logikken i momssystemet – og er
dermed støtte
29
30. Idrett og støtte
• Det nye gruppeunntaket er liberalt når det gjelder støtte til idrettsanlegg –
vil trolig bli benyttet mye fremover
• ESAs avgjørelser/saker i 2015-2016:
• Templarheimen (178/15/COL ): godkjente støtte til badeland
• Vålerenga (225/15/COL): godkjente støtte til ny stadion
• Sandefjord (357/15/COL): godkjente støtte til ny stadion
• Finnmarkshallen (comfort letter): kom til at samhandelen ikke var påvirket
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31. Ny teknologi og støtte
• En av Enovas ordninger er en ordning for å støtte ny teknologi
• To store prosjekter under denne ordningen ble meldt individuelt til ESA, og
godkjent:
• Hydros pilotanlegg på Karmøy (37/15/COL)
• Tizirs anlegg i Tyssedal (476/15/COL)
• Avgjørelsene er interessante, blant annet når det gjelder bruken av
økonomiske analyser
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32. Reiseliv – VisitNorwaysaken
• Reiselivsaktivitet i Europa mottar ofte støtte i ulike former, men lite praksis
fra overvåkningsorganene
• VisitEngland, VisitScotland og VisitWalessakene for EU-kommisjonen
• ESAs avgjørelse i VisitNorwaysaken, 469/15/COL
• Diverse spørsmål både i Norge og ellers knyttet til reiseliv, behov for
avklaringer, både med hensyn til hva som er støtte, og hva som er forenlig
støtte
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33. Andre saker av interesse
• Finnfjord (110/15/COL): streng tolkning av kravet til incentiveffekt
• Sykehusapotek (36/15/COL): kryssubsidieringsproblematikk,
helsesektoren
• Analysesenteret (64/15/COL): kryssubsidieringsproblematikk,
kommunal næringsvirksomhet
• ERTMS (063/16/COL): artikkel 49 EØS
• Buss Aust-Agder(179/15/COL): tilbakebetaling
33
34. Nytt fra EU-kommisjonen
• Regelverk havner
• Notion of aid
• Gruppeunntaksveileder
• Samhandelssakene
34
35. Nytt regelverk – havnestøtte (I)
• EU-kommisjonen har i de senere årene truffet en rekke avgjørelser om
støtte til havner og havnevirksomhet (33 avgjørelser)
• Forslag: artikkel 56b og 56c i gruppeunntaket
• Artikkel 56b vil være mest relevant for norske forhold (bokstav c gjelder
innlandshavner)
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36. Nytt regelverk – havnestøtte (II)
• Støtteintensitet:
• (a) if eligible costs are up to EUR [20] million: [100]% of the eligible costs;
• (b) if eligible costs are above EUR [20] million and up to EUR [50] million: [80]% of the
eligible costs;
• (c) if eligible costs are above EUR [50] million and up to EUR [100] million: [50]% of the
eligible costs;
36
37. Notion of aid
• Dokument om støttebegrepet
• Var på høring
• Fremdeles ikke endelig vedtatt – men dette vil skje snart?
• Nyttig for vurderinger om noe utgjør støtte eller ikke
• Ikke rettslig bindende, men praktisk viktig. Svært mange gode referanser til
saker og praksis
37
38. Gruppeunntaksveilederen (I)
• EU-kommisjonen har utgitt en veileder til gruppeunntaket
• Svært praktisk, og svarer på en rekke spørsmål
• Ikke rettslig bindende – men reelt sett førende for tolkningen
• «Bibel» for bruk av gruppeunntaket
38
39. Gruppeunntaksveilederen (II)
• Første del kom i juli 2015, annen del i mars 2016
• 72 sider med veiledning til det meste – samme struktur som i
gruppeunntaket
• Veilederen ligger her:
http://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/legislation/practical_guide_gb
er_en.pdf
39
40.
41. Samhandel – syv saker (I)
• Czech Republic - Hradec Králové public hospitals (SA.37432)
• Offentlig lokalsykehus, lokale pasienter, ingen investeringer over landegrensene
• Germany – Medical centre in Durmersheim (SA.37904)
• Klinikum Mittelbaden. Lokale brukere, språkutfordringer, lite senter, lite støtte
41
42. Samhandel – syv saker (II)
• Germany - Städtische Projektgesellschaft "Wirtschaftsbüro Gaarden - Kiel"
(SA.33149)
• Lite kontor som tilbyr gratisinformasjon til personer og småbedrifter
• Germany – Landgrafen-Klinik (SA.38035)
• Reabiliteringssenter med 200 senger. Av 3080 pasienter var ingen utenlandske. 20 andre
sentre i området, og støtten hindret ikke etablering av disse
42
43. Samhandel – syv saker (III)
• The Netherlands – Investment aid for Lauwersoog port (SA.39403)
• Utvidelse av molo, småbåthavna og fiskeplass. Lokal fiskehavn. Fiskere ville trolig ikke
flytte på seg, marinavirksomheten var også begrenset (bare 60 båtplasser)
• United Kingdom – Glenmore Lodge (SA. 37963)
• Kursing av instruktører, fjellsportaktiviteter, EU-kommisjonen kom til at det ikke var noen
samhandelseffekt
• United Kingdom – Member-owned golf clubs (SA.38208)
• Skattefritak til amatørsport. Fritak for omsetning under 30 000 pund, eller
bruttoinntekter under 20 000 pund. Tersklene tilstrekkelig til å fastslå at det ikke var
samhandelseffekt
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44. Samhandel – norske forhold
• På grunn av geografi og folketall vil mange mindre norske saker ligne på de
som EU-kommisjonen vurderte
• Noe usikkert hvor grensen skal trekkes
• Lettere i enkeltsaker enn i støtteordninger
44
45. Fremtiden (I)
• Samhandelskriteriet – hvordan vil EU-domstolen og EFTA-domstolen
vurdere dette? Vil det komme klarere veiledning fra EU-kommisjonen eller
ESA?
• Hva er et foretak – økonomisk virksomhet?
• Skatt, avgifter og garantier – flere saker? (flypassasjeravgift, 350-
kronersgrensen, skattefritak kommunale enheter, andre statlige eller
halvoffentlige institusjoner)
45
46. Fremtiden (II)
• Reiseliv og statsstøtte?
• Havner og statsstøtte?
• Klarere norske støtteregler?
46